Transcript World War I

1
Day 1 Ch. 16
• "There is no such thing as bravery only degrees
of fear“
▫ J.Wainright
• Imp Q's–
▫ What caused World War I?
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SL 1-7
Crossword Puzzle,
Assassination creative writing,
Flow of events chart
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World War I
1914 - 1918
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The Great War
• World War I was fought around the world and
was also the most destructive war that the world
had ever seen. During its on time it was referred
to as The Great War, and was called that until
WWII.
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What Caused the War?
Long Term Causes
1. Militarism
▫
Building up armed forces and
getting ready for war
2. Alliances
▫
Agreements or promises to
defend and help another
country
3. Imperialism
▫
Trying to build an empire
4. Nationalism
▫
Having Pride in your country
and being ready to defend it
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Short Term Cause
• The assassination of
Archduke Ferdinand
▫ Franz Ferdinand was
the heir to the Austrian
Hungarian Throne
▫ In 1914 He was touring
Bosnia, which Austria
had annexed
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Important terms of The Assassination
• Black Hand – A Serbian Terrorist group who
was fighting to protect its nation from Austrian
expansion.(They wanted Bosnia to be part of a
Serbian kingdom )
• Gavrilo Princip – a young Serbian Nationalist
who assassinated the Austrian Crown Prince
• The Balkans – called “the powder keg” of Europe
because one spark might explode the whole
region to war
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Flow of Events
• Germany writes Austria a “blank check” saying that they
will support them fully
• Austria gives Serbia an Ultimatum- List of Demands
• Serbia does not meet the demands
• Austria attacks Serbia
• Russia mobilizes its army
• Germany declares war on France and Russia
• Germany sends ultimatum to Belgium demanding the
right for its troops to pass through Belgium
• Great Britain then declares war on Germany for violating
Belgium's’ neutrality.
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Day 2
• With what vegetable do you throw away the
outside, cook the inside, eat the outside, and
throw away the inside?
• Imp Q's–
▫ What caused World War I?
▫ Who fought in the war?
• SL 8 -12
• Causes Graphic Organizer
• Map of alliances
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Who fought in the War?
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Who fought in the war?
• The war was truly a worldwide war because of
the colonies that the European countries held.
▫ Colonies sent troops to fight for the “Mother” country
▫ Ex: Canadians & S. Africans fought for the British
• Central Powers / Triple Alliance – AustriaHungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
• Allied Powers/ Triple Entente – France, Russia,
Great Britain, and later the U.S.
(Italy)
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War Strategy
• Because Germany was surrounded by enemies
they had to fight a two front war
• Schleiffen Plan
▫ Germany’s strategy to stay in a holding pattern
with Russia, while it devoted most of its resources
to quickly defeating France
▫ Named after German general Alfred Von
Schlieffen
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New Weapons used in World War I
• Machine Gun
▫ Trench Warfare
 Tanks
 Poison Gas
 Grenades
 Flame throwers
 Planes
• Submarine (U-boats)
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Day 3
• "Speaking without thinking is like shooting
without taking aim"
▫ Spanish Proverb
• Imp Q's–
▫ How was the war fought?
▫ What did the Russian Rev. pertain to WWI?
• SL 13-22
• Trench Warfare Diagram and Strategy activity
• Lenin Handout (Bloody Sunday)
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A new style of fighting
• To counter the deadly
effects of the machine
gun, a new style of
fighting was adopted
during WWI called
Trench Warfare
• Trench Warfare is when
an army digs trenches
and fights the opposing
army from them.
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Diagram of Trench Warfare
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Two major theatres of Battle
• Western Front
▫ The most fierce battle
of WWI took place on
the borders of France
and Germany
• Eastern Front
▫ The borders of
Germany and Russia
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Images of WW I
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Five major battles of the war
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Marne
2nd Marne
Somme
Verdun
Tannenberg
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Russia drops out of the War
• Because of a revolution and change of
government back home, Russia has to drop out
of the war in 1917
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
▫ A treaty between Russia and Germany where
Russia gave up a lot of land to Germany in return
for a peaceful exit from the war. (Poland, etc.)
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The Russian Revolution
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Why did Russia have a Revolution
during a war?
• Russia had a high peasant population and was a very
poor country compared to Britain, France, and German
because they weren’t industrialized.
• The People had to sacrifice a lot during the war
• Soldiers lacked necessary equipment and were
undertrained
▫ Some soldiers were even sent into battle without guns
and instructed to pick one up from a dead comrade
• Peasants protested to the Czar to improve living
conditions
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Important people of the Russian
Rev.
• Romanov's – Royal Family of Russia
• Czar Nicolas II – Leader of Russians
• Anastasia – Grand duchess of Russia (daughter of Czar
Nicholas II). Legend has it that she escaped from the
assassination of her family.
• Rasputin – Mysterious Advisor to Czarina Alexandra
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Important terms of the Russian
Revolution
• Bolsheviks – A political party in
Russia that was dedicated to
violent revolution in Russia.
• Were influenced by the theories of
Karl Marx and would later
become the Communists
• “Peace Land and Bread”
▫ Popular Bolshevik Campaign
slogan
• V.I. Lenin – Leader of the
Bolsheviks
• Bloody Sunday- Peaceful Protests
turn violent. Czars forces kill
many unarmed civilians
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Day 4
• DQ: What relationship does war have with
money? Why are nations that have more of it at
an advantage?
• Imp Q's–
▫ Why (When, How) did America get involved in the
conflict?
• SL 23 – 30
• Zimmerman Note
• Lusitania handout
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How did the U.S. get involved?
• The Sinking of the Lusitania
▫
In 1915 A German U-boat sank a British passenger liner killing over 1,000 people
including 128 Americans. Germany accused the British of transporting arms on
civilian ships
• The Zimmerman Note
▫ The British intercepted a telegram from the German foreign minister to the
Mexican President. In the note, the Germans promised to help Mexico to regain
territory lost in the Mexican- American war, if they went to war against the U.S.
• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
▫ Despite the Sussex pledge, the Germans resumed its policy of sinking all foreign
ships entering enemy ports and sunk three more American ships. As a result
President Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany
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The Home Front
• There was strong anti-war feelings in the
U.S., many thought that it wasn’t our war
to fight.
• Nevertheless, after Germany kept
sinking American ships, public opinion
changed and citizens diligently
supported the war effort.
• With millions of young men going to the
frontlines in Europe, Women stepped in
to fill factory jobs.
• This opened the door for women to work
outside the home.
• 19TH Amendment (Constitution)
▫ Women gained the right to vote
• Total War
▫ When a nation devotes all its resources
and people to the war effort
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What Impact did the U.S have on
the War? (CONT.)
• Over a million Fresh American troops and important
American resources poured into Europe by the end of
1917 and 1918
• American forces were vital to breaking the German’s
lines. (Especially since Russia was out of the war and
Germany only had to fight a one front war).
• At the Second Battle of the Marne, American, French,
and British forces stopped the last German offensive and
drove the German’s back.
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The End of the War
• With the addition of the U.S. and Russia out of the war
both alliances attempted to break the Stalemate on the
Western Front.
• This led to a series of German offensives in March of
1918. (Second Battle of the Marne)
• French, and American forces stopped the German
advance and The allies started driving the Germans back
• While the German army was retreating, the German
economy collapsed and could no longer support the war.
• In September 1918, Germany asks for armistice so a
peace settlement could be reached.
▫ Armistice- agreement to stop fighting
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Important People
• Paul Von Hindenburg
▫ Top German general
• Eric Ludendorff
▫ Top German field Command
• Alvin C. York
▫ U.S. soldier who won the Medal of Honor
• George Pershing
▫ Top U.S. General
• Adolf Hitler
▫ German Soldier
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Woodrow Wilson and Fourteen
Points
• Woodrow Wilson was
the President of the
U.S during WWI
• In his Fourteen
points, he outlined
his plan for peace
following WW I.
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Main Topics of Fourteen Points
• A league of nations to
mediate differences
between nations.
• Respect rights of
Neutral nations.
• Self Determination
• Open Seas
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Day 5
• "It is better to deserve honors not have them
than to have honors and not deserve them“
▫ M. Twain
• Imp Q's
▫ What were the major battles?
▫ How did the war end?
• Battle Packet – Handouts of 5 major battles
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Day 6
• Two men play 5 games of checkers Both of them
win 3 games each, and there are no ties. How?
• Imp Q's–
▫ What was the treaty of Versailles?
▫ What were effects of the war?
• SL 33 – 40
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The peace process
• After Germany
surrendered, leaders
from the major countries
met in Paris France at the
Palace of Versailles.
▫ (1919)
• This event ended WWI
and became known as the
Treaty of Versailles
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The Big Four
• Woodrow Wilson
(USA)
• David L. George
(Britain)
• Georges Clemenceu
(France)
• Vittorio Orlando
(Italy)
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The Treaty of Versailles
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The treaty of Versailles had six main components:
1) Germany had to pay war reparations to the allies
2) Germany was stripped of all its overseas colonies
3) Germany had to sign a war guilt clause
4) Germany, Austria- Hungary, and the Ottoman
Empire all lost territory
• 5) League of Nations was created.
• 6). Germany’s military was limited to 100,000 men.
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The Casualties of the War
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Effects of the War
• As a result Of WW I
almost 10 million
people lost their lives.
• It is often called the
lost generation
because most of the
one who died was
between the ages of
18 – 25.
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Effects continued
• New nations were
created out of
German, Austrian,
Russian, and
Ottoman lands.
• (Compare to the
Europe map in 1914)
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Effects continued
• Although the peace
terms were set it was
a bitter peace and
would lead to a more
devastating war, not
even 20 years later.
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Day 7
• "I can sum up everything that I have learned
about life in three words… it goes on“
▫ Robert Frost
• Ch 16 Test