Transcript Napoleon
NAPOLEON Enlightenment & Revolutions Unit Essential Question • What events caused the rise and fall of Napoleon? Crash Course • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTTvKwCylFY Key Vocabulary • Napoleon- The military genius who became ruler of France. • Napoleonic Code- A system of laws for France created by Napoleon that promoted order & authority over individual rights. Warm Up • What governments were adopted by France during the French Revolution? Military Hero • Born on the island of Corsica • Family were minor nobles • When he was 20 years old, he became a lieutenant in the army 1. Military successes • 1793, drove British forces out of the Port of Toulon 2. Led expedition to Egypt • Disaster • However, important discovery madeRosetta Stone Napoleon Overthrows the Directory • 1799, Directory is corrupt and a failure • Napoleon sets up 3 man governing board, The Consulate • New Constitution is created • Napoleon names himself 1st Consul • 1802 becomes consul for life • 1804 he became so powerful he declared himself emperor • Each step in his rise to power was legitimate • Napoleon held plebiscites • Ballots which voters say yes or no on an issue • He was always strongly supported! Assessment Prompt 1 • How does Napoleon overthrow the Directory? Napoleon’s Rule • Stability and Order • Regulated the economy, controlled prices, encouraged new industry, built roads • Public schools • Concordat of 1801 • Made peace with Roman Catholic Church • Allows religious freedom but Church still under state control • Encouraged emigres to return to France • Allowed peasants to retain land purchased from Church and nobles during Revolution Napoleonic Code • New Law Code • Embodied Enlightenment principles • Equality before the law • Religious toleration • Advancement based on merit • He also undid reforms of the Revolution • Women lost many of the rights they gained • Considered minors before the law Creation of the Grand Empire • 1804-1814 • Annexed the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany • He placed friends and relatives on the thrones of Europe • Placed his brother on the throne of Spain • Divorced his wife to marry a Hapsburg princess • Allowed him to claim kinship to the ancient ruling families of Europe Assessment Prompt 2 • What contributions did Napoleon implement for France? • Were all of these changes positive? Why • How did Napoleon create the Grand Empire? France versus Britain • Britain was their main enemy • Napoleon wanted to invade England • 1805, French fleet was destroyed at the Battle of Trafalgar • Napoleon instead wages an economic war through the Continental System • Closed European ports to British goods • Britain responds with blockade of European ports • Failed to destroy Britain and hurts French economy Peninsular War 1808-1814 • Portugal defies Continental System • Napoleon takes his army through Spain and removes the Spanish King in favor of his brother Joseph • Spanish Guerilla fighters cause massive French losses- 300,000 Downfall of Napoleon • Tsar Alexander I resigns from Continental system • Napoleon responds by invading with 600,000 soldiers from France and other European countries • Disaster Assessment Prompt 3 • How did Napoleon go after Britain? • What is the Continental System? • To avoid Napoleon’s army, Russia retreats east and used “Scorched Earth Policy” • Burned villages and crops as they went • Policy left Napoleon’s army hungry and cold • Famine, snow and ice defeat Napoleon • Napoleon retreats • Less than 100,000 of 600,000 survived • Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia defeat Napoleon • Napoleon’s reputation is shattered • Napoleon is forced to abdicate his thrown • He is exiled to the island of Elba • Louis XVIII, brother of Louis XVI, is made King Napoleon Returns • Napoleon escapes from Elba and returns to France • Louis XVIII runs away • March 1815 Napoleon becomes Emperor Waterloo • Defeated after only 100 days • Duke of Wellington crushes the French in the Battle of Waterloo • Napoleon is exiled once again, this time to St. Helena, never to return Congress of Vienna • September 1814-June 1815 • Important players: • Prince Metternich of Austria • Czar Alexander I of Russia • Lord Castlereagh of Britain Goals of Vienna • Create a long lasting Peace • Restore the balance of Power to Europe • Restore the ruling families that were in power before French Revolution • No one nation should be strong enough the threaten the security of the other Activity • Create a timeline of the events that caused the rise and fall of Napoleon. • Your timeline must include a short description of the significance of each event. Journal • Answer the EQ: What events caused the rise and fall of Napoleon • Consider the following: What were three blunders that led to Napoleon’s downfall? • How was Russia able to defeat Napoleon? • What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna?