Transcript Review 3x - Lyons

Renaissance & First Global Age
Review 3
Practice Questions come from 2010-2014
Renaissance Europe
• Began in Italy due to coast for trade, Byzantine monks fled from
Constantinople bringing Greek/Roman ideas
• Humanism – new way of thinking that emphasized
reasoning and logic; new secular interests
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Protestant Reformation
Scientific Revolution
Commercial Revolution
Age of Exploration
Enlightenment
• Art that moves away from purely religious themes – Leonardo da Vinci
(Mona Lisa, inventor and artist), Michelangelo (Sistine Chapel), Botticelli
(Birth of Venus) – depicting nudes, human anatomy, portraiture – use oil
and linear perspective (Brunelleschi)
• Vernacular literature replaces solely in Latin (Shakespeare)
Jan 2010
Humanism during the Italian Renaissance was
focused on
(1) the affairs of the church
(2) self-sufficiency
(3) the importance of the individual
(4) political theories
June 2010
• Focus on individual achievement
• Use of classical Greek and Roman ideas
• Artistic works of Leonardo da Vinci
Which time period is most closely associated with
these characteristics?
(1) Hellenistic Golden Age
(2) Early Middle Ages
(3) European Renaissance
(4) Scientific Revolution
Aug 2010
Which geographic factor contributed to the rise
of the Renaissance in Italian city-states?
(1) mountainous terrain of the Alps
(2) location near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea
(3) navigable waters of the Danube River
(4) ease of travel on the Northern European Plain
June 2011
What was one ideal of Renaissance humanism?
(1) training as a knight and practicing chivalry
(2) obeying divine right monarchs and the church
(3) living apart from the world and taking monastic vows
(4) investigating areas of interest and fulfilling one’s potential
Aug 2011
One reason the Renaissance began in Italy was that
Italian city-states
(1) defeated the Spanish Armada
(2) were unified as a nation under the Pope
(3) were unaffected by the Commercial Revolution
(4) dominated key Mediterranean trade routes
Aug 2012
During the Renaissance, humanist philosophers
emphasized the importance of
(1) individualism
(2) absolutism
(3) religious salvation
(4) technological advancements
Jan 2013
• The world view shifted from other-worldly to secular.
• Greek and Roman ideas were revived.
• Improvements were made to the printing press.
Which occurrence is most closely associated with these aspects of the
Renaissance?
(1) Gothic cathedrals became the focal point of town activities.
(2) Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope.
(3) Galileo Galilei published information about a heliocentric universe.
(4) Emperors used the Twelve Tables to bring about Pax Romana.
Aug 2013
A reason the Renaissance began in the Italian citystates was that they
(1) rejected the power of the papacy
(2) were unified by Garibaldi
(3) had wealth gained from trade with Constantinople
(4) prevented guilds from functioning
Jan 2013
The economic wealth of Calicut, Mogadishu, and
Venice in the 13th century was primarily
dependent on their
(1) fertile soil
(2) iron ore
(3) gold mines
(4) coastal locations
Jan 2014
Which philosophy that was developed during
the Renaissance is associated with a shift in
focus away from religious subjects toward more
secular subjects?
(1) humanism
(2) absolutism
(3) communism
(4) scholasticism
Protestant
Reformation
• Martin Luther wrote 95
Thesis to protest corruption
of Catholic Church –
especially indulgences.
• Gutenberg’s printing press
helps spread it.
• John Calvin –
predestination
• Henry VIII – Act of
Supremacy
• Reformation will cause a
permanent split (schism) in
Christianity
Counter-Reformation will try
to bring people back to
Catholic Church: end
indulgences at Council of
Trent, Inquisitions for heresy
(Isabella/Ferdinand), creates
Jesuits, Index of banned books
Jan 2010
Which individual’s work had the greatest impact
on the spread of Martin Luther’s ideas?
(1) Galileo Galilei
(2) Niccolò Machiavelli
(3) William Shakespeare
(4) Johannes Gutenberg
June 2010
Which change to Christian church practice was
suggested by Martin Luther?
(1) increasing the sale of indulgences
(2) installing statues of saints in churches
(3) saying the mass in Latin so the faithful would learn it
(4) printing the Bible in the vernacular so all could read it
Aug 2010
Which action led most directly to divisions in Christianity in
western Europe?
(1) Pope Urban II calling for the Crusades
(2) King John signing the Magna Carta
(3) German cities establishing the Hanseatic League
(4) Martin Luther posting the Ninety-five Theses
Jan 2012
One impact Gutenberg’s printing press had on
western Europe was
(1) the spread of Martin Luther’s ideas
(2) a decrease in the number of universities
(3) a decline in literacy
(4) the unification of the Holy Roman Empire
June 2012
Speaker A: The chief problem with the Roman Catholic Church is the practice
of selling indulgences. The only way for Christians to receive salvation is
through faith alone.
Speaker B: If Christians want to be saved, they should perform good deeds
and ask for forgiveness of sins. The granting of indulgences allows Christians
to be excused for their sins.
Speaker C: It is true that the Bible, and not members of the clergy, is the
ultimate source of religious truth. However, God has already decided who will
be saved and who will not.
Speaker D: Since the Pope does not agree with my position, I have decided to
separate from the Roman Catholic Church. I am now not only the head of
England but also of the Anglican Church.
15 Which speaker most closely reflects the ideas of Martin Luther?
16 Which speaker best supports the idea of predestination taught by John
Calvin?
Aug 2012
Which statement about the Protestant Reformation is an opinion
rather than a fact?
(1) German princes revolted against the Holy Roman Emperor.
(2) Membership in the Catholic Church declined in northern
Europe.
(3) European religious unity was disrupted by the newly
established religions.
(4) Henry VIII led a stronger religious reform movement than
Martin Luther did.
June 2013
One way in which Martin Luther’s Ninety-five
Theses and Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy are
similar is that both
(1) emphasize the importance of the Bible
(2) caused the Thirty Years War
(3) challenge the authority of the Catholic Church
(4) helped to unify Christendom
Jan 2010
One way in which the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and
the Versailles Conference (1918–1919) are similar is that
they both attempted to
(1) restore stability after a period of conflict or disorder
(2) address economic concerns by lowering tariffs
(3) defend human rights by establishing written codes of
law
(4) encourage cultural development through the creation
of universities
Jan 2014
One result of the Protestant Reformation was
(1) fewer challenges to Church authority
(2) a decline in religious unity in western Europe
(3) the disbanding of the Jesuit order
(4) a weakening of the Inquisition
Aug 2013
Which situation was a direct challenge to the
political and religious authority of the Catholic
Church?
(1) passage of the Act of Supremacy under Henry VIII
(2) death sentence given to Joan of Arc
(3) Reconquista of Spain conducted by Ferdinand and
Isabella
(4) establishment of the Jesuit order under Ignatius
Loyola
Thematic – Jan 2012
Theme: Change—Individuals
Throughout history, various circumstances have led individuals to develop or
modify ideas. These ideas have often affected societies
Task:
Select two individuals from your study of global history and for each
• Describe the historical circumstances that led this individual to develop or modify an
idea
• Explain an action taken by this individual as a result of this idea
• Discuss how this individual’s idea affected a society
You may use any individual from your study of global history and geography.
Some suggestions you might wish to consider include Pericles, Martin Luther,
Queen Elizabeth I,
Scientific Revolution
• Change from science based on faith and Bible
to experimentation
• Francis Bacon – scientific method
• Copernicus – heliocentric model of universe
• Galileo – proved Copernicus right with
telescope, will be charged with heresy
• Isaac Newton – calculus and laws of motion
Aug 2010
Which pair of ideas were central to the Scientific
Revolution?
(1) social stability and economic self-sufficiency
(2) observation and experimentation
(3) technology and military expansion
(4) scarcity and interdependence
Jan 2012
Jan 2010
Which statement about the Scientific Revolution in Europe is
accurate?
(1) The existence of natural laws was rejected.
(2) Scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the universe.
(3) New ideas supported the geocentric theory of Ptolemy.
(4) The Bible was used to justify new scientific findings.
June 2012
Galileo Galilei and Sir Issac Newton are most
closely associated with
(1) initiating religious reforms
(2) leading political revolutions
(3) conducting investigative experiments
(4) engaging in foreign conquests
Aug 2012
Aug 2013
One way in which the contributions of Copernicus, Galileo, and
Newton are similar is that each
(1) challenged the heliocentric theory of the universe
(2) based his work on Enlightenment principles of social contract
(3) practiced observation and experimentation in his work
(4) supported the work of the Inquisition
DBQ – Jan 2011
Throughout history, ideas have shaped and influenced
various societies and regions.
These ideas include heliocentrism, natural rights, and
Marxism.
Task:
Choose two ideas mentioned in the historical context and
for each
• Explain the idea
• Discuss how this idea influenced societies or regions
Capitalism – Commercial Revolution
• Hanseatic League, guilds, and rise of towns
replace manorialism
• Medici – Florentine banking and political
family
• Commercial Revolution – rise of capitalism
(laissez-faire), joint-stock companies, and
bourgeoisie
June 2010
Between 1300 and 1600, which economic
system began to develop as a result of the
transformation in global trade?
(1) socialism
(2) capitalism
(3) communism
(4) manorialism
June 2011
During the European Middle Ages, guilds were
created to
(1) obtain better working conditions in factories
(2) standardize goods and prices
(3) regulate the money supply
(4) increase competition
Aug 2011
Which statement represents a central idea of
laissez-faire economics
(1) Class struggles are based on inequities.
(2) Workers should form unions to better their conditions.
(3) Prices are best determined by supply and demand.
(4) The government should own all means of production.
Jan 2012
How did the Commercial Revolution change economic practices
in Europe?
(1) The manorial system was established.
(2) A capitalist economy was developed.
(3) The Church became a major economic power.
(4) Colonies were granted independence.
June 2012
What was one result of the Commercial
Revolution in Europe?
(1) decrease in the size of the middle class
(2) expansion of the manor system
(3) development of financial institutions
(4) wider use of the barter system
June 2013
What was one result of the European
Commercial Revolution?
(1) a decline in the spice trade
(2) the destruction of the papacy
(3) the development of capitalism
(4) an increased reliance on bartering
Jan 2014
The development of banking during the Commercial Revolution
in western Europe was significant because it
(1) provided capital resources to merchants for investment
(2) allowed peasant farmers to finance the construction of new
homes
(3) enabled the proletariat to challenge the bourgeoisie
(4) created pensions for retired workers
Age of Exploration - Imperialism
• Mercantilism – colonies established for providing motherland with
colonies for raw materials and markets for manufactured goods –
desired favorable balance of trade.
• Motives – “God, Glory & Gold”
• Inspired because of the conquest of the Byzantine Empire by
Ottomans (Mehmet II) and desire for new route to India and Spice
Islands
• New Technology – astrolabe, compass, caravel, cartography
June 2010
The combined usage of the caravel, compass,
and astrolabe in the late 1400s helped bring
about the
(1) migration of the Bantu
(2) exploration of the Americas
(3) introduction of Buddhism to East Asia
(4) voyages of Zheng He
Aug 2010
Advances in navigation technology and the desire
of Europeans to obtain goods from Asia are most
closely associated with the
(1) rise of feudalism
(2) Agricultural Revolution
(3) Age of Exploration
(4) Age of Reason
Aug 2010
A key objective of a mercantilist policy was to
(1) establish colonies for trade benefits
(2) promote warfare throughout Europe
(3) develop assembly lines in factories
(4) support the spread of communist ideas
Thematic – Aug 2012
June 2011
During the first Global Age (A.D. 1450–1770),
European countries obtained both a source of
raw materials and a reliable market for their
finished goods by developing
(1) the policy of mercantilism
(2) laissez-faire principles
(3) trade cooperatives
(4) forts along the Silk Roads
June 2012
In the late 1400s and early 1500s, what was a
major reason for the European voyages of
exploration?
(1) introduction of Enlightenment ideas
(2) desire to control Constantinople
(3) rapid industrialization
(4) need for alternate trade routes
Aug 2012
Europeans considered mercantilism a successful policy because it
(1) encouraged self-sufficiency in less developed nations
(2) led to alliances with Asian countries
(3) protected traditional social practices
(4) created wealth for the colonial powers
Jan 2013
Which idea is most closely associated with the
economic concept of mercantilism?
(1) Colonies exist to provide raw materials and markets for a
colonial power.
(2) Wealth and power are based on land exchanged between
nobles.
(3) Goods and services are traded without government
interference.
(4) Property is owned collectively and administered by the state.
Jan 2013
Which situation was an immediate cause for the
collapse of the Aztec civilization?
(1) disruption of overseas trade networks
(2) conquest by foreigners
(3) a series of crop failures
(4) a lack of military training
Jan 2014
Which technological development enabled
European navigators to determine their location
during the Age of Exploration?
(1) lateen sail
(2) Astrolabe
(3) cross bow
(4) caravel
Aug 2013
One reason Spain sponsored the first voyage of
Columbus to the west was to
(1) find a more direct trade route to Asia
(2) obtain military technology
(3) make contact with the Empire of Benin
(4) trade in established ports in the Americas
Jan 2014
The Encounter occurred as a result of European
explorers crossing the
(1) Atlantic Ocean
(2) Sahara Desert
(3) Andes Mountains
(4) Mediterranean Sea
DBQ - June 2013
Technological advancements such as the combined use of the bow and the
stirrup by the Mongols, the use of the caravel by the Spanish, and the use of
the railroad in India have affected how certain civilizations and societies have
interacted with each other. Changes have resulted from these interactions.
Task:
Select two technological advancements mentioned in the historical context
and for each
• Explain how this technological advancement affected the interactions of a
specific civilization or society with another group
• Discuss changes that resulted from these interactions
• Treaty of Tordesilla will establish a line of
demarcation between Spanish & Portuguese
claims of New World
Major Explorers
• Columbus (1492) from Spain to Caribbean, hired
by Isabel and Ferdinand (had done Reconquista of
Spain – kicked out Muslims, Jews and
Protestants)
• Da Gama – Portuguese – south of Africa to India
• Magellan – circumnavigated globe
• Zheng-He – Ming dynasty from China to Africa
• Cortes (Aztecs) and Pizarro (Inca) - conquistadors
Results of Exploration
• Columbian Exchange – food stuff and diseases
exchanged between New World and
Europe/Africa/Asia
• Triangular Trade – manufactured goods (guns) from
Europe to Africa, African slaves to Caribbean for sugar
plantations (Middle Passage) then molasses to Europe
• Encomienda – plantations using forced Native
American labor
• African Diaspora – African slaves transported to Brazil
and Caribbean
• Native American population declined due to disease
and overwork – native culture lost
• Columbia Exchange
• The Spanish will establish
themselves as head of the
colonial government.
(viceroys)
• Native Americans although
a majority of population
had no say in government.
• Long-lasting class
resentment based on
race/ethnicity
• Eventually will lead to
revolutions to overthrow
Spanish
Jan 2011
Which title best completes the partial outline
below?
I. ________________________________
A. Sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe
B. Textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa
C. Enslaved Africans to the Americas
(1) Trade Within the Hanseatic League
(2) Elements of Triangular Trade
(3) Factors of Industrialization
(4) Results of the Congress of Vienna
Jan 2011
• Vasco da Gama discovered an all-water route from
Europe to India.
• Ferdinand Magellan’s crew circumnavigated the globe.
• Isaac Newton defined the forces of gravity.
These events relate most directly to
(1) revised understandings of natural surroundings
(2) questioning the benefits of the mercantile system
(3) increased suspicion between different religions
(4) development of new manufacturing techniques
Aug 2011
Aug 2011
The inhumane policies of the Reconquista,
pogroms, and the Holocaust were all results of
(1) civil disobedience and passive resistance
(2) acculturation and assimilation
(3) war guilt and reparations
(4) intolerance and prejudice
June 2013
The Columbian exchange is most closely
associated with the beginnings of
(1) mercantilism
(2) humanism
(3) mass production
(4) scientific socialism
Jan 2012
One way in which the Atlantic slave trade and
the Jewish diaspora are similar is that both
(1) forced people to migrate
(2) encouraged the growth of secularism
(3) created conditions leading to the Encounter
(4) resulted from the fall of Constantinople
Jan 2013
In the 1500s, European attempts to establish colonies in Africa
were hindered by
(1) the abolition of the slave trade
(2) the cooperative efforts of Christian and Islamic missionaries
(3) a variety of geographic obstacles in Africa
(4) a widespread unified resistance by African tribal leaders
Jan 2011
Which statement accurately reflects population
changes that occurred as a result of the Age of
Exploration?
(1) Most Latin American populations became more culturally
diverse.
(2) One third of Europe’s population died due to exposure to
diseases from the Americas.
(3) The introduction of goods from the Americas caused a
decline in Asian populations.
(4) Native Americans migrated to Africa causing increases in
African populations.
June 2011
Jan 2011
One effect of the encomienda system in Latin
America was that it
(1) eliminated the use of guilds
(2) promoted isolationism
(3) exploited indigenous peoples
(4) reduced Spanish influence
Aug 2010
The use of the terms
Encounter and Columbian
exchange represents attempts
to describe the
(1) nature of cultural
interactions
(2) establishment of land
grants
(3) results of scientific
innovations
(4) origins of divine right
theory
The Middle Passage is best
defined as
(1) a route through the Swiss
Alps
(2) a narrow body of water
connecting two larger
bodies of water
(3) the forced journey of
enslaved Africans to the
Americas
(4) the expulsion of Muslims
from Spain
June 2010
Aug 2012
Jan 2014
In colonial Spanish America, which system was
developed by the Spanish to support plantation
agriculture?
(1) barter
(2) encomienda
(3) domestic
(4) guild
Aug 2013
Which country is responsible for the extensive
colonial use of the encomienda labor system?
(1) England
(2) France
(3) the Netherlands
(4) Spain
Jan 2010
The social class system in Latin America during
the 16th and 17th centuries reflects the
(1) dominance of Spanish-born nobility
(2) emerging equality between classes
(3) influence of mestizo economic power
(4) increasing social mobility of Native American
Indians
Jan 2010
“. . . (It) brought the potato, the pineapple, the turkey, dahlias,
sunflowers, magnolias, maize, chillies and chocolate across the
Atlantic. On the other hand, tens of millions died in the pandemics of
the 16th century, victims of smallpox, measles and the other diseases
brought by Europeans (and don’t forget that the African slave trade
was begun by the Europeans, to replace the work force they had
decimated).”. . . — Michael Wood, BBC History (adapted)
Which historical development is being described in this quotation?
(1) establishment of the line of Demarcation
(2) creation of the Hanseatic League
(3) Columbian exchange
(4) Glorious Revolution
Jan 2012
What was a result of the efforts of
Prince Henry of Portugal,
Christopher Columbus, and
Ferdinand Magellan?
(1) The importance of
Mediterranean trade routes was
established.
(2) The modern concept of universal
human rights was promoted.
(3) The European view of the
physical world was transformed.
(4) An understanding of the benefits
of cultural diversity was encouraged.
The Spanish encomienda system in the
Americas resulted in
(1) the strengthening of indigenous
cultures
(2) political independence for the
colonies
(3) the exploitation of natives
(4) religious freedom for the majority of
peasants
Which region’s colonial class structure
included peninsulares, creoles, and
mestizos?
(1) western Europe (3) East Asia
(2) sub-Saharan Africa (4) Latin America
Aug 2012
The encomienda system, the latifundia form of
land ownership, and the office of viceroy are all
closely associated with
(1) Spanish rule in Latin America
(2) pre-Columbian practices of Native Americans
(3) attempts to halt the drug trade in South America
(4) reduction of trade barriers in the Western
Hemisphere
DBQ – Jan 2013
Historical Context:
Throughout history, the need and desire for certain products
has led to long-lasting effects on people, societies, and
regions. Some of these products include salt, sugar, and
cotton.
Task:
Choose two products mentioned in the historical context and
for each
• Explain why people needed or desired this product
• Discuss how this product influenced a people, a society,
and/or a region
Absolutism
• Rule by divine right
• Machiavelli – The Prince
– said rulers should rule by fear not love
• Louis XIV – France, “Sun King” – built Palace of Versailles,
“l’etat c’est moi” – revoked Edict of Nantes, never allowed
Estates General
• Ferdinand/Isabella of Spain – Reconquista – kicked out Jews
and Moors (Muslims) out of Spain, patronized Columbus’
exploration, later Phillip II – responsible for Armada
• Peter the Great – Russia – forced nobles to shave beards,
westernize and modernize, built St. Petersburg to get
“warm water port” on Baltic Sea – used serf labor,
Catherine the Great “enlightened despot”
June 2010
What was a key characteristic of an absolute
monarchy in the 16th and 17th centuries?
(1) centralized governmental authority
(2) increased political rights for peasants and serfs
(3) freedom of religion
(4) a system of checks and balances
Aug 2010
A main goal of the monarchs of Europe during
the Age of Absolutism was to
(1) establish legislative bodies
(2) centralize political power
(3) improve the quality of life for the peasant class
(4) expand the role of the Catholic Church
Aug 2011
In The Prince, Machiavelli advises rulers to
(1) seek the approval of the people
(2) establish and maintain power
(3) promote openness in government
(4) learn and follow the commandments of the church
Jan 2013
One way in which the reigns of Peter the Great and
Catherine the Great are similar is that both Leaders
(1) promoted the emancipation of serfs
(2) strengthened the role of the Duma and centralized
royal power
(3) shared their power with the Russian Orthodox
Church
(4) pursued a policy of westernization and expansion
Aug 2013
• Supported reforms
• Believed in natural rights and religious toleration
• Viewed themselves as servants of their state
In the 18th century, European leaders that fit
these characteristics were best known as
(1) theocratic monarchs
(2) enlightened despots
(3) totalitarian dictators
(4) prime ministers
Jan 2013
In The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli was most
concerned with
(1) the use of political power
(2) the expansion of church authority
(3) government regulation of the economy
(4) equality and justice for all
June 2013
Niccolò Machiavelli wrote The Prince as a guide
to success in
(1) family life
(2) politics
(3) economic undertakings
(4) scholarship
Jan 2010
A DEO REX, A REGE LEX —“the king is from
God, and law is from the king.”
— James I
This quotation best reflects the concept of
(1) constitutional monarchy
(2) separation of powers
(3) equal representation
(4) divine right rule
Jan 2014
What happened in Russia as a result of actions
taken by Peter the Great?
(1) Russia was weakened by French invasions.
(2) Catholicism was adopted as the state religion.
(3) The Duma was reformed and the serfs were freed.
(4) Russia borrowed Western ideas and expanded
its territories.
Jan 2014
One way in which the caste system in traditional
India and the Estates system of pre-revolutionary
France are similar is that
(1) occupations were attained by merit
(2) social mobility was very limited
(3) status was determined by education
(4) impact on the daily lives of people was minimal
Aug 2013
One reason the Russian Empire was difficult to
unite was that it
(1) had many diverse ethnic groups
(2) possessed limited natural resources
(3) served as a crossroads for trade
(4) lacked a navy
Jan 2014
Base your answer to question 45 on the statement
below and on your knowledge of social studies.
… I conclude, then, returning to being feared and
loved, that since men love at their convenience
and fear at the convenience of the prince, a wise
prince should found himself on what is his, not on
what is someone else’s; he should only contrive to
avoid hatred, as was said
.
This statement is taken from the written work of
(1) John Locke
(3) Adam Smith
(2) Niccolò Machiavelli
(4) Ignatius Loyola
DBQ – June 2012
Historical Context:
Throughout history, autocratic leaders have exercised authority over
their countries and the lives of their people. The actions of autocratic
leaders have both helped and hurt their countries and their peoples.
Examples of such leaders include Emperor Shi Huangdi, Czar Peter the
Great, and King Louis XIV.
Task:
Select two leaders mentioned in the historical context and for each
• Describe actions taken by the leader that show this individual was an
autocrat
• Discuss the extent to which this leader’s use of autocratic power
helped and/or hurt his country or his people
Limited Monarchy in England
• Magna Carta – 1215
• Parliament – 1295 (House of Lords and House
of Commoners), controlled taxation
• English Bill of Rights – 1688 – created after the
Glorious Revolution by William and Mary
June 2010
The signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 and the
Glorious Revolution in 1688 were key events in
English history because they resulted in
(1) creating alliances with France
(2) defeating Protestant nobles
(3) limiting the power of the monarchy
(4) annexing territory
Aug 2010
The Puritan Revolution and the Glorious
Revolution are both closely associated with the
(1) expansion of Papal authority in Rome
(2) beginning of the Reconquista in Spain
(3) calling of the Congress of Vienna
(4) rise of parliamentary democracy in England
Jan 2011
The Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the
English Bill of Rights led the English government
to develop a political system in which
(1) rulers were responsible to the people
(2) religious authorities controlled the lawmaking
process
(3) the power of the monarch came from God
(4) the individual was denied a trial by jury
Aug 2011
What was a major effect of the Magna Carta
and the English Bill of Rights on Great Britain?
(1) The power of the monarch was limited.
(2) Ireland revolted against the monarchy.
(3) Parliament was abolished.
(4) A renewed interest in Greek and Roman
culture developed.
Jan 2012
Oliver Cromwell led the Puritan Revolution in
England in response to the
(1) passage of the Bill of Rights
(2) autocratic rule of the king
(3) implementation of mercantilism
(4) defeat of the Spanish Armada
June 2012
In England, the key principles of the Magna
Carta were fundamental to the development
and growth of
(1) democracy
(2) theocracy
(3) absolutism
(4) communism
Aug 2012
One similarity between the Magna Carta and
the English Bill of Rights is that both documents
(1) set up a two-party political system
(2) placed limits on the power of the monarch
(3) established the right to inherit the throne
(4) guaranteed equal rights for all citizens
Jan 2013
Which institution became stronger and limited
the monarchy in order to end absolutism in
England?
(1) banks
(2) Parliament
(3) universities
(4) Anglican Church
Aug 2013
The primary purpose of the Magna Carta (1215)
was to
(1) limit the power of King John
(2) install Oliver Cromwell as dictator
(3) justify the Glorious Revolution
(4) charter the British East India Company
Jan 2014
Enlightenment
• Philosophical movement that says rulers rule not
by divine right but by consent of the people. –
used reason and logic
• Locke – Two Treaties on Government – believed in
natural rights and democracy
• Montesquieu – 3 branches of government
• Rousseau and Hobbes – Social Contract
• Adam Smith – Wealth of Nations – laissez-faire
economics (government should not intervene in
economics)
June 2010
Many Enlightenment philosophers used reason
to
(1) reinforce traditional beliefs
(2) strengthen religious authority
(3) reveal natural laws
(4) encourage censorship
Jan 2011
Enlightenment thinkers encouraged the
improvement of society through the
(1) teachings of the church
(2) use of reason
(3) development of absolutism
(4) establishment of a rigid social hierarchy
Aug 2010
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke both
agreed that a government should be based on
the
(1) separation of nationalities
(2) religious values of the people
(3) equal distribution of wealth
(4) consent of the governed
Aug 2011
Speaker A: I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to the death your
right to say it.
Speaker B: Government has no other end, but the preservation of property.
Speaker C: Man is born free, and everywhere he is in shackles.
Which historical period is best represented in the ideas expressed by these speakers?
(1) Enlightenment (3) Age of Exploration
(2) Counter Reformation (4) Early Middle Ages
Which historical figure expressed ideas that are most similar to those of Speaker B?
(1) Thomas Malthus
(2) John Locke
(3) Peter the Great
(4) Bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
June 2011
Which idea is correctly paired with a document
that supports it?
(1) colonialism — The Prince
(2) militarism — Sadler Report
(3) capitalism — Wealth of Nations
(4) monotheism — The Communist Manifesto
June 2011
The English Bill of Rights and the political
philosophy of John Locke both support the idea
of a
(1) coalition government
(2) fascist dictatorship
(3) Marxist dictatorship
(4) limited government
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Which idea is central to John Locke’s Two Treatises of
Government?
(1) A government’s power comes from the consent of the
people.
(2) Predestination will determine who will go to heaven.
(3) Famine, disease, and conflict are natural checks on
population growth.
(4) The have-nots will rise up and overthrow the
government of the haves.
Aug 2012
Belief in the ideas of the Enlightenment and
discontent within the Third Estate were causes
of the
(1) French Revolution
(2) Counter Reformation
(3) Industrial Revolution
(4) Spanish Reconquista
Aug 2012
Which statement represents a key idea directly
associated with John Locke’s Two Treatises of
Government?
(1) Freedom of speech should be denied.
(2) The king’s power on Earth comes from God.
(3) All people are born with the right to life, liberty,
and property.
(4) Individuals acting in their own self-interest
will achieve economic success.
Aug 2013
Which writer opposed political absolutism?
(1) Niccolò Machiavelli
(2) James I
(3) Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
(4) John Locke
June 2013
Which step did Catherine the Great take that is
consistent with Enlightenment ideas?
(1) ordering the burning of books
(2) strengthening the institution of serfdom
(3) expanding Russian territory into Ukraine
(4) considering a law code that would treat all
citizens equally
Aug 2013
• Supported reforms
• Believed in natural rights and religious toleration
• Viewed themselves as servants of their state
In the 18th century, European leaders that fit these
characteristics were best known as
(1) theocratic monarchs
(2) enlightened despots
(3) totalitarian dictators
(4) prime ministers
Jan 2014
Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning
point in world history?
(1) The factory system was used to mass-produce Goods.
(2) Martin Luther broke away from the Roman
Catholic Church.
(3) Europeans changed their thinking about the
role of government.
(4) The Columbian exchange occurred.
Jan 2014
Theme: Human Rights—Justice
At different times in history, individuals have defended human
rights using a variety of methods. Their efforts have met with
varying degrees of success.
Select two individuals and for each
• Describe the historical circumstances that led the individual to
defend human rights
• Describe a method the individual used to defend human rights
• Discuss the extent to which the individual’s effort was successful
Somesuggestions you might wish to consider include Bartolomé
de las Casas, John Locke, Mary Wollstonecraft,
Thematic Jan 2010
Culture and Intellectual Life
Intellectuals, philosophers, and leaders have often recorded their ideas in
written works. These ideas have been used throughout history to guide
societies and influence the course of national and regional development.
Task:
Select two intellectuals, philosophers, and/or leaders and
• Describe the historical circumstances surrounding this writing
• Describe a main idea found in this writing
• Discuss how this idea has influenced the development of a nation or region
You may use any intellectuals, philosophers, or leaders from your study of
global history.
Some suggestions: Bartolomé de las Casas—Brief Report on the Destruction of
the Indians, Martin Luther—Ninety-five Theses, John Locke—Two Treatises on
Government, Olympe de Gouges—The Declaration of the Rights of Woman
Thematic – June 2010
Change — Ideas
The ideas of individuals have had a significant influence on groups, nations,
and regions.
Task:
Select two individuals and for each
• Explain a specific idea developed by the individual
• Describe the historical circumstances that surrounded the development of
the idea
• Discuss how the idea influenced a group or a nation or a region
You may use any individual whose ideas had a significant influence from your
study of global history. Some suggestions you might wish to consider include
Confucius, Niccolò Machiavelli, Galileo Galilei, John Locke,
Native Americans
• Mayan– polytheistic (blood sacrifices), stepped pyramid
temples, ballcourts, slash and burn farming of Yucatan,
hieroglyph carvings, and calendar – shows sophisticated
culture
• Aztecs – middle of Lake Texoca – hydroponic gardens
(chinampas) – made tribute states of neighboring enemies,
pyramids, calendars, codex (birch-bark accordion books
that show human sacrifice – Spanish will destroy). Peak
under Montezuma, destroyed by Cortes
• Inca – Andes Mts, terrace farming, Incan Trail and
suspension bridges, quipu (knotted rope), destroyed by
Pissarro.
June 2010
Jan 2010
Jan 2010
• Spain mines silver in the Americas.
• The Dutch establish a colony in Southeast Asia.
• The English East India Company controls tea
plantations in India.
Which policy is most closely associated with these
events?
(1) pacifism
(3) nonalignment
(2) mercantilism
(4) containment
June 2010
Which factor most influenced the development
of diverse cultures in pre-Columbian South
America?
(1) trade agreements
(2) geographic features
(3) imported religious ideas
(4) peasant revolts
Jan 2011
One way in which the Aztec and Inca civilizations
are similar is that they both
(1) defeated the Spanish conquistadors
(2) developed advanced architectural techniques
(3) lacked strong central governments
(4) settled primarily in river valleys
Aug 2011
One way the Incas adapted their environment was by
(1) building a network of roads through the mountains
(2) growing rice as a major agricultural product
(3) establishing an encomienda system
(4) creating floating gardens
Aug 2011
. . . It recounts the life of the officials, the
notaries,
the deputies, the proprietors of Indian labour,
the
priests, the miners and the Spaniards who
travel
from post to post along the roads and rivers of
Peru; the visitors, the judges, the Indian chiefs
and their subjects, including the very poor.
In my work I have always tried to obtain the
most truthful accounts, accepting those which
seemed to be substantial and which were
confirmed from various sources. I have only
reported those facts which several people
agreed
upon as being true. . . .
— Huamán Poma, Letter to a King: A Peruvian
Chief’s
Account of Life Under the Incas and Under
Spanish Rule, E. P. Dutton
This author is describing the process
he used in
(1) formulating a scientific theory
from earlier experiments
(2) developing a historical account
from primary sources
(3) comparing details of differing
religions
(4) explaining the importance of
obeying laws
According to this author, accounts
used in making statements of fact
must be
(1) brief
(3) verified
(2) interesting
(4) unbiased
June 2012
One way in which the people of the Tibetan
kingdom and the people of the Inca Empire are
similar is that they
(1) developed coastal ports
(2) adapted mountainous terrains
(3) designed ships to conduct global trade
(4) introduced camel caravans as their primary
form of transportation
June 2012
A study of the achievements of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican
cultures would show that they
(1) sustained dense populations through intensive agriculture
(2) engaged in an extensive exploration of the Pacific Ocean
(3) built vehicles with wheels to transport goods
(4) developed rice paper and wood-block printing
June 2012
… In addition, after the last battle they were
afraid of the horses and guns, of our swords and
crossbows and our good fighting. Above all was
the great mercy of God, Who gave us the
strength to keep on.… — Bernal Díaz del Castillo,
The Bernal Díaz Chronicles, Doubleday &
Company
In this passage about a conflict in Mexico,
whose
perspective is being expressed?
(1) Aztec warrior
(2) Spanish conquistador
(3) Portuguese explorer
(4) Inca emperor
According to this author, which
factors were
influencing the outcome of the
conflict?
(1) efficiency and education
(2) climate and disease
(3) tribute and tradition
(4) technology and fear
June 2013
Which statement best describes
Aztec civilization at the time of the
Encounter?
(1) Small groups of nomadic clans
competed for food.
(2) Various ethnic groups had
representation in a legislative body.
(3) Absence of a social class structure
created unsettled living conditions.
(4) Advanced agricultural practices
supported large urban centers.
• The Americas are referred to as
the “New World.”
• Eastern Asia is referred to as the
“Far East.”
• Southwest Asia is referred to as
part of the “Middle East.”
Whose perspective is best
represented by these regional
place names?
(1) Chinese
(3) European
(2) African
(4) Indian
Jan 2013
Which situation was an immediate cause for the
collapse of the Aztec civilization?
(1) disruption of overseas trade networks
(2) conquest by foreigners
(3) a series of crop failures
(4) a lack of military training
June 2013
Why is Catholicism a major religion practiced in Latin America?
(1) Spain conquered and colonized much of Latin America.
(2) Disputes over international boundaries within Latin America
were settled by the pope.
(3) The traditional beliefs of Africans were incorporated into the
cultures of Latin America.
(4) The Church provided Latin America with a strong central
government.
Jan 2014
… In the 1930s, Sylvanus G. Morley of
Harvard, probably the most celebrated
Mayanist of his day, espoused [argued
for] what is still the best-known
theory: The Maya collapsed because
they overshot the carrying capacity of
their environment. They exhausted
their resource base, began to die of
starvation and thirst, and fled their
cities en masse, leaving them as silent
warnings of the perils of ecological
hubris [overconfidence].…
— Charles C. Mann,
According to this passage, what was a
major question Morley was trying to
answer about the Mayas in the 1930s?
(1) Why did the Mayas abandon
their cities?
(2) What was the structure of the
Maya governments?
(3) How did religious beliefs affect
the Maya economy?
(4) Which neighboring city-state
conquered the Mayas?
Aug 2013
… At Tenochtitlán, the Aztecs
perfected an unusual method of
farming. They built huge rafts,
covered them with earth, and
floated them on the lake. On these
chinampas, or “floating islands,”
they grew enough maize and
vegetables to feed their expanding
population comfortably.
Eventually, roots from the tree
rafts attached themselves to the
bottom of the shallow lake to
become permanent foundations
for buildings.…
— Lois Athey
Which conclusion is best supported by the
information in this passage?
(1) The Aztecs terraced the land.
(2) Large plantations provided food for
the markets.
(3) The Aztecs were limited to subsistence
farming.
(4) Environmental adaptation aided
economic development.
DBQ – Jan 2014
throughout history, people have changed their environments
to meet their needs. These changes have had both positive
and negative effects on people, societies, and
regions. Examples include the development of irrigation in
ancient Egypt, the construction of chinampas by the Aztecs,
and the mining of coal in Great Britain during the Industrial
Revolution.
Select two changes people have made to their environment
mentioned in the historical context and for each
• Explain why this change to their environment was needed
• Discuss how this change affected people, a society, and/or a
region
Gunpowder Empires
• Islamic – based on trade with lots of cultural diffusion
leading to golden ages of math, science, etc.
• Ottoman – sultans,, harem, Mehmet II took over
Constantinople with cannon, Suleiman – absolute
monarch w/golden age – will be cut out of trade by
European exploration – will attempt to take over
Mediterranean stopped by Phillip II – B. of Lepanto.
• Safavid – shiites – modern Iran, shah
• Moguls – Taj Mahal, Akbar – religious tolerance,
Aurangzeb – ended sati and religious persecution of
Hindus
East Asia
• Ming – Zheng-He world explorer – wanted to
expand trade but bankrupted dynasty
• Qing – foreign Manchus, forced Chinese to
wear queues. Emperor Kanxi – absolutist
• Tokugawa Japan – Edict of Seclusion
Aug 2013
The Ming dynasty under Emperor Yonglo (Zhu
di) used Zheng He’s voyages to
(1) expand trade with Africa and Southeast Asia
(2) explore North America and South America
(3) obtain a military alliance with Russia
(4) secure a border agreement with Mongolia
Jan 2014
For which achievement is Suleiman the Magnificent
best known?
(1) building the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
(2) spreading Christianity into the Balkan Peninsula
(3) conquering the Russian capital of Moscow
(4) uniting the Ottoman Empire under an efficient
government structure
Jan 2014
One similarity in the rule of Akbar the Great and
the rule of Elizabeth I is that both leaders
implemented policies that encouraged
(1) compulsory education
(2) military disarmament
(3) voter participation
(4) religious toleration
Aug 2013
One way in which Akbar the Great, Suleiman the
Magnificent, and Philip II are similar is that they
(1) attempted to colonize the Americas
(2) supported democratic reforms in their countries
(3) tried to make Christianity the dominant religion
of Asia
(4) controlled large empires at the height of their
power
June 2013
Which event marked the rise in power of the
Ottoman Empire in 1453?
(1) birth of Muhammad
(2) conquest of Constantinople
(3) siege of Vienna
(4) death of Saladin
June 2013
The restoration of Chinese rule, the voyages of
Zheng He, and the reintroduction of civil service
examinations are all associated with the
(1) Ming dynasty
(3) Songhai Empire
(2) Abbassid dynasty (4) Delhi sultanate
June 2013
Which form of government is associated with
the reigns of Suleiman the Magnificent, Akbar
the Great, and Peter the Great?
(1) constitutional monarchy
(2) direct democracy
(3) theocracy
(4) absolute monarchy
Aug 2012
15 The location of the
Ottoman Empire had an
impact on the
16 The rule of Akbar the
Great is important because
he
(1) trade between Europe
and Asia
(2) conquest of Spain by the
Muslims
(3) spread of Buddhism into
Southeast Asia
(4) decline in the Atlantic
slave trade
(1) admired legalism and
emphasized oppression
(2) recognized natural laws
and supported democracy
(3) accepted diversity and
practiced religious toleration
(4) supported equality and
outlawed the caste system
June 2012
Which factor most contributed to the cultural
diversity of the Ottoman Empire?
(1) legal system based on the Qur’an (Koran)
(2) central location spanning Europe, Africa, and Asia
(3) alliances with the Russians and Hapsburgs
(4) reliance on colonies in the Americas
Jan 2012
One similarity in the policies of Louis XIV and of
Suleiman the Magnificent is that both leaders
(1) expanded their empires in the Americas
(2) encouraged the growth of democracy
(3) increased the power of their central
governments
(4) abolished the bureaucracy
Aug 2011
During the Ming dynasty, why did China enjoy a
favorable balance of trade with Europe?
(1) The Ming dynasty imported numerous manufactured
goods from Europe.
(2) China exported large quantities of opium to European
traders.
(3) Chinese silk continued to be in high demand in
Europe.
(4) The Ming dynasty paid tribute to European traders.
Aug 2011
Akbar the Great, Suleiman the Magnificent, and
Louis XIV are all rulers associated with
(1) natural rights
(2) filial piety
(3) religious toleration
(4) absolutism
Jan 2010
• The Ming emperor banned the building of large
oceangoing ships in 1433.
• The Tokugawa shogun issued the Act of Seclusion
in 1636.
One way in which these historical occurrences are
similar is that both led to increased
(1) social mobility
(2) globalization
(3) cultural diffusion
(4) isolation
June 2011
One way in which the Ming dynasty in the early
1400s and the Spanish monarchy in the late
1400s are similar is that both governments
(1) promoted religious diversity
(2) encouraged democratic reforms
(3) emphasized equal rights for women
(4) supported the expansion of overseas trade
June 2011
• Captured the city of Constantinople in 1453
• Benefited from rich trade along the
Mediterranean Sea
• Ruled by Suleiman the Lawgiver
Which empire best fits these descriptions?
(1) Roman
(3) Mongol
(2) Ottoman
(4) Songhai
June 2011
One way in which Akbar the Great, Ivan the
Terrible, and Louis XIV are similar is that they
were all
(1) theocratic rulers (3) absolute rulers
(2) elected leaders (4) enlightened despots
Jan 2011
By closing Japanese harbors to most foreigners
in the 1600s, the Tokugawa shogunate
attempted to
(1) protect Japan from European influence
(2) increase Japanese agricultural production
(3) eliminate Japan’s influence on Southeast Asia
(4) destroy traditional Japanese culture
Jan 2011
The Ottomans were a strong trading empire
through the mid-1600s because they
(1) controlled access to the eastern
Mediterranean Sea
(2) had the most powerful navy in the world
(3) dominated West African caravan routes
(4) conquered most of Asia
June 2011
• Captured the city of Constantinople in 1453
• Benefited from rich trade along the Mediterranean Sea
• Ruled by Suleiman the Lawgiver
Which empire best fits these descriptions?
(1) Roman
(3) Mongol
(2) Ottoman
(4) Songhai
Jan 2010
One way in which Suleiman the Magnificent and
Akbar the Great are similar is that they both
brought about periods of
(1) political stability and religious tolerance
(2) religious conquest and persecution
(3) isolationism and cultural stagnation
(4) modernization and political disunity
DBQ – Aug 2011
For a variety of reasons, groups have set out to conquer other
regions or people using various methods of force. These
groups include the Mongols, the Spanish, and the Ottoman.
Their conquests have had an impact on both the conqueror
and the conquered.
Task:
Choose two groups engaged in conquest mentioned in the
historical context and for each
• Explain a reason for the conquest
• Explain how the conquest was achieved
• Discuss an impact of the conquest