Transcript Printable Notes 16

Napoleon
Bonaparte
How did Napoleon gain power?
• During
the time of the Directory Napoleon was in
the French military making a name for himself.
 He led armies in Italy, Austria, Switzerland, &
Egypt.
• While
he was in Egypt he heard about how weak
and unpopular the Directory was & decided to
take advantage.
• In
1799, Bonaparte staged a coup d'état and
took the title of First Consul.
• Coup d'état (coo de ta)
• a sudden (often violent) attempt by a small
group to take over a government.
What did Napoleon do for France?
•
He stabilized France’s economy
• a national banking system
•
He set up a fair taxation system
•
He ended government corruption
•
He improved the roads and sewer systems of France
•
He restored the position of the Catholic Church in France
• gaining the favor of the people and of the Pope.
•
He created a system of laws known as the Code Civil or
Napoleonic Code.
Napoleon Becomes Emperor
•
In 1804, with the support of the people,
Napoleon crowned himself emperor.
•
Napoleon wanted to create an Empire, and by
1812, he controlled much of Europe.
Napoleonic Wars
What were the Napoleonic Wars?
•
The Napoleonic Wars began after Napoleon
declared himself emperor in 1804.
•
He began trying to conquer neighboring
countries in Europe.
•
His goal was to take over all of Europe.
What did the Napoleonic Wars Accomplish?
•
They expanded French territory in Europe.
 The French Empire included: France, Spain,
Portugal, Germany, Italy, and other lands.
•
He could never beat Britain and Russia.
•
The Napoleonic Wars also caused Napoleon to lose
power.
How did the Napoleonic Wars End?
•
Beginning in 1812, Napoleon made three mistakes that led to
his downfall:
 The Blockade of Britain - (called the Continental System) Napoleon wanted to
hurt England by blocking any British trade goods from coming into mainland
Europe. France’s navy was (embarrassingly) beat by England’s navy.
 The Peninsular War - France and Spain were Allies. Napoleon overthrew the
king and put his brother in charge. Napoleon tried to take over the Iberian
Peninsula. Spain, Portugal & England’s navy fought against France to keep them
from taking over Portugal and Spain (Iberian Peninsula). The Spanish used
guerilla warfare to push France out.
 The Invasion of Russia - trying to take over Russia was his biggest mistake. He
sent his troops deep into Russia in the fall and he got stuck deep in Siberia
without supplies during the winter before they could get out. Only 10% of his
soldiers survived.
•
These defeats were pretty embarrassing for Napoleon
What was the immediate impact
of the Napoleonic Wars?
•
The immediate impact was the development and spread of
Nationalism and other revolutions in Europe.
•
While Napoleon’s armies were conquering other nations, French
soldiers were spreading ideas of the Enlightenment (natural rights,
social contract, and limited government), changes in government
(Monarchy to Republic), and their own Revolution (Life, Liberty &
Fraternity!!).
•
These ideas indirectly led to Napoleon’s defeat.
Napoleon’s Decline
What happened to Napoleon?
•
The major losses of the Napoleonic Wars caused
Napoleon to lose favor with the people in France.
•
Finally after losses to England and Germany the French
government agreed to peace terms.
• Get rid of Napoleon and we will leave you alone.
•
In 1814, Napoleon surrendered his throne and was
exiled (kicked out) to Elba.
•
He was allowed to be leader of Elba (this was intended to be an insult to him)
(Elba was a small island off the coast of Italy w/ 12000 people on it). Shortly
after he was there he tried to kill himself (poison). Once he recovered (NOT
EVEN POISON COULD DESTROY NAPOLEON!!) he made the most of his time
by building a military, creating iron mines, improving agriculture on the
island just for fun.
Napoleon’s not finished.
What were the Hundred Days?
•
He began to hear rumors that he was going to be shipped to a more
remote island and decided to make a move.
•
He escaped from Elba in 1815 & went back to France.
•
Word got to the new government of France that he escaped and
they sent a military regiment to capture him.
 Napoleon approached the regiment alone, dismounted his horse and, when he was
within gunshot range, shouted, "Here I am. Kill your Emperor, if you wish.” The soldiers
responded with, "Vive L'Empereur!" (“Long live the Emperor!) and marched with
Napoleon to Paris.
•
He gathered his allies, and in the Hundred Days, regained power
in France for 100 days.
How did his Hundred Days end?
•
Hearing of his return, England and Prussia attacked
him.
•
Napoleon didn’t have the manpower to defeat his
enemies.
•
Napoleon’s final defeat came at The Battle of Waterloo
June 18, 1815.
•
After this defeat he was exiled, again. This time to St.
Helena (off the coast of Africa) where he would
eventually die.
Napoleon’s Legacy
What was Napoleon’s legacy?
• Napoleon’s
• He
empire collapsed in 1815
left behind an important legacy:
Widespread nationalism among the people of
Europe.
What is Nationalism?
• Loyalty
to a nation NOT a ruler. Pride in one’s own
country that is based on shared customs, a common
history, shared language and religion. It is the cultural
identity of a county and its people.
How did Napoleon cause the development of
Nationalism in Europe?
•
During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon tried to force French
culture in those countries.
•
As a result, the conquered people became more loyal to their own
nations, cultures, & customs.
•
Citizens of conquered lands such as Austria, Prussia, Italy, and
Portugal wanted to eliminate the French presence in order to
gain self-rule. (Just like America and France!!!)
 People from other cultures and nationalities didn’t like some French guy telling them
what to do!
•
The idea of Nationalism developed and began to spread
throughout Europe.