Transcript The French Revolution

The French Revolution
Chapter 3 Sec 1 & 2
OA
1. What is a
revolution?
2. Can you think of
some examples?
OA
1. Take some notes on the events
that occurred on 9/21/16 on
CNN Student News
What is a Revolution?
• Revolution -- the usually violent attempt by many
people to end the rule of one government and
start a new one
• Could you think of some examples of Revolution?
Essential Question: What were the causes
and consequences of the French Revolution?
Causes of the French Revolution
1. Enlightenment Ideas
• Ideas that challenged and criticized the
government
2. Economic Problems
• “Taille” Taxes only by the 3rd Estate
• “Tithes” (Tenth) A tax to church
• American Revolution
• Bread Famine
3.King of Louis XVI & Queen Marie Antoinette
Enlightenment
Enlightenment Ideas challenged the powers of
the king and the government:
• What did Locke say?
• What did Montesquieu say?
• What did Rousseau say?
Enlightenment
Enlightenment Ideas challenged the powers of
the king and the government:
• What did Locke say?
– Government should protect peoples’ rights?
• What did Montesquieu say?
– Three branches of the government to limit the
powers of the government
• What did Rousseau say?
– Democracy – give power to the people.
Social Class
• France was divided into three Estates, social
classes.
– Social Classes -- a division of a society based on social
and economic status.
1. First Estate – Clergy 2% of population,
50% of wealth
2. Second Estate – Nobility 1% of
population , 20% of wealth
3. Third Estate -- Rest of the population
(Commoners) 97% of the population had
only 30% of wealth.
Second Estate
Third Estate
The Third Estate included merchants and laborers. It
also included the Bourgeoisie – the educated middle
Class: lawyers, bankers, merchants and manufacturers.
Political Cartoons
Financial Troubles
• France had an absolute
monarchy.
• Louis’ foreign and domestic
policies led to financial
troubles.
– Deficit Spending –
Government spends more
money than it takes in.
(debt)
– Bread Famine
Financial Troubles
American Revolution
• Taxation
Bread Famine
• Poor harvest/ mass revolts
King Louis XVI (16th) & Marie Antoinette
• Incompetent Ruler
• Lived in extravagance
• Married an Austrian Princess
(traditional rival)
Jacques Necker
• Finance minister wanted
to:
– Reduced spending
– Abolished tariffs
– Proposed to tax the first two
estates
– Nobles fear of taxation
forced the king to remove
him from office
Estate-General
Estate-General
Legislative (law-making)
body consisting of
representatives of the three
estates.
• Three vote system: Each
Estate had one vote
• The collaboration
between first two Estates
made the Third Estate
disadvantaged.
Estate-General
• Frustrated, representatives of the Third Estate
proclaimed themselves the National Assembly
– Tennis Court Oath – an oath to make a
constitution!
Storming of the Bastille
• Rumors circulated royal
troops were going to
occupy the Paris, people
took to the streets
• People stormed the
prison of Bastille to take
the arsenal (weapons)
• The mob killed the
guards, and beheaded
commander and put it on
a spike
• The French Revolution
Begins!!!
Declaration of the Rights of Man 1789
• National Assembly
demanded/forced the king
to end special privileges
• Declaration of the Rights of
Man and Citizen
–
–
–
–
Ended Feudalism
Equality of all male citizens
Equal opportunities
Freedom of religion
“The guillotine became the symbol of
the revolutionary cause”.
1. Why do you think
the guillotine
became the
symbol of the
revolution?
2. What made this
method popular
among
enlightenment
thinkers?
Radicals Take Control
■ Bourgeoisie
lawyers
◆Radicals known as the
Jacobins took control
of the government
◆Created a new
constitution
◆Commissioned the
Guillotine
France’s First Republic!
• King Louis fails to escape to Austria with his
family.
• Louis was forced to abdicate(step down/quit)
from his position as the King of France.
– France becomes a Republic!
– Representative government
– Louis was tried for treason and executed! And
later his wife Marie Antoinette was executed as
well.
OA pg 220-221
1. What was the purpose of the
Committee of Public Safety? Who
was its leader?
2. What was the Reign of Terror?
3. In your opinion, why do you think
the Guillotine was a popular form of
execution during the revolution?
OA pg 220-221
1. What was the purpose of the
Committee of Public Safety? Who was
its leader? Group of people; protect
France from domestic (within the
country) and foreign (outside of
France/other countries) crisis or issues.
Maximilien Robespierre
2. What was the Reign of Terror? Defend
France from its enemies (domestic and
foreign)
Guillotine
“The guillotine became the symbol of the revolutionary
cause”.
• Royalists wanted the monarchy to
return
– They rebelled throughout France
– Enemies of the Republic
– They fought against the Republicans
War in the Vendée
was a royalist uprising
that was suppressed by
the republican forces
in 1796
Revolt in Lyon
Reign of
Terror
Maximilien Robespierre
■ takes control of the
Committee of Public Safety
■
◆
Protect France from the
enemies within the country.
◆
Controlled by radicals called
the Jacobins.
◆
◆
20 – 40 thousand executed.
Targeted anyone who
challenged the new
government.
◆
Clergy and the Nobles
Reign of Terror
Execution of Robespierre
Compare and contrast the American
Revolution and the French Revolution
OA Pictowords
• Revolution--the usually violent attempt by
many people to end the rule of one
government and start a new one
• Constitution--laws by which a country, state,
or organization is governed
– a document that describes this system
• Limited Monarchy – monarch’s power is
limited (usually due to a constitution)
• Radicals – people who want extreme changes
and goals
• Coup d’etat – a sudden overthrow of the
government
Define the words by illustrating the
words creatively
Rise and Fall of Napoleon
Chapter 3 Sec 3
Continued Hardships
• France was losing the war with
the European forces.
• The new government, the
Directory was unable to
strengthen the economy.
–People became dissatisfied with
the new government
Napoleon Bonaparte
Rise of Napoleon
The Directory loses
control of government &
confidence of the people
■ General Napoleon
Bonaparte takes
control of the
government; Consulate
■
Coup d’ Etat– overthrow
of the government
Peace Returns to France
First Consul (Leader) of France
• Fixed economy
■ Settled problems with Church
– restored the Church
■ Wrote Napoleonic Code
◆ Equal treatment of all men
◆ No feudalistic privileges
◆ Established public
education/schools
Napoleon The Emperor!
■ Napoleon
crowns himself,
Emperor of France!
■ Begins conquest of Europe
◆Napoleonic Wars
◆Establishes the largest
empire since Rome
◆Conquers all but Britain
French Empire is Born!
Annexations (forced incorporation) and Forced
Alliances
Continental System – Economic blockade of Great
Britain
OA
1.What was the purpose of the
Continental System (233-234)
2. How did the Russians beat
Napoleon’s army(233-234)
End of the Empire
Largest Defeat in Russia
◆ 400,000-500,000 lost to cold, hunger
♦ Russia’s scorched earth Scortched Earth
Policy
■ While Napoleon was weakened, Allies invade
Paris
• Napoleon forced to abdicate (step down/quit)
◆ He was exiled (Banished) to the island of
Elba
■
Bourbon Restoration
Henry 18th
Napoleon’s Exile in the island of Elba
The Hundred Days
■ Napoleon
escapes
from exile & returns
to France!
■ Decisively defeated
at the battle of
Waterloo
◆After 100 days
■ Exiled again and
dies
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon is defeated in the battle of Waterloo
Exile at Helena
History of unstable governments and failed constitutions
• French First Republic (1792–1804)
• First French Empire under Napoleon I (1804–
1814/1815)
• Bourbon Restoration under Louis XVIII and Charles X
(1814/1815–1830)
• July Monarchy under Louis Philippe d'Orléans (1830–
1848)
• Second Republic (1848–1852)
• Second Empire under Napoleon III (1852–1870)
• Third Republic (1870–1940)
• the Fourth Republic (1946–58)
• the Fifth Republic (since 1958)
Some of the Constitutions of France
• Constitution of 1791
• Constitution of 1793
• The Constitution of the Year III, adopted 22 August 1795, established the
Directory
• The Constitution of the Year VIII, adopted 24 December 1799, established
the Consulate
• The Constitution of the Year X, adopted 1 August 1802, established the
Consulate for Life
• The Constitution of the Year XII, adopted 18 May 1804, established the
First French Empire
• The French Constitution of 1848, adopted 4 November 1848, established
the French Second Republic
• The French Constitution of 1852, adopted 14 January 1852, established
the French Second Empire
• The French Constitutional Laws of 1875 of the French Third Republic, 24
and 25 February, and 16 July 1875
OA
What were the causes and consequences of the
French Revolution?
Compare and contrast the American
Revolution and the French Revolution
•
•
•
•
Mass paranoia (reign of terror)
National debt
French killed their own king
Instability