Transcript Robert Bledsoe

The Great War
By: George Bryan and Rob
Bledsoe
The Road to World War
Definition of terms:
• Conscription – A military draft, which was
established as a regular practice in most
western countries before 1914.
• (note:The United States and Britain were
exceptions.)
The Road to World War I
Definition of terms:
• Mobilization – The process of assembling
troops and supplies and making them
ready for war.
• In 1914, mobilization was considered an
act of war.
• (note: On July 28, Czar Nicholas II ordered
partial mobilization of the Russian army
against Austria-Hungary.)
The Road to World War I
Definition of terms:
• Archduke Francis Ferdinard – Was the
heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary,
when he was then assassinated by Gavrilo
Princip (a 19 year- old Bosnian Serb: note;
who succeeded in shooting both the
archduke and his wife.)
The Road to World War I
Definition of terms:
• Emperor William II – Was emperor of
Germany (note: said he would support
Austria in there attack on Serbia and even
if Austria-Hungary went to war)
The Road to World War I
Definition of terms:
• Czar Nicholas II – Russian ruler who
ordered partial mobilization of the Russian
army against Austria-Hungary to support
Serbia’s cause.
The Road to World War I
Definition of terms:
• Triple Alliance – Was formed by Germany,
Austria-Hungary, and Italy in 1882.
• (note: 3 of the 6 European great powers
divided into an alliance)
The Road to World War I
Definition of terms:
• Triple Entente – Was formed by France,
Great Britain, and Russia in 1907.
• (note: 3 of the 6 European great powers
divided into an alliance)
The Road to World War I
Definition of terms:
• Militarism – Is the reliance on military
strength
The Road to World War I
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Ethnic groups left without nations
Slavic minorities in the Balkans
The Hapsburg Empire
The Irish in the British
Empire
• The Poles in the Russian
Empire
• All had the dream of creating
their own national states.
The Road to World War I
• The creation of military plans drew the
nations of Europe into world war one
• Due to the large size of the armies tension
grew and if war did break out devastation
would be great
• To increase the size of their
armies, almost all western
countries established a
conscription, or military
draft
• Military leaders drew up vast and complex
plans for quickly mobilizing millions of men
and enormous quantities of supplies in the
event of war
The Road to World War I
• Decisions made by European leaders
• On June 28, 1914 Arch Duke Francis
Ferdinand was killed by Gavirilo Princip
• Austrian feared Russian; friend Germany
• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
• When Russia ignored Germany’s warning
Germany declared war on Russia
• Germany could not mobilize troops
solely against Russia so they declared war on France on august 3
• Great Britain declared war on Germany
The Road to World War I
• Chief domestic problems
• Socialists used violent strikes to achieve
their goals
• Conservative leaders alarmed because of
increase in labor strife and class division
• Desire to suppress
internal disorder
may have encouraged leaders to
take plunge into
war
The War
• Total War
• Neither country could gain an upper hand
• Many people believed the war could be
over in a matter of weeks
• Germans halted a short distance from
Paris at the first Battle of the Marne
• War at stalemate, either side needed an
extra push to win
The War
• What the government did
• DORA allowed the government to arrest
protestors as traitors
• Newspapers censored
• Exaggerated German
atrocities in Belgium
The War
• Increased government powers
• Drafted tens of millions of young men
• Free market capitalistic systems were
temporarily put aside
• Governments set up price, wage, and rent
controls
• Rationed food supplies and materials
• Regulated imports and exports
• Took over transportation systems and
industries
The War
• The war and women
• Women took over men’s jobs
• Women in jobs that
once had been considered
beyond their capacity
• Chimney sweepers, truck
drivers, farm laborers, and
factory workers in heavy industry’s
The War
• United States involvement
• On March 7, 1915 British ship Lusitania
was sunk by German forces
• 1100 civilians died including over 100
Americans
• May 31, 1916 battle of Jutland (no winner)
• Germany reinstated
unrestricted submarine warfare
• April 1917 United States
enters war
The War
• Trenches
• “live and let live” system
– Not shelling the latrines
– Not attacking during breakfast
• British trench magazine
B.E.F. Times
• Own humor magazines
The Russian Revolution
• Main causes
• Germany shipped Lenin to Russia, hoping
to create disorder
• Czar went to war leaving his wife to make
all the decisions
• She was manipulated
and the Czar rule
stumbled its way through
a series of military and
economic disasters
The Russian Revolution
• World war one
• Russia’s allies sent troupes to bring them
back into the war
• Troupes gave material aid
to Anti-Communist forces
• Communists took total
command of Russia
• Russia largely hostile to
Allied powers
The Russian Revolution
• Allied troupes helped the communist
– Disunity
– Political differences
– Could not cooperate
effectively with one
another
• Communist
government
called on patriotic
Russians to fight
foreign attempts to
control the country
The Russian Revolution
• Communist steps
– Government control of banks and most industries
– The seizing of grain from peasants
– The centralization of states administration
• Czar and family murdered
and burned on July
16 under communist
control
• Cheka began a Red
Terror to destroy
opposed people
The End of the War
• Treaty of Versailles
– Germany and Austria
had to pay reparations
– German had to reduce
army to 100,000 men
– Cut back its navy and eliminate its air force
– Germany gave back Alsace and Lorraine
– Parts of eastern Germany were give to Polish
states
– German land on both sides of Rhine made a
demilitarized Zone
The End of the War
• Mandate system
– Woodrow Wilson had opposed the outright
annexation of colonial territories by the Allies
• France took control of Lebanon and Syria
• Britain received Iraq and Pallestine
The End of the War
• Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
– Reaching peace
agreements openly
rather than through
secret diplomacy
– Reducing
armaments
– Ensuring
self-determination
The Impact of the Great War
Country
Mobilized
Killed
Wounded
Total
Casualties
Africa1
55,000
10,000
unknown
unknown
-
Australia
330,000
59,000
152,000
211,000
64%
AustriaHungary*tt
6,500,000
1,200,000
3,620,000
4,820,000
74%
Belgium*
207,000
13,000
44,000
57,000
28%
Bulgaria*
400,000
101,000
153,000
254,000
64%
Canada
620,000
67,000
173,000
241,000
39%
The Caribbean2
21,000
1,000
3,000
4,000
19%
French Empire*tt
7,500,000
1,385,000
4,266,000
5,651,000
75%
Germany*t
11,000,000
1,718,000
4,234,000
5,952,000
54%
Great Britain*tt
5,397,000
703,000
1,663,000
2,367,000
44%
Greece*
230,000
5,000
21,000
26,000
11%
India3
1,500,000
43,000
65,000
108,000
7%
Italy*tt
5,500,000
460,000
947,000
1,407,000
26%
Japan*tt
800,000
250
1,000
1,250
0.2%
Montenegro*
50,000
3,000
10,000
13,000
26%
New Zealand
110,000
18,000
55,000
73,000
66%
The Impact of the Great War
•The Totals are that
171892500 people
were killed or wounded
on both sides
The Impact of the Great War
• Monetary cost of war
• $23,000,000,000
• Reparations demanded by Allied Powers
in dollars $82,400,000,000.
• Direct Cost of
war to
belligerents
$1913
dollars
The Impact of the Great War
• Military innovations
– Planes
– Mustard gas
– Rapid fire guns
– Tanks
– U-boats
– Armed cars
The Impact of the Great War
• Painter began painting rougher images
• It was a dark time
• Many people were changed because of
the wars massive destruction
The Impact of the Great War
• Writing got dark
• It was about death
• So many people saw
things that they could
not get out
of there head
In Flanders Fields
In Flanders fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses, row on row
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields.
The Impact of the Great War
• France feared Germany
• France had to rebuild its cities
• There was a decrease in the
mail population
• Women had to take over
The Impact of the Great War
• Pacifism-opposition to war or violence of
any kind
• The destruction made many people sick
• They could not get images out of there
head
• There was so much death and blood that
people could not go back to living a normal
life
Now theThe
Real
End!!!!!!!!!!!!!
END!!!!!!!
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This is the end………
Thank you for reading……….
Drive safe home……….
But if you are reading at home…….
Walk safely to bed………
Or………….
Go to the next presentation safely……
Thank You!!!!!!!!!!!!
What we used
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The Great War; http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/index.html 10/26/06
The Great War; http://www.pitt.edu/~pugachev/greatwar/ww1.html 10/26/06
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World war one trenches on the web;
http://www.worldwar1.com/maps/php00a.jpg 10/26/06
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World war one trenches on the web;
http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/ch1_explosion.html 10/26/06
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Woodrow Wilson;
http://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&q=woodrow+wilso
n+14+points 10/26/06
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WEAPONS & EQUIPMENT;
http://www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwr2.htm#weapons 10/26/06
ANNOUNCEMENTS
https://blackboard.richland2.org/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab=courses&
url=/bin/common/course.pl?course_id=_2364_1 10/27/06
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