Transcript Chapter 21 section 2

AFRICA MAP ACTIVITY
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Label the following on your map of Africa:
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Sierra Leone
Nigeria
Algeria
Tunisia
Morocco
Ghana
Togo
Benin
Cameroon
Tanzania
Namibia
Egypt
Sudan
Libya
Ethiopia
Liberia
D.R. of the Congo
Mozambique
South Africa
Botswana
Zimbabwe
Zambia
– THEN SHADE THE AREAS THAT THE FRENCH, THE BRITISH,
GERMANY AND PORTUGAL HAD CONTROL OF. SHADE THE
AREA OF WEST AFRICA THAT WAS CONTROLLED BY THESE
TWO COUNTRIES EVEN IF YOU DID NOT LABEL THE PRESENT
DAY COUNTRY.
Chapter 21 section 2
Empire Building in
Africa
Imperialism in Africa
WEST AFRICA
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As slavery declined, Europe’s interest in other
forms of trade increased.
Europeans exchanged finished textiles and
other goods for peanuts, timber, hides and palm
oil.
British set up settlements along the Gold Coast
(Ghana) and Sierra Leone.
Britain annexed the Gold Coast and established
a protectorate over groups in Nigeria.
France had the largest area of West Africa and
Germany had control of Togo, Cameroon.
Suez Canal 1875
Egypt
NORTH AFRICA
Egypt – established by Muhammed Ali
 He modernized the army, set up a public school system
and helped create industry.
 SUEZ CANAL was built, now Great Britain is interested in
Egypt – “lifeline to India”
 Egypt became a British protectorate in 1914. They also
wanted the Sudan to protect their interest in the canal.
Seized Sudan in 1898.
 France had control of Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco.
 Italy tried to take over Ethiopia but failed. They did take
control of Libya.
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CENTRAL AFRICA
David Livingstone explored this area.
 Henry Stanley was a journalist who also
explored this area (Congo River).
 King Leopold II of Belgium colonized
Congo.
 France took control of areas north of the
Congo.
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Berlin Conference 1884-1885
EAST AFRICA
The British wanted areas here in order to
connect the colonies in Africa from South Africa
to Egypt.
 Germany, Portugal and Belgium also claimed
parts.
 The Berlin Conference in 1884 officially
recognized both British and German claims,
Portugal received Mozambique.***NO AFRICAN
DELEGATES WERE PRESENT AT THIS
CONFERENCE.
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SOUTH AFRICA
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The British seized the area of the Boers
(Afrikaners), the Dutch settlement of Cape Town
and surrounding areas.
The Boers fled to the north and established two
independent republics.
Britain defeated the Zulu’s.
Cecil Rhodes (Rhodesia), he was forced to
resign as British PM of Cape Colony by planning
an overthrow of the Boers.
Unfortunately, this was too late and war
between the Boers and Britain was inevitable.
Gold in South Africa
GOLD MINE IN SOUTH AFRICA
1935
BOER WAR
The Boers used guerilla warfare, Britain
responded by burning crops and putting
women and children into detention camps.
 British won.
 1910 Britain created an independent
Union of South Africa, self-governing
nation, only whites and a few propertied
Africans could vote.
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British troops disembarking in
Africa
Boer soldiers
COLONIAL RULE
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Liberia and Ethiopia remained free states.
The British extended rule indirectly which took
the least amount of effort and less money.
Example of indirect rule is Sokoto in Nigeria:
local customs and institutions were not
disrupted. However, this system was a fraud.
The British made all of the major decisions.
The old African elite were kept in power,
therefore young people did not have
opportunities.
This led to class and tribal tensions.
COLONIAL RULE
Direct rule was practiced by the French.
 The French ruled African areas with their
own leaders and assimilated Africans into
French culture.
 Africans could also run for office and even
serve in the French National Assembly.
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AFRICAN NATIONALISM
A new class emerged – Africans educated in
colonial schools or in European nations.
 Some of the members of this new class agreed
with the spreading of Western ideas into their
homes culture.
 Others resented the foreigners, they believed
that democracy was not practiced in their home
countries. This led to movements seeking the
end of foreign rule.
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Review Activity
1. Using your notes and the Reading Essentials
Study Guide, shade the areas of the Africa map
that were controlled by European countries:
Remember there were 7 countries that colonized
Africa!
 2. Summarize in writing two important facts
and ideas that occurred in each area of Africa:
North, East, West, Central and South. Focus on
the motives of Imperialism and provide
specifics, you may also include historical facts.
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BELLWORK: Number a sheet of paper 1-5 and fill
in the blanks.
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1. The ________ led the British to take an interest in
controlling the country of Egypt.
2. _________ used brutality and starvation to control
the people of the Congo.
3. The ________ controlled the area of the Gold Coast,
which is also known as _______.
4. The defeat of the Boers led to the _____________
controlling _______________.
5. The Italians were shamefully defeated by
___________, in their quest to conquer territory in
Africa.