Transcript The French Revolution and Napoleon

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Today’s Lesson
Agenda
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Vocabulary
PowerPoint Notes
Part I of Video about
French Rev (30 min)
Outcomes
You will…
• Identify the causes of the
French Revolution
• Explain/anticipate why
French citizens felt the need
to change conditions in
France
What you will need for today’s lesson
Download App- Merriam-Webster Dictionary
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Go to the “Euro Classwork” page
Download the French Revolution Notes
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Vocabulary
Term
Definition
Courtiers
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Proletariat
Bourgeoisie
Assembly
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Deputy
Orator
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Despotism
Bastille
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Sans-coulettes
those in attendance at a royal court, often to entertain or
bring concerns to a monarchy
the lower class of society
the middle class in a society
a legislative body; the gathering of a political or social
group
a member of the legislative assembly
one distinguished for skill and power and a public
speaker
a system of government in which the ruler has unlimited
power
a fortress (castle fortified for public defense) in Paris
used as a state prison and armory
an extreme radical republican in France at the time of
the Revolution; known for not wearing knee britches of
the aristocracy
The American Revolution
A Review
Why did Great Britain want to
increase taxes in the 13 colonies?
A) The goal of taxation was to repress the colonists,
who were growing increasingly violent toward
Britain
B) The goal of taxation was the pay for the Seven
Years War, which the British won against the
French
C) The goal of taxation was to pay for expansion
settlements west of the Mississippi
D) The goal of taxation was to pay for a new palace
for the king
This new tax lead to riots and increased
resistance to British control
A. Stamp Act
B. Crown Tax
C. Import Act
D. Arms Tax
One of the principal concerns prior to the
American Revolution was
A) Forced quartering of British soldiers
B) Increased violence with the Native
Americans
C) Taxation without representation
D) Slavery
This document proclaimed that the colonies were
free from the British crown and guaranteed the
natural rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness to all men.
A) U.S. Constitution
B) Declaration of the Rights of Man and
Citizen
C) Bill of Rights
D) Declaration of Independence
Which country supplied arms,
money and soldiers to Washington’s
Continental Army?
A. Germany
B. France
C. Austria
D. Spain
Impact of the American
Revolution on Europe
What did the American Revolution show
regarding Enlightenment ideas?
Enlightenment ideas were not just meaningless
discussions of intellectuals
The ideas of freedom of religion, press,
separation of powers were practical and real
People can create new social contracts when
their old government isn’t working
The French Revolution and Napoleon
Background to the French Revolution
Long Range Cause= Inequality in society
Social Structure of the Old Regime
• But differences btwn nobility
and bourgeoisie were closing.
• Many bourgeoisie just as
wealthy as nobility
• Upset bc they don’t have as
much power in the gov’t
First Estate
clergy 2% of pop.
(own 10% of land)
Second Estate
nobility 1% of pop.
(own 25-30% of land)
Third Estate
Commoners 97% of pop (own 60-65% of land)
Proletariat (peasants)
Bourgeoisie (middle class)- Skilled artisans, shopkeepers
Other Problems Facing the French Monarchy
Political grievances-privileges of the clergy and
nobility
Bad harvests causing food shortages
Enlightenment- Ideas of philosophes caused
increased criticism of social structures
Financial Crisis (immediate cause of Revolution)
Broke Government
• Due to wars and royal extravagance
Inflation
• Rise in prices without rise in wages= Decline in purchasing power
• Poverty
Challenge Question: Think, Pair, Share
Considering the ideas of the philosophes
and the problems in France, what do you
think the French Revolution will attempt to
change?
Political Disagreement
Summoning of the Estates General
Parliament made up of representatives from the three estates
Hadn’t met in 173 years
• Goal to solve financial crisis (ineffective)
Disagreements on voting structure
• Vote by order- benefitted 1st and 2nd Estate
• Vote by head- benefitted 3rd Estate
Unable to agree, 3rd Estate delegates form the National
Assembly
• Locked out of meeting place, met on Tennis Court
• Tennis Court Oaths
 National Assembly would continue to meet until they
created a French Constitution
Intervention of the Common People
Attack on the Bastille
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Summary of video thus far:
In 1774, King Louis XVI inherited the French throne
France was in financial crisis
Taxes were rising
A huge percentage of the population was suffering from starvation
Marie Antoinette is unpopular with citizens because of her
spending and inability to provide an heir to the throne.
Recall from notes
At a meeting of the Estates-General in 1789, the Third
Estate revolted and formed the National Assembly
With the “Tennis Court Oaths” the Third Estate demanded the
formation of a Constitutional Monarchy to provide them with more
political representation
Facing repression from the crown, hundreds of French
citizens destroyed the Bastille in July of 1789
Destruction of the Old Regime
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Charter of basic liberties
• freedom of speech and press
• Right to take part in legislative process
Reflected ideas of Enlightenment and American
Declaration of Independence
Written by National Assembly to destroy tradition of
aristocratic privilege (tax exemption, high gov’t office)
Main Actions of the Revolution
Louis XVI forced to accept the “Declaration of the Rights of
Man and of the Citizen” when an angry mob of women storm
Versailles
Established limited monarchy in France
Maximillian Robespierre assumed a major leadership role in the
French Revolution
The more radical faction of the Revolution, known as the
Jacobins, assumed power
Many French commoners took to the streets to demand change;
the monarchs tried to escape but were driven back to Paris in
1791 to face trial
Republic established in France.
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The Reign of Terror & Its Aftermath
Committee of Public Safety and Reign of Terror
Dictatorship of 12 men; Robespierre leader
Goal to restore order, but radical faction seized control
Enemies of revolution executed (approx. 50,000)
“Dechristianization” and a New Calendar
New calendar
Decline of the Committee of Public Safety
Execution of Maximilien Robespierre, July 28, 1794
In 1799 the revolutionary phase was officially over as
Napoleon seized power
Reflection Question
Socrative Student Short Response
Include your NAME!!!!!!!!!
Do you think the violence of the French
Revolution was justified by their goal to
achieve a better society?
Legacies of French Revolution:
• rights of man
• Democracy
• ability to change history and form a new government
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Agenda
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Go over IP
French Revolution summary group work
Napoleon Notes
Napoleon Reading- hero or tyrant
Hero or Tyrant group work
IP- Enlightenment/French Revolution Study Guide
Napoleon: An Overview
Military genius
Emperor of France
Acquired control of most of mainland of Europe by
conquest or alliance until his disastrous invasion of Russia
in 1812
Brought an end to the French Revolution
But considered himself the Son of the Revolution
Age of Napoleon
Rise of Napoleon
Born in Corsica in 1769 shortly after it was annexed by France
Received a military education
• Read works of the philosophes (Rousseau)
• Studied campaigns of great military leaders (Alexander the
Great, Charlemagne)
Military Career
• Promoted quickly through the military (general at 25)
• Saved National Convention from a Parisian mob
• Defeated Austrians in 1797
Napoleon in Control: The Republic
and the Empire
Coup d’etat,1799 (overthrow of gov’t by force)
Formed a new republic
• Constitution
• Legislative Assembly
• Executive power through 3 Consuls (1st had most power)
Napoleon became First Consul, 1799
First Consul for life, 1802
Crowned Emperor Napoleon I, 1804
• Satisfied his enormous ego but also provided a needed stability
for France
Pros of Napoleon’s Domestic Policies
Reestablished the Catholic Church in France
• But Catholicism was not established as the state religion,
which allowed France some religious freedom
Napoleonic Code (Civil Code)
 Preserved most of the revolutionary gains
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Equality of all citizens before the law
Right to choose one’s own profession
Religious toleration
Abolition of serfdom
The French Bureaucracy
• Centralized administration
• Tax collection more efficient
Cons of Napoleon’s Domestic Policies
Equality of Revolution lost
Created new aristocracy based on merit
Strongly protected property rights
Censorship
82% of newspapers were closed
Manuscripts had to be submitted to the government before
publishing
Mail opened by police
Police State
Napoleon’s Grand Empire
Napoleonic Wars
Overtook most major European countries aside from Britain
In conquered areas:
• Destroyed old order: nobility and clergy lost privileges
• Spread revolutionary principles like equality and religious toleration
 Led to the development of liberal traditions in these countries
Fall of Napoleon
Failure of the Grand Empire
Problems: Great Britain and Nationalism
• Survival of Britain
 Seapower
• Nationalism
 French oppression aroused national pride, which resulted in
uprising
Fall of Napoleon Continued…
Napoleon’s invasion of Russia, 1812
Came to Russia with 600,000 men, left with 40,00
• Russia’s scorched earth policy
 Russian forces retreated from French army, they burned all
countryside they passed
 Left no food, supplies, or shelter from the cold for pursuing
French army
• Russian winter
 Lack of shelter lead to high death tolls due to frostbite
Led of war of liberation all over Europe
Napoleon Defeated
Exiled to Elba
Bourbon monarchy restored in France
King had little support, Napoleon escaped in to
France, retook control
Raised another army to attack British and
Prussian army at Waterloo
• Defeated again
Exile to St. Helena
Small Island in the South Pacific
Bourbon Monarchy restored
• Louis XVIII became king
Discussion Questions
What role did the Enlightenment play in the
American and French revolutions?
After becoming a constitutional monarch, how did
Louis XVI’s actions affect the French revolution?
What changes in society were brought about by
the French Revolution?
Examine Napoleon’s rise to power. What lasting
changes did his reign have on Europe?
Web Links
American Revolution
French Revolution
Estates-General
Louis XVI
Reign of Terror
Robespierre
Napoleonic Code
Duke of Wellington