Transcript CHAPTER 7

CHAPTER 7
CRISIS AND ABSOLUTISM IN
EUROPE
WORLD EVENTS
WHAT’S GOING ON IN THE WORLD?
WORDS OF THE DAY
FRAYER MODEL
1. ALOOF – P. 214
2. PURGE – P. 220
3. DEVIATE – P. 225
4. ANARCHY – P. 228
WARM UP QUESTIONS
• 1. WHY WAS PHILLIP II CONFIDENT
THAT THE SPANISH COULD
SUCCESSFULLY INVADE ENGLAND?
• 2. HOW DID THE PEACE OF
WESTPHALIA IMPACT THE HOLY
ROMAN EMPIRE?
• 3. WHAT STEPS DID LOUIS XIV TAKE
TO MAINTAIN ABSOLUTE POWER?
• 4. ACCORDING TO HOBBES, WHY WAS
ABSOLUTE POWER NEEDED?
7-1 EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE
WARS OF RELIGION
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THE FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION
CALVINISM VS. CATHOLICISM
MILITANT – COMBATIVE
WHY?
*THEY WERE AGGRESSIVE IN TRYING TO WIN
CONVERTS AND ELIMINATE THE OTHER'S AUTHORITY
THIS WAS THE CHIEF CAUSE OF THE RELIGIOUS WARS
IN EUROPE DURING THE 16TH CENTURY
OTHERS
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, POLITICAL FACTORS
FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-1598) – ONE OF THE
MOST DESTRUCTIVE CIVIL WARS
7-1 EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE
WARS OF RELIGION
• FRENCH KINGS PERSECUTED
PROTESTANTS – *DID NOT STOP THE
SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM
• HUGUENOTS – FRENCH PROTESTANTS –
JOHN CALVIN
• SMALL PORTION OF THE POPULATION - 7%
• NOBILITY – 40 TO 50%
• *THE CONVERSION OF SO MANY NOBLES
MADE THE HUGUENOTS A POWERFUL
POLITICAL THREAT TO THE CROWN
7-1 EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE
WARS OF RELIGION
• CATHOLICS GREATLY OUTNUMBERED THE
HUGUENOTS
• VALOIS MONARCHY WAS CATHOLIC
• EXTREME CATHOLIC PARTY – ULTRA
CATHOLICS – OPPOSED THE HUGUENOTS COULD RECRUIT AND PAY FOR LARGE
ARMIES
• OTHER FACTORS – TOWNSPEOPLE
RESISTED THE GROWING POWER OF THE
MONARCHY AND AIDED THE NOBLES
• WARS WAGED FOR OVER 30 YEARS
7-1 EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE
WARS OF RELIGION
• 1589 – HENRY OF NAVARRE (IV) – TOOK
THE THRONE
• *POLITICAL LEADER OF THE HUGUENOTS
AND MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF BOURBON
• CONVERTED TO CATHOLICISM – WHY?
• *HE KNEW THAT HE WOULD NEVER BE
ACCEPTED AS A PROTESTANT
• WHEN HE WAS CROWNED KING IN 1594
THE FIGHTING CAME TO AN END
• ISSUED THE EDICT OF NANTES –
• 1. RECOGNIZED CATHOLICISM AS THE
OFFICIAL RELIGION IN FRANCE
7-1 EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE
WARS OF RELIGION
• 2. *BUT IT GAVE HUGUENOTS THE RIGHT TO
WORSHIP AND ENJOY POLITICAL
PRIVILEGES
• PHILLIP II AND MILITANT CATHOLICISM
• KING PHILLIP II OF SPAIN – GREATEST
SUPPORTER OF CATHOLICISM IN THE 2ND
HALF OF THE 16TH CENTURY
• REIGN 1556-1598 – POLITICAL AND
CULTURAL GREATNESS FOR SPAIN
• 1ST GOAL – CONSOLIDATE THE LANDS HIS
FATHER GAVE HIM – SPAIN, NETHERLANDS,
PARTS OF ITALY AND THE AMERICAS
7-1 EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE
WARS OF RELGION
• RULE - STRICT CONFORMITY TO
CATHOLICISM AND STRONG
AUTHORITY
• *SPAIN SAW ITSELF AS A NATION OF
PEOPLE CHOSEN BY GOD TO SAVE
CATHOLIC CHRISTIANITY FROM THE
PROTESTANTS
• RECONQUERED LANDS AND
EXPELLED NON CATHOLICS
• CHAMPIONED CATHOLIC CAUSES
• “THE MOST CATHOLIC KING”
• EX. – SPAIN’S LEADERSHIP OF A HOLY
LEAGUE AGAINST THE TURKS IN THE
BATTLE OF LEPANTO IN 1571
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WARS OF RELIGION
• PHILLIP II TRIED TO CRUSH CALVINISM IN THE
NETHERLANDS – ONE OF THE RICHEST PARTS
OF HIS EMPIRE
• NOBLES GREATLY RESISTED HIM
• WHY? - HE TOOK AWAY THEIR PRIVILEGES
• EXAMPLES OF RESISTANCE - ???
• BECAUSE OF THIS PHILLIP II SENT TROOPS IN
TO CRUSH THIS REBELLION AND CALVINISM
• THE DUTCH RESISTED UNDER THE
LEADERSHIP OF WILLIAM THE SILENT THE
PRINCE OF ORANGE
• 12 YEAR TRUCE ENDED THE WAR
7-1 EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE WARS OF RELIGION
7-1 EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE
WARS OF RELIGION
• PHILLIP’S REIGN ENDED IN 1598
• SPAIN HAD THE MOST POPULOUS EMPIRE IN THE
WORLD
• *SPAIN SEEMED TO BE THE GREATEST POWER OF
THE AGE
• BUT WAS IT?
• NO
• 1. TREASURY WAS EMPTY
• 2. BANKRUPT FROM WAR
• 3. HIS SUCCESSOR SPENT MONEY ON HIS COURT
• 4. ARMED FORCES WERE OUT OF DATE
• 5. GOVERNMENT WAS INEFFICIENT
7-1 EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE
WARS OF RELIGION
• THE POWER HAD SHIFTED TO ENGLAND
AND FRANCE
• THE ENGLAND OF ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH TUDOR - 1558
• *THIS KINGDOM BECAME THE LEADER OF
THE PROTESTANT NATIONS OF EUROPE
AND LAID THE FOUNDATIONS FOR A
WORLD EMPIRE
• QUICKLY RESOLVED RELIGIOUS
PROBLEMS
• HOW?
• REPEALED LAWS FAVORING CATHOLICS
7-1 EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE
WARS OF RELIGION
• ACT OF SUPREMACY NAMED ELIZABETH “THE
ONLY SUPREME GOVERNOR” OF BOTH CHURCH
AND STATE
• UNDER ELIZABETH THE CHURCH WAS
PROTESTANT BUT
• MODERATE IN PROTESTANTISM
• WHY?
• *TO KEEP MOST PEOPLE HAPPY
• MODERATE IN FOREIGN POLICY
• WHY?
• SHE BELIEVED THAT WAR WOULD DESTROY
ENGLAND
• TRIED TO PREVENT SPAIN AND FRANCE FROM
BECOMING TOO POWERFUL – HOW?
7-1 EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE
WARS OF RELIGION
• BY SUPPORTING WHICH EVER ONE WAS
WEAKER
• BUT
• FRANCIS DRAKE – ENGLISH NAVIGATOR
ALLOWED TO SEIZE AND PLUNDER
SPANISH SHIPS IN THE CARIBBEAN
• PHILLIP II WANTED TO INVADE ENGLAND
• ADVISORS ASSURED HIM THAT THE
PEOPLE WOULD RISE UP AGAINST THE
QUEEN IF THEY ATTACKED
• 1588 – ARMADA – FLEET OF WARSHIPS
7-1 EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE
WARS OF RELIGION
• PHILLIP’S MANPOWER WAS LOW
• THE SHIPS WERE NO MATCH FOR THE
ENGLISH – FASTER/LONG RANGE GUNS
• THEY BELIEVED THEY WERE FIGHTING FOR
GOD
• SPAIN LOST – RETREATED
• SHIPS WERE POUNDED BY THE ENGLISH
AND STORMS
• MANY SANK
•
http://www.biography.com/people/queen-elizabeth-i-9286133#synopsis
7-1 EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE
WARS OF RELIGION
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
WHO WERE HUGUENOTS?
WHAT DID THE EDICT OF NANTES DO?
WHAT WAS QUEEN ELIZABETH'S VIEW ON
PROTESTANTISM IN ENGLAND? WHY?
WHY DID PHILLIP II FEEL THAT HE COULD
SUCCESSFUL INVADE ENGLAND?
WHY WAS PHILLIP II KNOWN AS THE
“MOST CATHOLIC KING”?
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR AND REVOLUTION
• ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CRISES
• 1560 - 1650
• EUROPE
• INFLATION – RISING PRICES
• WHAT CAUSED THIS?
• 1. LARGE AMOUNT OF GOLD AND
SILVER FROM THE AMERICAS
• GROWING POPULATION
– HIGH DEMAND FOR FOOD AND LAND
– THIS TOO DROVE UP PRICES
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
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EXAMPLES –
SPAIN – ECONOMY WAS FAILING
WHY? –
1. GREW DEPENDENT ON IMPORTED SILVER
2. MINES WERE PRODUCING LESS SILVER
3. SHIPS WERE SUBJECT TO PIRATE ATTACKS
4. LOSS OF MUSLIM AND JEWISH MERCHANTS
ITALY – FINANCIAL CENTER IN THE RENAISSANCE –
WAS ALSO DECLINING
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
• POPULATION DURING THIS TIME
DECLINED
• 1. WARFARE
• 2. PLAGUE
• 3. FAMINE
• *AT FIRST THERE WAS A STEADY
POPULATION INCREASE BUT BY 1650
THERE WAS A DECLINE
• THE WITCHCRAFT TRIALS
• WITCHCRAFT – MAGIC – WAS A PART OF
THE TRADITIONAL VILLAGE CULTURE
• MORE THAN 100,000 PEOPLE HAD BEEN
CHARGED WITH WITCHCRAFT
• THIS BROUGHT ABOUT THE FEAR OF
WITCHES AND THE FEAR OF BEING
ACCUSED.
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
• COMMON PEOPLE – POOR AND
WITHOUT PROPERTY WERE
ACCUSED
• MORE THAN 75% OF WOMEN WERE
ACCUSED
• SINGLE, WIDOWED, OVER 50
• CONFESSED – INTENSE TORTURE
• 1650 THIS BEGAN TO DIE DOWN
• *STABLE
GOVERNMENT/UNREASONABLE
• http://www.history.com/topics/salem-witch-trials
CHAPTER 7-2
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SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
THE THIRTY YEARS’ WAR
CALLED THE “LAST OF THE RELIGIOUS WARS”
WHAT WAS THE ISSUE?
CALVINISM WAS NOT RECOGNIZED BY THE
PEACE OF AUGSBURG 1555
WAR BEGAN IN 1618 IN THE HOLY ROMAN
EMPIRE
HAPSBURG HOLY ROMAN EMPERORS
(CATHOLIC) VS. PROTESTANT NOBLES IN
BOHEMIA
THESE NOBLES REBELLED
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
• *POLITICAL ISSUES CAME INTO PLAY AS WELL
• HOW?
• *CATHOLIC FRANCE & PROTESTANT SWEDEN JOINED
FORCES IN FIGHTING THE CATHOLIC HAPSBURGS
• WHY?
• *PROTESTANTS WERE AFRAID OF THE GROWING
CATHOLIC MOVEMENT AND THE BOURBONS WERE
AFRAID OF THE GROWING HAPSBURG POWER
• SO THIS WAS A VERY DESTRUCTIVE WAR
• ALL EUROPEAN POWERS EXCEPT ENGLAND BECAME
INVOLVED
• ALMOST ALL OF THE WAR WAS FOUGHT ON GERMAN
SOIL
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
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GERMANY WAS DESTROYED
PEACE OF WESTPHALIA
1. OFFICIALLY ENDED THE WAR IN 1648
2. ALL GERMAN STATES INCLUDING THE CALVINIST
ONES, COULD DETERMINE THEIR OWN RELIGION
• 3. ENDED THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
– MORE THAN 300 INDEPENDENT STATES
• MAJOR EUROPEAN POWERS GAINED NEW
TERRITORY
• BUT FRANCE EMERGED AS THE DOMINANT NATION
IN EUROPE
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
• REVOLUTIONS IN ENGLAND
• OTHER WARS AND REBELLIONS TOOK
PLACE IN EUROPE
• ENGLISH REVOLUTION – STRUGGLE
BETWEEN THE KING AND PARLIAMENT TO
DETERMINE WHAT ROLE EACH SHOULD
PLAY IN GOVERNING ENGLAND
• THE STUARTS AND DIVINE RIGHT
• 1603 QUEEN ELIZABTH DIED
• THIS ENDED THE TUDOR DYNASTY
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
• THE STUART LINE OF RULE BEGAN
• ELIZABETH’S COUSIN – KING OF
SCOTLAND
• JAMES I OF ENGLAND
• DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS – KINGS
RECEIVE THEIR POWER FROM GOD
AND ARE RESPONSIBLE ONLY TO GOD
• PARLIAMENT – BELIEVED THAT THEY
AND THE KING RULED TOGETHER
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
• *RELIGION BECAME AN ISSUE AS WELL
• PURITANS – PROTESTANTS IN
ENGLAND – INSPIRED BY JOHN CALVIN
• WANTED THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND TO
BE MORE PROTESTANT
• GENTRY – WEALTHY LANDOWNERS
HAD BECOME PURITANS
• PART OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS –
LOWER HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT
• HOW COULD THIS BECOME A THREAT
TO THE KING?
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
• THIS CONFLICT STARTED UNDER KING
JAMES I
• IT GREW UNDER KING CHARLES I
• 1628 PARLIAMENT PASSED A PETITION
THAT PROHIBITED THE PASSING OF
TAXES WITHOUT PARLIAMENT’S
CONSENT
• AT FIRST CHARLES ACCEPTED
• THEN DID NOT ACCEPT – LIMITED THE
KING’S POWER
• CHARLES I ALSO TRIED TO MAKE THE
CHURCH MORE RITUALISTIC – CATHOLIC
• THOUSANDS OF PURTIANS CHOSE TO GO
TO AMERICA
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
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CIVIL WAR AND THE COMMONWEALTH
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
CAVALIERS VS. ROUNDHEADS
SUPPORTERS OF THE KING VS.
SUPPORTERS OF PARLIAMENT
PARLIAMENT WON – OLIVER CROMWELL
MILITARY GENIUS - WELL DISCIPLINED AND
TRAINED ARMY - NEW MILITARY TACTICS
NEW MODEL ARMY
INDEPENDENTS – EXTREME PURITANS
CROMWELL PURGED PARLIAMENT OF
MEMBERS WHO HAD NOT SUPPORTED HIM
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
• RUMP PARLIAMENT – LEFTOVERS
• HAD CHARLES I KILLED
• ABOLISHED THE MONARCHY AND THE
HOUSE OF LORDS
• COMMONWEALTH - REPUBLIC
• CROMWELL ALSO DISPERSED THE
RUMP PARLIAMENT
• SET UP A MILITARY DICTATORSHIP
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
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THE RESTORATION –
CROMWELL RULED UNTIL HE DIED
CHARLES II CAME TO THE THRONE
CHARLES II – SYMPATHETIC TO
CATHOLICISM
JAMES II – DEVOUT CATHOLIC – HEIR
TO THE THRONE
EXCLUSIONARY BILL – BAR JAMES II
FROM THE THRONE
WHIGS VS. TORIES
WANTED THE EXLUSION VS.
SUPPORTED LAWFUL SUCCESSION
CHAPTER 7-2
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SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
IT WAS STOPPED
HOW?
CHARLES DISMISSED PARLIAMENT IN 1681
WHEN JAMES II TOOK THE THRONE RELIGION
BECAME A PROBLEM AGAIN
PARLIAMENT REJECTED HIM AND HIS VIEWS
OLD – DAUGHTERS WERE PROTESTANT
BUT SON – 2ND WIFE WHO WAS CATHOLIC
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
• A GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
• ENGLISH NOBLES INVITED WILLIAM
OF ORANGE AND MARY (JAME’S)
DAUGHTER TO INVADE ENGLAND
• THEY ACCEPTED AND RAISED AN
ARMY
• JAMES & FAMILY FLED TO FRANCE
• *LITTLE TO NO BLOODSHED
• GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
• THE MAIN ISSUE WAS WHO
WOULD BE MONARCH
• OFFERED TO MARY
• THEY ACCEPTED IT ALONG WITH A
• BILL OF RIGHTS –
• 1. PARLIAMENT’S RIGHT TO MAKE
LAWS & TAX, APPROVE ARMIES
• BALANCED POWER BETWEEN THE
TWO
• 2. CITIZENS COULD KEEP ARMS
AND HAVE JURY TRIALS
• FOUNDATION – CONSTITUTIONAL
MONARCHY
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
• TOLERATION ACT OF 1689 – GRANTED
PURITANS, BUT NOT CATHOLICS, THE
RIGHT TO FREE PUBLIC WORSHIP
• FEW WOULD EVER BE PERSECUTED AGAIN
FOR RELIGION
• *BY DEPOSING ONE KING AND APOINTING
ANOTHER – PARLIAMENT DID AWAY WITH
THE CONCEPT OF DIVINE RIGHTS OF KINGS
• PARLIAMENT ASSERTED ITS RIGHT TO BE A
PART OF THE GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER 7-2
SOCIAL CRISES, WAR, AND REVOLUTION
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
WHAT WAS THE UNDERLYING CAUSE OF
THE THIRTY YEAR’S WAR?
WHAT ENDED THIS WAR AND HOW?
WHO MADE UP GROUP KNOWN AS THE
ROUNDHEADS?
WHAT DID THE TORIES SUPPORT?
HOW DID THE ABOLITION OF THE DIVINE
RIGHT OF KINGS AFFECT PARLIAMENT?
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XIV
• INDIVIDUALS ARE SEEKING STABILITY FROM
ALL OF THE CRISES THROUGHOUT EUROPE
AND
• ABSOLUTISM WAS A RESPONSE TO ALL OF THE
CRISES TAKING PLACE IN EUROPE DURING
THE 17TH CENTURY
• ABSOLUTISM – A SYSTEM IN WHICH A RULER
HOLDS TOTAL POWER
• THIS WAS TIED TO THE DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS
• LOUIS XIV – BEST EXAMPLE OF ABSOLUTISM IN
THE 17TH CENTURY
• HIGH LEVELS OF CULTURE, DIPLOMACY, ETC.
• OTHER COUNTRIES TRIED TO IMITATE FRANCE
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• RICHELIEU AND MAZARIN
• LOUIS XIII AND XIV WERE BOYS
WHEN THEY CAME TO THE THRONE
• ROYAL MINISTERS
• CARDINAL RICHELIEU – LOUIS XIII'S
CHIEF MINISTER, STRENGTHENED
THE POWER OF THE MONARCHY
• HOW?
• 1. HE WAS ABLE TO TAKE AWAY THE
POLITICAL AND MILITARY POWERS
OF THE HUGUENOTS *WHILE
PRESERVING THEIR RELIGIOUS
RIGHTS
• WHY?
• SEEN AS A THREAT TO THE KING
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• 2. SET UP NETWORKS OF SPIES FOR
NOBLE CONSPIRACIES
• LOUIS XIV CAME TO THE THRONE AT
THE AGE OF 4 - 1643
• CARDINAL MAZARIN – TOOK
CONTROL
• REVOLT BY NOBLES – CRUSHED
• UNHAPPY WITH THE GROWING
POWER OF THE MONARCHY
• *MANY NOW SEE THAT STABILITY MAY
ONLY COME WITH A SINGLE LEADER
• LOUIS XIV COMES TO POWER – 23
• HIS MOM FOUND IT LAUGHABLE THAT
HE COULD BE SERIOUS ABOUT THE
KINGSHIP
• WHY?
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• SUN KING - SOURCE OF LIGHT FOR ALL
PEOPLE
• GOVERNMENT AND RELIGION
• ABSOLUTISM - CONTROL OVER POLICY
MAKING
• THE ROYAL COURT AT VERSAILLES –
SERVED 3 PURPOSES
• 1. PERSONAL HOUSEHOLD OF THE KING
• 2. LOCATION OF THE CHIEF OFFICES
• 3. PLACE WHERE POWERFUL SUBJECTS
CAME TO FIND FAVORS AND OFFICES FOR
THEMSELVES
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• *GREATEST DANGERS CAME FROM VERY
HIGH NOBLES AND PRINCES
• THEY FELT LIKE THEY SHOULD HAVE A
ROLE IN GOVERNMENT
• LOUIS REMOVED THEM FROM THE ROYAL
COUNCIL
• THIS WAS THE CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE
BODY OF THE KING – SUPERVISED THE
GOVERNMENT
• *ENTICED NOBLES AND PRINCES IN HIS
COURT WITH COURT LIFE – KEEP THEM
OUT OF POLITICS
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• LOUIS XIV HAD ABSOLUTE AUTHORITY –
FOREIGN POWER, THE CHURCH, TAXES
• HE DID NOT WANT TO SHARE POWER
• *LESS POWER AT THE LOCAL LEVEL
• SO HOW DID HE ENFORCE HIS RULE?
• BRIBERY
• RELIGIOUS HARMONY –
• ANTI-PROTESTANT POLICY
• *CONVERT HUGUENOTS TO CATHOLICISM
• CLOSED AND DESTROYED SCHOOLS AND
CHURCHES
• 200,000 FLED
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
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THE ECONOMY AND WAR
POOR ECONOMY – FINANCIAL CRISIS
WHY?
PALACES, MAINTAINING THE COURT, WARS
JEAN BAPTISTE COLBERT – CONTROLLERGENERAL OF FINANCES
• MERCANTILISM – INCREASE WEALTH AND
POWER
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
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SPECIFICS1. DECREASE IMPORTS & INCREASE EXPORTS
2. GRANTED SUBSIDIES TO NEW INDUSTRIES
3. BUILT ROADS AND CANALS
4. RAISED TARIFFS ON FOREIGN GOODS
5. CREATED A MERCHANT MARINE TO CARRY
FRENCH GOODS
• LOUIS XIV CREATED A STANDING ARMY OF
400,000
• WHERE HAVE YOU SEEN THESE IDEAS?
• HOW ARE THEY RELATED TO THE ECONOMIC
IDEAS OF TODAY?
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• LOUIS XIV WANTED TO ACHIEVE FULL DOMINATION
OVER EUROPE FOR HIS DYNASTY
• *WAGED 4 WARS TO GAIN MORE TERRITORY FOR
FRANCE
• COALITIONS WERE FORMED AGAINST HIM
• WHAT WAS HIS LEGACY?
• 1. KNOWN AS THE SUN KING
• 2. LEFT FRANCE WITH GREAT DEBT
• 3. MANY ENEMIES
• ADVICE TO HIS GREAT GRANDSON - ????
•
http://www.biography.com/people/louis-xiv-9386885/videos/louis-xiv-mini-biography126127171698
• ABSOLUTISM IN CENTRAL & EASTERN EUROPE
• NO GERMAN STATE – 300 SMALL STATES
• PRUSSIA AND AUSTRIA – GREAT POWERS
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• PRUSSIA – FREDERICK WILLIAM THE GREAT
ELECTOR
• OPEN TERRITORY – NO NATURAL
DEFENSES
• WHAT ARE NATURAL DEFENSES?
• BUILT A LARGE ARMY
• 40,000
• GENERAL WAR COMMISSARIAT
• 1. LEVY TAXES
• 2. OVERSEE THE GROWTH
• EVOLVED INTO A CIVIL GOV. AGENCY – *THIS
BECAME THE ELECTOR’S CHIEF
INSTRUMENT TO GOVERN THE STATE
• HIS SON ELECTOR FREDERICK III BECAME
KING FREDERICK I
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• THE NEW AUSTRIAN EMPIRE
• HAPSBURGS – HAD CONTROLLED THE
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
• THEY CREATED A NEW EMPIRE IN EASTERN
AND SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE
• AUSTRIA, CZECH REPUBLIC, AND
HUNGARY
• DID NOT BECOME AN ABSOLUTIST AND
HIGHLY CENTRALIZED STATE
• WHY?
• SO MANY DIFFERENT NATIONAL GROUPS
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• SO WHAT WERE THEY?
• *A COLLECTION OF TERRITORIES
HELD TOGETHER BY THE HAPSBURG
EMPEROR
• NO COMMON SENTIMENT HELD ANY
OF THE AREAS TOGETHER
• THEY HAD THEIR OWN LAWS AND
POLITICAL LIFE
• *ONLY COMMONALITY – SERVICE TO
THE HAPSBURGS
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• RUSSIA
• IVAN IV – 1ST RULERTO TAKE THE
TITLE OF CZAR
• EXPANDED RUSSIAN TERRITORY
EAST
• CRUSHED THE POWER OF THE
RUSSIAN NOBILITY – BOYARS
• IVAN THE TERRIBLE – RUTHLESS
• HOW RUTHLESS WAS HE?
• HIS DYNASTY ENDED IN 1598 –
ANARCHY – TIME OF TROUBLES
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• ENDED – WHEN THE NATIONAL
ASSEMBLY CHOSE MICHEAL
ROMANOV – TO BE THE NEW CZAR
1613
• THIS DYNASTY LASTED UNTIL 1917
• MOST PROMINENT – PETER THE
GREAT
• 1689 – ABOLUTIST – DIVINE RIGHT
OF KINGS
• WANTED TO WESTERNIZE RUSSIA
• TECHNOLOGY – MODERNIZED ARMY
AND NAVY
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
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MILITARY AND GOVERNMENTAL CHANGES
1. REORGANIZE THE ARMY
2. RUSSIAN & EUROPEAN OFFICERS
3. DRAFTED PEASANTS – 25 YEAR STINTS
4. FORMED THE 1ST RUSSIAN NAVY
5. DIVIDED RUSSIA INTO PROVINCES
“POLICE STATE” – WELL ORDERED
COMMUNITY GOVERNED BY LAW
• WANTED HIS OFFICIALS TO HAVE AN
HONEST SENSE OF CIVIC DUTY
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• HE WENT ABOUT IT THE WRONG WAY
• EX. – …”YOU WILL PAY WITH YOUR HEAD IF
YOU INTERPRET ORDERS AGAIN.”
• HOW CAN HIS ADMINISTRATION BE SLAVE
AND FREE AT THE SAME TIME?
• CULTURAL CHANGES
• CUSTOMS, PRACTICES, AND MANNERS
• 1ST RUSSIAN BOOK OF ETIQUETTE –
WESTERN MANNERS
• RUSSIAN BEARDS SHAVED & COATS
SHORTENED
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
• UPPER CLASS WOMEN – GAINED A LOT
FROM THESE REFORMS
• 1. REMOVED THEIR VEILS
• 2. SOCIAL MIXES FOR MEN AND WOMEN –
DANCING & CONVERSATION
• ST. PETERSBURG
• PETER WANTED TO MAKE RUSSIA A GREAT
STATE AND MILITARY POWER
• OPEN A WINDOW TO THE WEST – PORT
WITH READY ACCESS TO EUROPE
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
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BALTIC SEA
SWEDEN CONTROLLED THE COAST
WAR – GOT PETER THE LAND
WITH AN INVASION OF SWEDEN THE NISTADT
PEACE TREATY WAS SIGNED IN 1721
THE SWEDES LOST CONTROL OF THE TERRITORY
AFTER 21 YEARS OF FIGHTING THE RUSSIANS
1703 – STARTED CONSTRUCTING ST. PETERSBURG
REMAINED THE RUSSIAN CAPITAL UNTIL 1918
http://www.biography.com/people/peter-the-great9542228#synopsis
CHAPTER 7-3 ABSOLUTISM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
WHAT IS ABSOLUTISM?
HOW DID JEAN BAPTISTE COLBERT TRY TO
INCREASE WEALTH AND POWER IN FRANCE?
DESCRIBE THE RULE OF IVAN IV.
WHAT WERE TWO CHANGES THAT PETER THE
GREAT MADE CULTURALLY AFTER VISITING
EUROPE?
WHAT PROBLEMS DID THE HAPSBURGS
ENCOUNTER WHILE TRYING TO CREATE A NEW
AUSTRIAN EMPIRE?
CHAPTER 7-4
EUROPEAN CULTURE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
POLITICAL THOUGHT
17TH CENTURY
HOW TO RESOLVE ORDER AND POWER CONFLICTS?
2 ENGLISH THINKERS
THOMAS HOBBES & JOHN LOCKE
HOBBES –
LEVIATHAN – POLITICAL THOUGHT – DISORDER
BEFORE ORGANIZED SOCIETY – SOLITARY, POOR,
NASTY, BRUTISH
CHAPTER 7-4
EUROPEAN CULTURE
• WHY?
• HUMANS WERE NOT GUIDED BY REASON AND
MORAL IDEAS
• BUT BY A RUTHLESS STRUGGLE FOR SELF
PRESERVATION
• IN ORDER TO KEEP PEOPLE FROM DESTROYING
THEMSELVES THEY SET UP A
• SOCIAL CONTRACT – PEOPLE AGREED TO
FORMED A STATE AND BE GOVERNED BY AN
ABSOLUTE RULER WHO HAD UNLIMITED POWER
• SUPPRESS REBELLION – NEEDED TO PRESERVE
SOCIETY
CHAPTER 7-4
EUROPEAN CULTURE
• JOHN LOCKE –
• TWO TREATISE OF GOVERNMENT
• *AGAINST THE ABSOLUTE RULE OF ONE
PERSON
• BEFORE AN ORGANIZED SOCIETY –
PEOPLE LIVED IN A STATE OF EQUALITY
AND FREEDOM RATHER THAN A STATE OF
WAR
• IN THE NATURAL STATE – NATURAL RIGHTS
– BORN WITH – LIFE, LIBERTY, PROPERTY
CHAPTER 7-4
EUROPEAN CULTURE
• PROBLEMS – IT WAS HARD FOR PEOPLE TO
PROTECT THEIR NATURAL RIGHTS
• *THIS WAS THE CAUSE FOR AN
ESTABLISHED GOVERNMENT
• CONTRACT BETWEEN PEOPLE AND
GOVERNMENT HAD MUTUAL OBLIGATIONS
• * 1. GOV. WOULD PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF
THE PEOPLE
• 2. PEOPLE WOULD ACT REASONABLY
TOWARDS THE GOVERNMENT
• NOTE - *IF THE GOV. FAILED,THE PEOPLE
HAD THE RIGHT TO FORM A NEW
GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER 7-4
EUROPEAN CULTURE
• PEOPLE – LANDHOLDING ARISTOCRACY
• NOT AN ADVOCATE FOR DEMOCRACY
• THESE IDEAS WERE USED TO SUPPORT
DEMANDS FOR
• 1. CONSTITUTIONAL GOV.
• 2. THE RULE OF LAW
• 3. THE PROTECTION OF RIGHTS
• *IDEAS CAN BE FOUND IN THE:
• 1. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
• 2. CONSTITUTION
CHAPTER 7-4
EUROPEAN CULTURE
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE
POLITICAL IDEAS OF HOBBES AND
LOCKE.