Transcript Three Estates Activity

BELLRINGER: 11/30
 Pick
up the papers by the door.
 Take out your French Revolution estate doll.
 If you turned yours into me, check the back
counter to pick yours up.
 Take out your vocab so you can check them
against the key in a minute.
 Make these Table of Contents updates:
 66: Notes: French Revolution – Part 1
 67: DBQ Activity: Causes of the French
Revolution
HOMEWORK: 11/30
Begin reviewing vocabulary
 Finish primary source activity (if necessary)

AGENDA: 11/30
1. Bellringer: Estates Doll
 2. Notes: French Revolution Part 1
 3. DBQ Activity: Causes of the French Revolution
 4. Finish French Revolution Documentary (if
time permits)

THE PEOPLE OF THE
FRENCH REVOLUTION
THE THREE ESTATES


Before the revolution the French people were divided
into three groups
Legally the first two estates enjoyed many
privileges, particularly exemption from most
taxation.
THE FIRST ESTATE

Made up of the clergy (1% of the
population)

Controlled about 5-10% of the land
Diversity among the clergy:
 There were very wealthy abbots, who lived
in luxury off of wealthy church lands.


There were poor parish priests, who lived
much like the peasants.
THE SECOND ESTATE



Made up of the nobility

About 2-7% of the population

Owned 25% of the land
inherited their titles
However, most enjoyed both privileges
and wealth ($$$).
THE THIRD ESTATE
 Made
up of the common people –
largest group in France.

About 90% of the population

Owned about 40-50% of the land
INCLUDES:

Doctors and lawyers
 Shopkeepers
 The urban poor
 The peasants
 Bourgeoisie

LOUIS XVI
 Louis
XVI was an awkward,
clumsy man who had a good
heart but was unable to relate
to people on a personal
level.
– He often appeared unfeeling and gruff.
– He was insecure and seems to have disliked
being King of France.

When one of his ministers resigned, he was
heard to remark, "Why can't I resign too?"
MARIE ANTOINETTE
 Marie
Antoinette, in her
early years as Queen,
was flighty and
irresponsible.

She spent huge amounts
of money on clothes,
buying a new dress
nearly every other day.

Being Austrian, she was
terribly unpopular in
France and had few
friends.
FRANCE
ATTEMPTS TO
FIX ITS
PROBLEMS
CALLING THE ESTATES
GENERAL
 The
King attempted to solve the
financial crisis by removing some of
the nobles' tax exemptions.

However, the nobility saw themselves as
special, with better blood, and were
entitled to all of their class privileges.
 No
progress was made
The meeting of the Estates General May 5, 1789
First
Estate =
1 Vote or
130,000
Votes
THE TENNIS COURT OATH
 The
Third Estate felt like nothing was being
accomplished
 They met on a local tennis court pledging
to not leave until the King agreed to meet
their demands.

Their oath is known as the Tennis Court Oath.

It said: "The National Assembly, considering that
it has been summoned to establish the
constitution of the kingdom... decrees that all
members of this assembly shall immediately take
a solemn oath not to separate... until the
constitution of the kingdom is established on firm
foundations..." June 20, 1789
The Tennis Court Oath by Jacques Louis David
THIRD ESTATE TRIUMPHS


The King was unwilling to use force and
eventually ordered the First and Second
estates to join the new National Assembly.
The Third Estate had won.
THE STORMING OF THE BASTILLE


On July 14, 1789, a mob of revolutionaries,
joined by some of the King's soldiers,
stormed the Bastille, a prison as a symbol of
the king and his government.
The commander of the Bastille, de Launay,
attempted to surrender, but the mob would
not accept it.
He was killed as they poured through the gates.
 No guard was left alive.

The Fall of the Bastille
CHAOS IN
FRANCE
THE GREAT FEAR

By the end of July
and beginning of
September there
were riots in the
countryside
THE GREAT FEAR


Peasants burned
their nobles'
chateaux
destroyed
documents
containing feudal
obligations
THE NIGHT OF AUGUST 4
 The
National Assembly responded to the Great
Fear. On the Night of August 4, 1789, one by
one members of the nobility and clergy rose
to give up:





Feudal dues
Serfdom
The tithe
Hunting and fishing rights
Personal privileges.
 In
one night feudalism was destroyed in
France.
TRANSFER OF
POWER FROM
LOUIS XVI TO
THE
REIGN OF
TERROR
THE NEW CONSTITUTION,
1789-1791
A new constitution was written by the National
Assembly
 It limited many rights of the king and nobles



Louis XVI did NOT like the constitution but he
played along with it anyway
Represented the end of the monarchy in France
THE EXECUTION OF LOUIS
XVI
 The
constitutional monarchy put in place by
moderate revolutionaries gave way to a
radical republic.
 The
National Convention put Louis XVI on
trial for his crimes.


“conspiring against the liberty of a nation”
Verdict = guilty  execution in 1793
DBQ ACTIVITY:


In groups of TWO (or alone), you will read through the documents presented
in the DBQ packet you picked up at the door (Page 67 in your notebook).
While we will NOT write an essay, you will have to (in your groups)
determine which documents support the causes of the French Revolution as
outlined in your notes. You will sort the documents (they can and should
belong to more than one category) into the following groups:
Political
Social
Economic
Intellectual/
Philosophical
Document #:
Why:
Document #:
Why:
Document #:
Why:
Document #:
Why:
Document #:
Why:
Document #:
Why
Document #:
Why:
Document #:
Why:
BELLRINGER: 12/2
 Pick
up the papers by the door.
 Take out your French Revolution estate doll.
 If you turned yours into me, check the back
counter to pick yours up.
 Make these Table of Contents updates:
 68: Notes: French Revolution – Part 2
 69: Reign of Terror Activity
 70: Map Activities: The French Empire and
Latin American Revs.
HOMEWORK: 12/2
Study for your vocab quiz next class (FRIDAY!)
 Finish map activity if it is not completed in class

AGENDA: 12/2
1. Bellringer
 2. Notes: French Revolution Part 2
 3. Reign of Terror Activity
 4. Map Activity: French Empire and Latin
American Revolutions

THE REIGN OF
TERROR
COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC
SAFETY


Committee was set up to help the French
Revolution survive
It tried people very quickly for going against
the revolution
MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE



Head of the Committee of
Public Safety
"Terror is nothing other than
justice: prompt, severe,
inflexible"
"the end justifies the means"
THE REIGN OF TERROR
 Anyone
who went against the revolution was
executed.
 Public
executions were considered social as
events and educational. Women were
encouraged to sit and knit during trials and
executions.
 The
Revolutionary Tribunal ordered the
execution of 2,400 people in Paris by July
1794. Across France 30,000 people lost their
lives.
WATCH COMMITTEES
 Most
of the people rounded up were not
aristocrats, but ordinary people.

A man (and his family) might go to the guillotine for
saying something critical of the revolutionary
government.

Watch Committees around the nation were
encouraged to arrest "suspected persons, ... those
who, either by their conduct or their relationships,
by their remarks or by their writing, are shown to
be partisans of tyranny and federalism and enemies
of liberty" (Law of Suspects, 1793).
NAPOLEON’S
TAKEOVER
THE DIRECTORY



People were tired of instability and bloodshed
and were ready for something more moderate.
By 1795, the republic was gone, and 5 men
with business interests had the executive
power in France.
This new government was called The
Directory.


It was far more conservative than the Jacobin
republic had been.
It was also ineffectual.
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
 The
people readily
accepted the coup d'etat
[quick seizure of power] of
Napoleon Bonaparte in
1799.
 The
revolution was over.
Or was it?
NAPOLEON AND HIS
ACCOMPLISHMENTS:
Replaced the Directory by gaining military
support
 Crowned himself king in 1804


Accomplishments





Restructured the government
Created public schools
Bank of France
Napoleonic Code
Peace w/ Catholic Church
VIEW OF NAPOLEON


Most European countries supported the
revolution and as a result were against
Napoleon
Napoleon was a power hungry and land hungry
leader
WHO LIKES NAPOLEON?

France Controlled






Spain
Italy
Poland
Netherlands
Switzerland
Confederation of the
Rhine

France was friends
with
Austria
 Prussia
 Denmark
 Norway

THE FALL OF
NAPOLEON AND
FRANCE
THE PROBLEM WITH RUSSIA


Then Napoleon invaded Russia and was
defeated, killing over 500,000 of his troops
Russia, Prussia, Spain, England, Austria and
Italy all ganged up on France and sent troops to
help Russia.

Napoleon was defeated

Battle of Waterloo = devastating defeat
AFTER WATERLOO…


Napoleon was exiled to Elba (island off the coast
of Italy) then to Saint Helena
He was placed under house arrest from 1815
until 1821 when he died
NAPOLEON AND THE
CONGRESS OF VIENNA

Napoleon took so much land throughout Europe

1815 – Congress of Vienna
France was forced to give up its newly claimed land
and repay war damages ($$$)
 Bourban Louis XVIII was recognized as the heir
