Transcript napoleon bonapartex

Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
• Napoleon was born on a tiny island off the coast of
Italy. Originally he did not like France.
• He joined the military and fought in a series of
battles earning high praise for his hard work and
intelligence.
• He was quickly promoted through the ranks.
• Napoleon was known to be very short (5’7”) and
very hot tempered.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
• He was not a bad leader (he actually did really great
things for France) he was just very ambitious and
egotistical.
• Napoleon unintentionally encouraged nationalism and
rebellion in surrounding European countries that he was
trying to take over and Latin America.
• He also helped to make America even stronger by selling
us a huge amount of land, the Louisiana Purchase, for 3
cents per acre. (42 cents modern day)
How did Napoleon gain power?
During the time of the Directory
Napoleon was in the French military
making a name for himself.
In 1799, Bonaparte staged a coup d’etat
and took the title of First Consul.
Coup d’etat
(coo de taaa)
• To overthrow or take over the government
What did Napoleon do for France?
• He stabilized France’s economy by
starting a national banking system
• He set up a fair taxation system
• He ended government corruption.
• He restored the position of the Catholic
Church in France, gaining the favor of
the people and of the Pope.
• He wrote a uniform system of laws
known as the Napoleonic Code.
Napoleon Becomes Emperor
• In 1804, with the support of the
people, Napoleon crowned himself
emperor.
• Napoleon wanted to create an Empire,
and by 1812, he controlled most of
Europe.
If the French Revolution’s goal was to get rid of an
absolute ruler, why were the people so eager to
support Napoleon?
• He was taking care of their needs, treating them
fairly, and making France a world power which
hadn’t been done in a long time.
What did the Napoleonic Wars Accomplish?
• The Napoleonic Wars began after Napoleon declared
himself emperor in 1804.
• He began trying to conquer neighboring countries in
Europe.
• The French Empire included: France, parts of Spain
and Portugal to the West, parts of modern-day
Germany and Italy, and other lands to the East.
• Napoleon could never defeat Britain and Russia
• Which would eventually lead to his defeat.
Before Napoleon
France after Napoleon
How did the Napoleonic Wars End?
• Beginning in 1812, Napoleon made three mistakes that led
to his downfall:
• The blockade of Britain (called the Continental System)
(France’s navy was (embarrassingly) beat by England’s navy)
• the Peninsular War (Getting involved against England’s navy
again to try to take over parts of Portugal and Spain.)
• The invasion of Russia (trying to take over Russia was his
biggest mistake. He sent his troops deep into Russia in the
fall and got stuck deep in Russia without supplies during the
winter before they could get out. Only 10% of his soldiers
survived.)
• These defeats were pretty embarrassing for Napoleon
Napoleon’s Exile
• In 1814, Napoleon surrendered his throne and was exiled to
Elba.
• He escaped from Elba in 1815, gathered his allies, and in the
Hundred Days, tried to regain power in France.
• Napoleon’s final defeat came at Waterloo, after which he was
exiled again to St. Helena where he would eventually die.
• Although his empire collapsed in 1815, he left behind an
important legacy; widespread nationalism among the people
of Europe.
What was the immediate impact of the
Napoleonic Wars?
• The immediate impact was the development and spread
of Nationalism and other revolutions in Europe.
• While Napoleon’s armies were conquering other
nations, French soldiers were spreading ideas of the
Enlightenment (natural rights, social contract, and
limited government), changes in government (Monarchy
to Republic), and their own Revolution ( Life, Liberty &
Fraternity!!).
• These ideas indirectly led to Napoleon’s defeat
How did Napoleon cause the development
of Nationalism in Europe?
• While taking over other nations
Napoleon was also trying to impose
French culture in those countries.
• Because of
the conquered people
began feeling more loyal to their own
nations, cultures, and customs.
• Citizens of conquered lands such as Austria, Prussia,
Italy, and Portugal wanted to eliminate the French
presence in order to gain self-rule. (Just like America
and France!!!)
• People from other cultures and nationalities didn’t
like some French guy telling them what to do!
• The idea of Nationalism developed and began to
spread throughout Europe.
What is Nationalism?
Loyalty to a nation NOT a ruler. Pride in
one’s own country that is based on shared
customs, a common history, shared
language and religion. It is the cultural
identity of a county and its people.
Congress of Vienna
•After Napoleon’s final defeat, representatives from across
Europe met at what was called the Congress of Vienna.
•At this meeting, they reestablished a balance of power
(Meaning: The restored all lands taken by Napoleon to
their rightful nation and put monarchs back on the thrones
of these nations.)
•Even after this, people still desired more freedoms and
limited governments.
Nationalist Movements
•Nationalist movements spread across Europe after 1815. This
means that the citizens of nations were desiring a change.
•The people leading these movements were liberals and radicals
(people wanting changes).
•There were two types of nationalist movements:
• Unification: people of common culture from different states being
joined together
• Separation: groups that broke away from their current government
to form one that more represented their interests.
Balkan Peninsula
•Nationalist movements began in the Balkan Region with
the nation of Greece in 1821.
•Greece rebelled against the Ottoman Empire and won
with the help of Britain, France, and Russia in 1830.
•Other revolutions occurred in Belgium, Italy, and Russia,
but they were crushed by the 1830s.
•Revolutions began to spread across Europe in 1848—most
were put down except in France.
Balkan Peninsula
Nationalism in Germany
•Germany had a unification movement.
•The German Confederation was made up of 39 states.
•Austria and Prussia were the largest and most powerful.
•Prussia had a powerful army and wanted to unify these
states into one Germany.
•Prussia’s king was Wilhelm I and he was supported by a
group known as the Junkers.
Nationalism in Germany
•Wilhelm I appointed Otto von Bismarck, a Junker, as the
Prime Minister of Prussia.
•Bismarck took full control of Prussia and ruled under a
policy called “realpolitik” (politics of reality).
•He said that decisions would be made by blood and iron
instead of speeches.
Nationalism in Italy
•Italy had a unification movement.
•Count Camillo di Cavour led the unification of the
northern Italian states.
•The kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia was the largest
and most powerful.
•Cavour won land from Austria in northern Italy.
Europe After Unifications
Changes on the European Map
•Four short wars were fought between 1859 and
1871.
•This redrew the map of Europe because of German
and Italian unification.
•After this time, for about 40 years, Europe
remained fairly peaceful.