Transcript File

World War 1
Ms. West
Holly Springs High School
Welcome – Find your Group!
Station 1
1. Molly A
2. Sami
3. Alejandro
4. Katelyn
5. Izaak
Station 2
1. Grace
2. Alexandra
3. Cole
4. Evan
5. Trever
Station 3
1. David
2. Ashleigh
3. Bridget
4. Molly H.
5. Ian
Station 4
1. Jacklyn
2. Jessica
3. Kaleb
4. Dehlia
5. Amber
6. Nick
Station 5
1. Hannah
2. Makayla
3. Annie
4. Maddie
5. Cade
6. Ally
Welcome – Find your Group!
Station 1
1. Rodrigo
2. Lilly
3. Maddie
4. Mariah
Station 3
1. Nick F.
2. Patricia
3. Kaitlyn
4. Evan
Station 2
1. Sam
2. Tyler
3. Sara
4. Ben
Station 4
1. Spencer
2. Gemini
3. Yusef
4. Jatin
Station 5
1. Morgan
2. Eduardo
3. Nick R.
4. Kayla
Welcome – Find your Group!
Station 1
1. Olivia
2. Chris
3. Collin
4. Xander
5. Hailey
6. Simon
7. Nolan
Station 2
1. Emma
2. Grace
3. Molly
4. Cayton
5. Lina
6. Raelee
Station 3
1. Cody
2. Kyle
3. Neb
4. Alli
5. Josie
6. Ryan P.
7. Eli
Station 4
1. Ryan F.
2. Dylan
3. Cameron
4. Rachel
5. Abby
6. Faith
7. Isabella
Station 5
1. Walter
2. Ben
3. Aubrey
4. Shyanne
5. Stephen
6. Cayleigh
7. Nicole
Do Now
• Pick up a copy of the class notes from the front of
the room.
• High 5 the person sitting next to you – talk with
them about 3 things you learned from the M.A.I.N
Causes of World War 1 Document
• Essential Question
• Why was Europe on the brink of war in 1914?
• What happened on the Western Front?
• Golden Hawk Historians will
• Analyze the causes of World War I and how they
contributed to the start of the war.
• Evaluate the extent to which technology, geography, and
propaganda impacted the war.
• Analyze the Treaty of Versailles.
MAIN Causes of War
• Why do we use the acronym MAIN for the causes of
war…other than the obvious factor that we are talking
about main causes of a war… 
Militarism
Militarism: European nations engaged in massive
military buildup of weapons and increased the size of
their standing armies.
• This left all European nations on edge knowing that
an attack could happen at any minute.
What would you do? (Jot it down silently)
• You (Andy) and your best friend Levin are standing in the hallway. Then your
friend Steven comes up. Steven hits Levin and demands his lunch money.
Levin is your best friend, but you and Steven have been friends since you all
were in elementary school. What do you do in this situation? How does
being friends with both of them make this decision difficult?
Alliances
• Alliances: European countries formed partnerships to protect
themselves from potential attacks by other nations.
• Allied Powers: France, Great Britain, and Russia
(eventually the United States).
• Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Imperialism
• Imperialism: Rival nations sought to keep and gain power over
other European nations by gaining and maintaining colonies.
• Examples?
• How do you think this led to conflict?
Nationalism
• Nationalism: People felt loyalty and devotion to their country
or culture.
• Nationalism had led to the formation of new countries in
Europe and disrupted the original balance of power
established by the Congress of Vienna after the French
Revolution.
Stations
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You will complete each station with your assigned group members.
You will complete the stations packet that I will give you.
Follow all instructions on the packet for each station.
PLEASE ask for help if you run into a roadblock/are confused/have
technology errors, etc. I want to help you!! 
Do Now
• What do you know about World War I? Write
down (bullet points) as much as you can!
• Pick up the purple sheet and WW1 notes from the
front table.
Time Frame
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1914 to 1918
Called the Great War
Most of the fighting took place in Europe…Especially France
United States didn’t become involved MILITARILY until 1917
Breakout of War
• June 1914 – Young Serbian man shot and killed
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne
of Austria-Hungary.
• This was “the straw that broke the camel’s back”
So what happened?
July 1914
In retaliation, AustriaHungary declared war on
Serbia.
July - August 1914
One by one, the other
nations of Europe were
pulled into the war
because of their
alliances:
Domino Effect
Germany declared war on Russia.
Germany declared war on France.
Great Britain declared war on Germany.
Austria-Hungary declared war on Russia.
France & Great Britain declared war on Austria-Hungary.
Alliances
• Allies
• Great Britain, France, Russia, and eventually the United
States (1917)
• Central Powers
• Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary
Where
The war quickly bogged
down in France. The
battle line in France was
called the Western Front
. Most of the major
battles of the war took
place in France, on the
Western Front.
Germans During the War
• Schlieffen Plan – Called for troops to defeat France in the West
and head East to defeat the Russians.
• First phase  Germans invaded France through Belgium, who
was neutral. (this is what drove Great Britain to declare war).
• Swift defeat of France?
• A failure – war came to a stalemate (no side was able to win)
• As a result, that is why sides dig trenches to protect themselves
from attack.
Battle of Marne
• September 1914
• Allied troops drove the Germans back and they had to
dig their own trenches.
• This region of upper France was known as the Western
Front.
Trench Warfare
More about the trenches…
• Life in the trenches was horrible –
• Trenches filled with water causing thick mud and
unsanitary conditions
• Removing dead bodies was near impossible
• Lice, rats, and other creatures were present.
• Soldiers would be ordered “over the top” to attack
the enemy across no man’s land, the area between
opposing trenches.
Trenches
• Think back to the class trench warfare simulation.
What weapons were used and why?
New Technology/Weapons
• As a result of trench warfare new weapons were developed to win the war.
• Poisonous Gas was used to blind, choke, or burn victims, but it was of little value due
to changes in wind and the invention of the gas mask.
• Rapid-fire machine guns were extremely effective at shooting long distance.
• Tanks and aircraft were both first used in WWI.
• Tanks were used to cross the rough battlefield terrain in between the trenches.
• Aircraft were used to observe enemy positions at the beginning of the war and then the
competing powers began to strap machine guns to the airplanes to make them lethal.
Battle of Verdun
• Germany was making plans for the French fortress of Verdun to kill or
injure as many French soldiers as possible.
• The battle killed nearly 400,000 French but nearly the same number of Germans.
• The battle resulted in a stalemate.
Battle of Somme
• The British launched their own attack to try to pull Germans away
from Verdun at the Somme River in France.
• Both sides lost an immense number of troops.
• The battle resulted in a stalemate.
US Involvement
• The United States does not get involved until 1917.
• Before 1917, the United States was “uninvolved” but supplied resources to
great Britain.
• The United States had strong economic and political ties to Great
Britain.
• Should we have helped them?
In May 1915, a German U-boat (submarine) torpedoed the British passenger ship
Lusitania killing 1,198 people including 128 Americans. U.S. President Woodrow Wilson
demanded that Germany stop unrestricted submarine warfare. Germany agreed temporarily.
Another Reason the US Got Involved
• The Zimmerman Note
• a note from German diplomat Arthur Zimmerman
to officials in Mexico, was discovered and proposed
that Mexico attack the United States in return for
territories that had been lost in a prior conflict with
the United States.
In April 1917, the United States declared war on
Germany. By June, American troops arrived in France.
The American arrival helped boost moral on the
Western Front.
At the Second Battle of the Marne, 85,000 Americans helped the
Allies halt the German advance and forced the Germans back. For
the rest of the war, the Allies advanced steadily. By September
1918, the Germans had lost all of the territory they had gained since
the Spring.
On the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th Month, 1918 Germany
agreed to an armistice, an end to the fighting. (November 11, 1918).
About 8.5 million soldiers had died in the war and about 21 million
were wounded.
Do Now
• Take out your Treaty of Versailles Homework – put it on your desk.
• Get in your groups – you have 10 minutes from when the bell rings to
complete your newspaper assignment.
• Colored pencils are on the middle self of my cart 
In January 1918, before the war had ended United
States President Wilson presented a plan for peace
called the Fourteen Points . It was a list of terms
Wilson believed would resolve this and future wars.
To Wilson, the 14th point was
the most important. It created
an association of nations to
peacefully settle disputes. This
association became the
League of Nations. Many
European nations joined the
League of Nations, but the U.S.
did not.
The Treaty of Versailles:
a) forced Germany to accept full blame for the war
b) stripped Germany of its colonies and most of its
armed forces.
c) forced Germany to pay $33 billion in reparations to
pay for the destruction of the war
Newspaper Article
• Pick your groups, work in groups of
• 1st period: 4(and 2 groups of 5)
• 2nd period: 4
• 3rd period: 4 (and 2 groups of 5)
• Sit quietly with your group and turn your attention to me. Wait quietly for instructions
( yes you can sit on the floor, but you will end up needing space to write)
Newspaper Article
• I am going to bring you a piece of “newspaper” paper (ha!)
• You are going to write on three topics (three articles) in your groups – The topics
are “On the Battlefield”, “At Home”, and “Around the Globe”.
• Write three newspaper articles (one for each topic). Each article should choose
something from your notes or the stations activity that accurately discusses some of
the information from these categories. You can add some fiction to the story.
(individuals names, families’ information.
• Add art to your newspaper. Each newspaper article should be accompanied by a
propaganda poster or an image that represents what is talked about in the article.
Russia and World War I
• Czar Nicholas II of Russia promised change after the revolution of 1905,
however little change had been seen.
• A small Marxist group known as the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir
Lenin wanted to overthrow the czar so that the people could gain
power over Russia and rule as a socialist country.
• The Bolsheviks wanted an elite group to lead the revolution and
keep much of the power over Russia.
Russia (continued)
• Czar Nicholas had hoped that World War I would help unite the country,
but Russia’s factories were not able to produce enough military supplies
and the military was not prepared to fight.
• The Russian army was losing many battles and many more soldiers.
• At home, the economic situation was worsening as famine grew.
The Russian Revolution
• On March 8, 1917
• Russian citizens took to the streets of Petrograd, the Russian
capital, to protest the lack of food and fuel.
• Czar Nicholas II ordered the Russian legislature to disband, but
they refused.
• The people, the military, and the legislature refused to listen to the
czar  Bye, bye monarchy!
Provisional Government Issues
• A provisional government was put into place, but the Russian
people did not feel like it was doing enough to meet their needs.
• The Bolsheviks were leading the opposition to the provisional
government.
Total Government Control
• The October Revolution was led by the Bolshevik Red
Guard, armed factory workers, against the Provisional
government.
• Lenin established a communist government quickly
making private ownership of land illegal and took control
of Russia’s factory system.
After the Revolution
• After the Revolution Lenin ended Russia’s involvement in WWI
but had to accept harsh terms of surrender and give up a large
chunk of its empire.
• This upset many Russians. An opposition movement to the
Bolsheviks formed called the White Army.
• Eventually the Bolshevik’s triumphed in 1920.
After the Revolution
• As a result of the civil war many Russians were poor and suffering.
• Lenin introduced a New Economic Policy that allowed some capitalist activity such as
selling food for a profit, to encourage more food production.
• In 1922, following WWI, Russia joined with several neighboring lands that
had been previously a part of the Russian Empire in Eastern Europe.
• These new countries formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – or Soviet
Union.