Transcript Name of Your Country

WORLD HISTORY
Teacher: Ron Coleman
Grade: 10
California Standards
• 10.1 Students relate the moral and ethical
principles in ancient Greek and Roman
philosophy, in Judaism, and in Christianity
to the development of Western political
thought.
• 10.2 Students compare and contrast the
Glorious Revolution of England, the
American Revolution, and the French
Revolution and their enduring effects
worldwide on the political expectations for
self-government and individual liberty.
• 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the
Industrial Revolution in England, France,
Germany, Japan, and the United States.
California Standards
• 10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change
in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of
the following regions or countries: Africa,
Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America,
and the Philippines.
• 10.5 Students analyze the causes and course of
the First World War.
• 10.6 Students analyze the effects of the First
World War.
• 10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian
governments after World War I.
• 10.8 Students analyze the causes and
consequences of World War II.
California Standards
• 10.9 Students analyze the international
developments in the post-World World War II
world.
• 10.10 Students analyze instances of nationbuilding in the contemporary world in at least
two of the following regions or countries: the
Middle East, Africa, Mexico and other parts of
Latin America, and China.
• 10.11 Students analyze the integration of
countries into the world economy and the
information, technological, and
communications revolutions (e.g., television,
satellites, computers).
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 1 Notes # 1
Greek Civilizations – Began to thrive 3,500 years ago
City-State – Is a political unit made up of a city and the
surrounding lands. The Greek word for city-state is Polis.
Sparta – A Greek city-state known for their military
ideology.
Hoplite – A wooden shield covered in Bronze 3 feet in
Diameter. Used in a Phalanx formation.
Athens – Another Greek city that developed the idea of
democracy which means government by the people.
Tyrant – Leaders who gain power by force.
Solon - reformed Athens by outlawing debt slavery
opening high offices to more citizens, and giving the
assembly more power in government.
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 1 Notes # 1
• The Persian wars – A series a wars between the Persian
empire and the Greek city-states
• The age of Pericles – The years after the Persian Wars
were a golden age for Athens and a period of democratic
growth under the able statesman Pericles in which Athens
became powerful.
• Jury – Athenians were required to serve on a panel of
citizens who judge the outcome of a trial as part of their
Civic duty
• The Peloponnesian War – Sparta and Athens began a
war that lasted 27 years. with the help of Persia, Sparta
captured Athens and stripped it of its fleet and empire.
Class Quiz #1
1. At what age did Spartans begin military training?
A) 7
B) 10
C) 13
D) 16
2. Who was Pericles?
A) leader of Athens
B) ruler of Persia
C) Spartan warrior
D) Darius's son
3. A series a wars between the Persian empire and the Greek citystates?
A) Gallic Wars
B) Persian Wars
C) Egyptian Wars
D) Indian Wars
4. Which of the following was NOT a reform made by Solon of
Athens?
A) Increasing the restrictions on citizenship
C) Opened high offices to more citizens
B) Outlawed debt slavery
D) Gave the assembly more power
5. People who gain power by force are known as
A) oligarchs.
B) citizens.
C) Spartans.
D) tyrants.
Quick Write #1
In Athens only land owning
males were citizens. If you
got to decide who is a citizen
in the U.S. What would be
the qualifications?
http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?feature=player_detailpage
&v=r0T78tNS9u8
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 1 Notes # 2
• Philosophy – An organized system of thought. Philosopher
means “Love of wisdom”
• Socrates – was a Classical Greek philosopher. Credited as
one of the founders of Western philosophy. Developed the
Socratic Method which is a question and answer technique
used to examine life. Was tried for corrupting the youth and
disrespecting the gods.
• The student of Socrates - Plato was as much influenced by
Socrates and by his teacher's unjust death. He became
troubled by the possible corruption of Direct Democracy. The
masses of people of easily swayed.
• Plato - Plato wrote about the Ideal state in book “The
Republic”. In it he divided his ideal society into three
classes—workers to produce life's necessities, soldiers to
defend the state, and philosophers to rule
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 1 Notes # 2
• Aristotle – Favored a constitutional form of government
called the “polity”. He promoted Reason as a guiding force
in life. He was a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander
the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics,
metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric,
politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology.
• Aristotle’s Contribution to western Culture – He was
the first to create a comprehensive system of Western
philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic
and science, politics and metaphysics
• Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the most important
founding figures in Western philosophy.
Class Quiz #2
1. Which of the following was NOT a class in Plato's ideal society?
A) priests
B) workers
C) soldiers
D) philosopher-rulers
2. Who criticized the Sophists and helped people find moral truths?
A) Socrates
B) Sophocles C) Euripides D) Aeschylus
3. Plato's most famous student who analyzed forms of government was
A) Euripides. B) Herodotus. C) Socrates. D) Aristotle.
4. An organized system of thought which means “Love of wisdom”
A) Science
B) Mathematics C) Philosophy C) Art
5. the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy
A)Plato.
B) Herodotus.
C) Socrates.
D) Aristotle.
Quick Write #2
Why do you think that
many people in Athens felt
threatened by the questions
Socrates asked? Do you
think it is good to question
your government and
leaders?
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?feature=player_detailpag
e&v=Q-mkVSasZIM
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 1 Notes # 3
• The Hellenistic civilization - was a blend of
Persian, Greek, Egyptian, and Indian influence
• King Philip II – Ruler of Macedonia admired the
greek culture and sought to defeated the city-states
of Athens and Thebes and bring all of Greece
under one control. Philip had, after lengthy
campaigns and diplomatic manuvers, managed to
bring most of the city-states of mainland Greece
under Macedonian control in a League of Corinth.
• Stoicism – A philosophy that avoided desire and
taught to accept what ever life brought.
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 1 Notes # 3
• Alexander – Son of Philip, and popularly known as
Alexander the Great he was an Ancient Greek king of
Macedon. Born in Pella in 356 BC.
• Alexander succeeded his father Philip II of Macedon to the
throne in 336 BC, and died in Babylon in 323 BC at the age
of 32
• Alexander the Great – After he took over his fathers
thrown he proceeded to Conquer the Persian empire and
the lands through Asia minor, Palestine and Egypt. He
pushed almost through to the Indian ocean when his troops
begged him to stop and return home.
• Alexander’s contribution to Western Culture – his
most important contribution to the world was the spread of
Greek values
Class Quiz #3
1. Who was Alexander the Great’s teacher/tutor?
A)Plato.
B) Herodotus.
C) Socrates.
D) Aristotle.
2. A philosophy that avoided desire and taught to
accept what ever life brought
A)Reason
B) Stoicism
C) Philosophy
D) Classical Greek
3. Which of the following cultures was NOT part of
the blend that created the Hellenistic civilization?
A)Gallic
B) Persian
C) Egyptian
D) Indian
4. Ruler of Macedonia sought to defeated the city-states
of Athens and Thebes and bring all of Greece under his
control.
A) Alexander.
B) Phillip II.
C) Socrates.
D) Aristotle.
5. Alexander the Greats’ most important contribution
to the Western world
A) Conquering Asia
B) Becoming King of Persia
C) Spreading Greek values
D) Ruling the world
Quick Write #3
Can you think of any
situation that you would
like to have been Stoic or
otherwise feel/react to any
emotion?
http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?feature=player_detail
page&v=0LsrkWDCvxg
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 3 Notes # 4
• The Etruscans – Ruled much of Central Italy including
Rome. Led by a Aristocracy and a King.
• Ancient Rome - a civilization that grew out of a small
agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula
known as the Latins.
• The Republic – Romans drove out the Etruscans and
established a government where some officials were
chosen by the people
• The Senate – The main governing body of the republic
made up of Patricians who served for life
• Patricians - the Land owning upper class
• Consuls – Two senators were elected each year to serve as
a Consul and preside over the Senate
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 3 Notes # 4
• Tribunes – Officials elected by the Plebeians to act in
their interest
• Veto – An action taken to block another action of
government or law. Consuls had Veto power over each
other, and The Roman tribunes could block a law they felt
was harmful to plebeians through a veto.
• Dictator – A ruler that has complete control over the
government. In the event of war, the senate might choose
a dictator who was granted power to rule for six months.
• Patrician – The wealthy land owning citizens of Rome
who made up the senate.
• Plebeian – The common people, In time plebeians gained
the rights to be appointed to high offices and could become
senators.
Class Quiz #4
1. What right did plebeians NOT gain over time?
A) allowed to serve as consuls. B) appointed to high offices.
C) were taxed Heavily.
D) could become senators.
2. Which two people from the Senate supervised the business of
government and commanded the Roman armies?
A) Dictators
B) consuls
C) plebeians
D) tribunes
3. The act of blocking laws is called a
A) res publica. B) consul.
C) legion.
D) veto.
4. In what from of government do people chose some of the officials?
A) Republic B) oligarchy C) Direct Democracy D) monarchy
5. How was the power of Roman consuls limited?
A) They were elected by the general population and served a King.
B) They served only one term and approved each other's decisions.
Quick Write #4
“absolute power corrupts
absolutely”
What does the saying mean?
How do you think it
influenced the Roman
Republic?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAgA6G75X
sI&feature=player_detailpage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_
detailpage&v=oPf27gAup9U
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 2 Notes # 5
• The Punic Wars - Between 264 B.C. and 146 B.C., Rome
fought three wars against Carthage. They are called the
Punic Wars.
• The conquest of Gaul - In 58 B.C., Julius Caesar set
out to make new conquests Rome. After nine years of
fighting, he completed the conquest of Gaul
• Julius Caesar – Emerged from Rome’s civil war with
Pompeii to take charge of the republic. He passed reforms
that benefited the poor, gave citizenship to conquered
peoples, but was assassinated by the senate.
• Augustus Caesar – means the “Exalted or beloved”
Julius Caesar’s nephew Octavian changed his name to
Augustus after gaining power. Under Augustus Caesar,
who ruled until A.D. 14, the 500-year-old republic ended
and the age of the Roman empire began
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 2 Notes # 5
• Pax Romana – “Roman Peace” The government that
Augustus set up lasted for 200 years and brought peace,
order, unity, and prosperity to the empire
• The Twelve Tables – A simple set of written laws for
people to follow. Written in Greek and Latin
• Law of Nations – a series of laws based on nature and
peoples’ ability to reason, which is a key idea of the
American Declaration of Independence
• Justinian’s Code – After the collapse of the Roman
Empire, the Byzantine Empire adopted the laws and codes
of Rome and organized them into a single code that has
influenced English Common Law and American civil law.
• Greco-Roman - The blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and
Roman traditions into what is known as Greco-Roman
civilization.
Class Quiz #5
1. The Roman Empire began under the rule of
A) Julius Caesar.
B) Augustus Caesar.
C) Hadrian.
D) Nero.
2. The Punic Wars were fought between Rome and
A) Gaul.
B) Spain.
C) Macedonia.
D) Carthage
3. Which Roman leader completed the conquest of Gaul?
A) Julius Caesar B) Gaius Gracchus C) Tiberius D) Hadrian
4. Greco-roman civilization was a blend of what traditions?
A) Egyptian, Macedonian, and Hungarian
B) Hellenistic, Greek, and Middle Eastern
C) Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman
5. Which was a key Greco-Roman contribution to Western legal
tradition?
A) Rule of King B) Military Power C) Rule of Law D) Empire Building
Quick Write #5
Can you think of any
months named after Roman
leaders such as Augustus,
Octavian, Julius. What
would your month be
named?
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=4AP7XCCUcug&featur
e=player_detailpage
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 3 Notes # 6
• The Israelites - believed they were God's "chosen people"
because God declared in his covenant with Abraham his
descendants.
• Monotheistic – the belief that there was only one god.
• The Torah - the Israelites recorded events and laws in
their most sacred text the Torah in which the first book is
Genesis, and is about the origin of everything.
• Exodus – According to the Torah Moses led the Israelites
out of Egypt. the Israelites reached Canaan after 40 years
• The Ten Commandments – A set of Ten basic moral laws
that lay at the core of Judaism
• King Solomon - His building projects required such high
taxes and so much forced labor that revolts erupted after he
died about 922 B.C. Causing a split between Judea & Israel
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 3 Notes # 6
• Nebuchadnezzar – The king of Babylonian destroyed
the great temple of Israel, he also forced many of those he
defeated into exile in Babylon.
• Diaspora – Begins with the Babylonian conquer. Over
the next 500 years Jews will be exiled, while other Jews
move from their homeland due to discontent with political
rulers to different parts of the world
• Cyrus – The Persian King conquered Babylon and
released the Israelites to return back to their homeland
known as Judea and they became known as Jews.
• Pompeii – The Roman General conquered Palestine and
the capital city Jerusalem turning it into a province of
ROME.
Class Quiz #6
1. The Israelites were monotheistic, meaning they believed in
A) patriarchy. B) the Torah.
C) many gods.
D) one god.
2. When Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the great temple, where did many
Jews go?
A) Judah
B) Europe
C) Babylon
D) Egypt
3. The 500 years during which many Jews moved from their homeland
to different parts of the word is knows as the
A) Exodus.
B) Diaspora.
C) Sabbath.
D) Covenant.
4. Who led the Israelites out of bondage in Egypt?
A) Solomon
B) Saul
C) Abraham D) Moses
5) Universal laws that every Hebrew/Israelite had to follow no mater if
they are king or poor
A) Ten Commandments. B)Rule of Law. C) Seven Universals.
Quick Write #6
If you belonged to a group
of people that had been
dispersed throughout the
world would you ever feel
the desire to return?
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 4 Notes #7
• Christianity - arose Under Roman control during the Pax
Romana period when Judaism experienced a division in
religion.
• Jesus – Born in Bethlehem he preached in provinces of
Galilee and Judea, where he accepted Jewish tradition.
Referring to himself as the son of God, he proclaimed that
his mission was to bring salvation and eternal life to
anyone that believed
• Parables - Jesus often used parables, or short stories with
simple moral lessons, to communicate his ideas.
• Paul – spread Christianity to the gentiles, non-Jews, and
separated Christianity from Judaism
• Christian Community - to join the Christian community,
a person had to be baptized, or blessed with holy water.
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 4 Notes #7
• Christian missionaries - like Paul used ideas from Plato
and other Greek thinkers to explain Jesus' message.
• Rome - had a long history of tolerance, or acceptance, of
varied religious traditions. That tolerant attitude did not
extend to Christianity because Christians did not honor
Roman gods or make sacrifices to the emperor.
• Christian persecution – Many were killed for beliefs.
They became known as martyrs
• Christian Appeal – The Belief in equality before God and
the promise of a better life after death brought wide
spread support by the common people of the Roman
Empire.
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 4 Notes #7
• The Edict of Milan – Issued by Constantine The First
Holy Roman Emperor ended the persecution of Christians
by granting the freedom of worship to all citizens of Rome
• Only men were eligible to become members of the
Christian clergy, or the group of people who conducted
Christian services.
• The Pope - patriarch of Rome, began to claim authority
over all other bishops
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage
&v=TG55ErfdaeY
Class Quiz #7
1. How did Jesus communicate his ideas through?
A) Folktales
B) Epics
C) Parables
D) Poems
2. Christians who were persecuted and killed were known as
A) clergy.
B) heretics.
C) martyrs.
D) saints.
3. People had to first do what in order to join the Christian community?
A) Marry a Christian
B) Travel to Jerusalem
C) Get baptized
D) Participate in the Eucharist
4. Which Roman citizen did the most to spread Christianity?
A) Paul
B) Constantine
C) Nero
D) Peter
5) Who came to be called Pope?
A) The Clergy of Antioch B) The Disciple of Jerusalem
C) The Bishops of Rome D) The Patriarch of Rome
Quick Write #7
How much do you think
that Christianity and
Judaism matter in so far
as a history class is
concerned?
http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?feature=player_detail
page&v=cp6y-PQKOdQ
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 5 Notes #8
Feudalism – a system for structuring society around relationships
derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor. It
developed because kings and emperors were too weak to maintain
law and order while also facing invasions.
William of Normandy – called William the Conqueror , In 1066
he and his knights triumphed at the Battle of Hastings over the
Saxons and he became king of England.
Absolute Monarch - A king or queen with complete authority over
the government.
Magna Carta - In 1215, a group of rebellious barons cornered King
John and forced him to sign the Magna Carta, or great charter
which granted no "freeman" could be punished except through the
law of the land, a right that still exists under English law today
The Model Parliament - During the 1200s, the Great Council was
called on for advise from the king it later evolved Into Parliament
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C.– A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 5 Notes #8
The Hundred Years' War - a series of conflicts waged from 1337
to 1453, between England and the French throne. Parliament
began to require that the king meet their demands before they
would allow new taxes to fund the war.
The English Civil War - was a series of armed conflicts between
Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") over
the manner of its government
The Petition of Right – June 7, 1628 a major English
constitutional document that sets out specific liberties of the
subject that the king is prohibited from infringing.
The English Bill of Rights - laid out certain basic rights for all
Englishmen. It limits the powers of the crown and sets out the
rights of Parliament.
Glorious Revolution - William and Mary were invited to become
joint sovereigns of England and restore the Crown.
Class Quiz #8
1. King John was forced to sign a charter called the
A) Magna Carta.
B) Habeas Corpus.
C) Domesday Book.
D) Constitution.
2. A king or queen with complete authority over the
government is a(n)
A) Emperor.
B) Tsar.
C) Fascist.
D) Absolute monarch.
3. Who became king of England after the Battle of
Hastings?
A) John
B) Edward I
C) William the Conqueror
D) Henry II
Class Quiz #8
4. Feudalism emerged mainly as a means of
A) gaining wealth.
B) protection and control.
C) expansion.
D) increasing trade.
4. The Glorious Revolution and English Bill of Rights
created a(n)
A) democracy.
B) absolute monarchy.
C) dictatorship.
D) limited monarchy.
Quick Write:
Do you believe that No one
will give up power
willingly? Must rights
always be fought for?
Chapter 1
UNIT 1 TEST
The Enlightenment and America (1700 - 1800)
Chapter 2 Section 1 Notes #9
The Scientific Revolution - The scientific discoveries of the
1500s and 1600s led Europeans to believe in the power of
reason. It how people looked at the world and was the event
which revolutionized thinking and led to the Enlightenment.
Natural Law - refers to the use of reason to analyze human
nature both social and personal and develop rules of moral
behavior from it.
Immanuel Kant - author of Critique of Pure Reason, was
the first to describe his times as "enlightened."
laissez faire - allowing business to operate with little or no
government interference.
The physiocrats - claimed that their ideas about economic
reforms were based on the natural laws of economics. They
urged a policy of laissez faire.
The Enlightenment and America (1700 - 1800)
Chapter 2 Section 6 Notes #9
Adam Smith - In The Wealth of Nations, Smith tried to show
how manufacturing, trade, wages, profits, and economic growth
were all linked to the market forces of supply and demand. He
favored a laissez faire economy
Voltaire - probably the most famous of the philosophes, used
biting wit to expose the abuses of his day. He was quoted as
saying "My trade is to say what I think."
Jean-Jacques Rousseau - believed the good of the
community as a whole was most important. He called it the
"general will" or best conscience of the people, and that
community should be placed above individual interests.
Thomas Hobbes – He is best known today for his work on
political philosophy. His 1651 book Leviathan established
social contract theory, the foundation of most later Western
political philosophy.
The Enlightenment and America (1700 - 1800)
Chapter 2 Section 1 Notes #9
Social Contract - individuals have consented to surrender
some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the
government in exchange for protection of their remaining
rights.
John Locke - an English philosopher regarded as one of the
most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and known as the
"Father of Classical Liberalism". His contributions to classical
republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United
States Declaration of Independence.
Class Quiz #9
1. Who is the author of Leviathan?
A) Baron de Montesquieu
B) Adam Smith
C) John Locke
D) Thomas Hobbes
2. Who were the physiocrats?
A) French thinkers known as philosophes
B) French thinkers who focused on economics
C) religious thinkers of the noble class
D) British scientists
3. "My trade is to say what I think." Who said this?
A) Locke
B) Voltaire
C) Diderot
D) Rousseau
Class Quiz #9
4. What event revolutionized thinking and led to the
Enlightenment?
A) the American Revolution
B) the Scientific Revolution
C) the Reformation
D) the Franco-Prussian War
5. According to laissez-faire economist Adam Smith, a
government should
A) acquire gold and silver wealth through trade.
B) impose tariffs to protect local manufacturing.
C) let free market forces drive the economy.
D) regulate the wages, hours, and working conditions of laborers.
Quick Write:
Have you agreed to live
within the social contract
of America?
The Enlightenment and America (1700 - 1800)
Chapter 2 Section 2 Notes #10
The first Encyclopedia – a collection of articles that were
written on government practices by several leading thinkers
of the day. The French government reacted to the publication
by saying it was an attack on public morals.
Censorship - A restricting of access to ideas and
information, It was used by governments to protect
themselves from the attacks of Enlightenment thinkers.
Free and equal – A slogan used by the philosophes did not
apply to women. Although the philosophes said women had
natural rights, those rights were restricted to home and
family.
Montesquieu – his ideas about separation of powers into
three branches of Government influenced the Framers of the
U.S. Constitution such as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and
James Madison.
The Enlightenment and America (1700 - 1800)
Chapter 2 Section 2 Notes #10
Catherine the Great - an enlightened despot who ruled
Russia, implemented some Enlightenment ideas, such as
abolishing torture, but kept a firm grip on her powers as
empress.
Joseph II began – began to modernize Austria's government
despite opposition. He supported religious equality, ended
censorship, sold property of many monasteries not devoted to
humanist ends and gave it to those who were, and even
abolished serfdom.
Rococo style – a lighter, elegant, and charming art style of
the Enlightenment. It moved away from religion and was
lighter, elegant, and charming.
Enlightened despots - Rulers who did accept some of the
new ideas of the Enlightenment, but who continued to hold
tremendous power, were called
Class Quiz #10
1. Which group of people did Montesquieu's ideas affect most?
A) scientists like Edward Jenner
B) social critics in Britain
C) European despots
D) the Framers of the U.S. Constitution
2. Who ruled Austria during the Age of Enlightenment, ending
censorship and abolishing serfdom during his reign?
A) Frederick the Great
B) Daniel Defoe
C) Joseph II
D) Franz Joseph Haydn
Class Quiz #10
3. After the publication of the first Encyclopedia the French
government react to it by ?
A) Declaring it an attack on public morals and censoring it.
B) sending a copy to every noble family in Paris.
C) claiming that only philosophers could make sense of it.
D) immediately incorporated it into their government processes.
4. Rulers who did accept some of the new ideas of the
Enlightenment, but who continued to hold tremendous power, were
called
A) Salon Philosophers.
B) Enlightened despots.
C) Rococo Artist.
D) Great Leaders
Quick Write:
Joseph II would disguise
himself in peasant clothes and
sneak out of the castle to talk
with people who did not know
who he was and find out what
the people really thought.
That probably could not work
now due to the mass media.
So, What do you think the
leaders of our nation could do
instead?
The Enlightenment and America (1700 - 1800)
Chapter 2 Section 3 Notes #11
Britain imposed taxes and control of trade - To help pay
the costs of the Seven Years' and French and Indian Wars,
Parliament passed the Sugar Act, the Stamp Act, and a
Declaratory Act over the colonists which resulted in the
American colonists resentment of British rule.
The Navigation Acts - Britain was attempting to strengthen
its economy by exporting more than it imported. The
Navigation Acts were in place to regulate colonial trade and
manufacturing.
Popular sovereignty - is the principle which states that all
government power comes from the people.
Benjamin Franklin - was a man of many talents and
professions, a philosopher, scientist, publisher, legislator,
diplomat, and he was a popular figure for his intellect and wit
both in the United States and abroad.
The Enlightenment and America (1700 - 1800)
Chapter 2 Section 3 Notes #11
Thomas Jefferson – In 1776, assigned the task of writing the
Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress in
The 1777 Battle of Saratoga - Because the French saw that
the Americans could in fact defeat the British in battle, they
were persuaded to join in the fight against their old rival.
Yorktown, Virginia - Washington forced the surrender of the
British army at Yorktown, Virginia, and two years later the
British signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the war
Treaty of Paris - Two years after the British defeat at
Yorktown, the British signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the
war and recognizing the independence of the United States.
Articles of Confederation - The newly independent
Americans created a constitution, the Articles of Confederation,
which proved to be too weak for the new United States.
The Enlightenment and America (1700 - 1800)
Chapter 2 Section 3 Notes #11
The American Constitution – is the supreme law of the
United States of America. The Constitution delineates the
national frame of government. Its first three articles entrench
the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal
government is divided into three branches.
Class Quiz #11
1. The nation's first written government was known as the
A) Treaty of Paris.
B) Declaration of Independence.
C) Bill of Rights.
D) Articles of Confederation.
2. Why was the American victory in the 1777 Battle of Saratoga
significant?
A) Britain recognized the independence of the United States.
B) The Articles of Confederation were abolished.
C) France was persuaded to join the Americans.
D) The United States issued the Bill of Rights.
3. Who was the principal author of the Declaration of
Independence?
A) John Adams
B) George Washington
C) James Madison
D) Thomas Jefferson
Class Quiz #11
4. Why did the American colonists resent British rule?
A) Britain imposed taxes and allowed no representation.
B) Britain offered to sell the colonies to France.
C) Freedom of religion was not allowed.
D) The British king took away land from colonists unlawfully
5. After signing which of the following documents did
Great Britain recognize the independence of the United
States?
A) Declaration of Independence
B) Treaty of Paris
C) Treaty of Yorktown
D) Treaty of Utrecht
Quick Write:
One American Revolution
Slogan was “No taxation
without representation” The
colonist were unhappy over
not having a say in
government.
Do you feel that average
American’s have a say in
government now?
The French Revolution (1789 - 1815)
Chapter 3 Section 1 Notes #12
The Ancien régime - The social system in 1789 France that
emerged in the Middle Ages, consisting of three social classes
called The Estates in France (1) the clergy, (2) the nobles,
and (3) the rest of society
The Third Estate - The vast majority of the French
population was made up of the Third Estate, comprised of the
bourgeoisie, officials who staffed the royal bureaucracy,
lawyers, doctors, professors, skilled artisans, and peasants.
The Estates General - was a legislative body in France
consisting of representatives from the three estates. The
French king had not called the Estates-General for 175 years
for fear that the nobles would use it to recover powers they
had lost under absolute rule
The French Revolution (1789 - 1815)
Chapter 3 Section 1 Notes #12
Cahiers - In preparation for the Estates-General, Louis XVI
had all three estates prepare cahiers, or notebooks, listing
their grievances
The National Assembly - the Third Estate Claimed to
represent the people of France, delegates of the Third Estate
declared themselves to be the National Assembly in June
1789.
The Tennis Court Oath - Claiming to represent France, the
National Assembly met and delivered the Tennis Court Oath,
swearing "never to separate and to meet wherever the
circumstances might require until we have established a
sound and just constitution."
Storming the Bastille - The crowd assembled outside of the
Bastille on July 14, 1789, demanding weapons and gunpowder
believed to be stored there.
Class Quiz #12
1. Under the __________, everyone in France was divided into one of
three social classes.
A) ancien régime
B) Tennis Court Oath
C) deficit spending
D) Estates-General
2. The three social classes in France in 1789 were made up of what
groups?
A) the king, the court, and the rest of society
B) nobles, clergy, and the rest of society
C) the church, the bourgeoisie, and the peasants
D) the bourgeoisie, the peasants, and the rest of society
3. Which group made up the vast majority of French society in the
1780s?
A) the clergy
B) the First Estate
C) the nobles
D) the Third Estate
Class Quiz #12
4. Claiming to represent France, the National Assembly
met and delivered
A) the Tennis Court Oath.
B) Jacques Necker.
C) deficit spending.
D) the Bastille.
5. Paris Citizens hoping to find weapons decided to
A) Storm the Bastille
B) Attack English traders
C) Arrest the First Estate members
D) Sell Bread in the Streets
Quick Write:
Who do the three people represent?
Why do you suppose the two are
afraid of the third standing up?
The French Revolution (1789 - 1815)
Chapter 3 Section 2 Notes #13
The sans-culotte - literally meaning "without breeches"
because they favored wearing long trousers, were working-class
men and women who pushed the revolution into more radical
action.
A Republic - By 1791, many sans-culottes demanded a
republic, or government ruled by elected officials instead of a
monarch.
The French Revolution - dislodged the old social order,
overthrew the monarchy, and put the French Catholic Church
under state control.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen - As a
first step towards writing a constitution, the National
Assembly issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the
Citizen, which was modeled in part on the American
Declaration of Independence.
The French Revolution (1789 - 1815)
Chapter 3 Section 2 Notes #13
European rulers - were afraid of having their privileges, their
property, their religion, and their lives threatened if the French
revolutionary ideas were to spread. Even "enlightened" rulers
turned against France.
The Declaration of Pilnitz - The king of Prussia and the
emperor of Austria (Marie Antoinette's brother) issued the
Declaration of Pilnitz, threatening to intervene to protect the
French monarchy.
France declares war - The French declared war on Austria,
Prussia, Britain and other nations which had Monarchs. The
great powers expected an easy victory over the French since
France was divided by revolution and facing crises at home.
Marquis de Lafayette - was the aristocratic "hero of two
worlds" who fought alongside George Washington in the
American Revolution.
The French Revolution (1789 - 1815)
Chapter 3 Section 2 Notes #13
Olympe de Gouges - a journalist, In 1791 She demanded
equal rights in her Declaration of the Rights of Women and the
Female Citizen
Class Quiz #13
1. What form of government was demanded by the sans-culottes?
A) Émigré
B) faction
C) Republic
D) monarchy
2. The French Revolution dislodged the old social order, overthrew
the monarchy, and
A) brought about the acquisition of much new land.
B) brought the Church under state control.
C) joined France with Spain in an alliance.
D) elevated the rights of both men and women.
3. Who was known as a "hero of two worlds?"
A) Olympe de Gouges
B) Jacobins
C) Marie Antoinette
D) Marquis de Lafayette
Class Quiz #13
4. The French declared war on Austria, Prussia, Britain, and others,
which caused those great powers to react in what way?
A) They would not fight with the French.
B) They were afraid of the revolutionaries' strength.
C) They expected an easy victory.
D) They had sympathy for the radicals.
5. European rulers opposed the French Revolution because
A) it promoted the French monarchy.
B) they were afraid that revolutionary ideas would spread to their own
countries.
C) it granted more power to the French Catholic Church.
D) the disruptions in France threatened world trade.
Quick Write:
90% percent of France’s
wealth was owned by just
10% of Population before
the revolution.
What if I told you that in
America today a similar
situation exist?
The French Revolution (1789 - 1815)
Chapter 3 Section 3 Notes #14
"September massacres" - Citizens attacked prisons that held
nobles and priests accused of political crimes. About 1,200
prisoners were killed; many were ordinary criminals.
The New Radical Assembly - In 1792, radicals took control
of the Assembly, abolished the monarchy, and declared France
a republic.
King Louis XVI - was put on trail as a traitor and sentenced
to death as a threat to the republic.
Maximilien Robespierre – nicknamed "the incorruptible”
had embraced the enlightenment thinker Rousseau’s idea of
the general will over the individual will as the source of all
legitimate law. He threw aside liberty and individual freedom
and was one of the main architects of the Reign of Terror.
The guillotine - was the engine of the Terror, and soon
became a symbol of horror.
The French Revolution (1789 - 1815)
Chapter 3 Section 3 Notes #14
Reign of Terror – Lasted about one year between 1793-1794,
and saw courts conduct quick trials and death sentences
handed out in the name of securing France from enemies.
Suffrage - The Assembly offered right to vote to all male
citizens, not just those who owned property.
French National Anthem - "La Marseillaise" as troops
marched From the port city of Marseilles they sang against the
"bloody banner of tyranny." This song, "La Marseillaise," would
later become the French national anthem.
Nationalism - a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's
country, spread throughout France.
Napoleon - As chaos threatened, politicians turned to
Napoleon Bonaparte, a popular military hero who had won a
series of brilliant victories against the Austrians in Italy
Class Quiz #14
1. What happened during the "September massacres"?
A) Citizens killed approximately 1,200 prisoners.
B) Citizens killed the king and queen of France.
C) Louis XVI's supporters killed approximately 500 French citizens.
D) Louis XVI's supporters killed suspect members of the noble classes.
2. In 1792, radicals took control of the Assembly, abolished the
monarchy, and
A) rejected constitutional government.
B) surrendered to the Prussian army.
C) declared France a republic.
D) ended the war with the other nations of Europe.
3. Robespierre was one of the main architects of the
A) Reign of Terror.
B) suffrage.
C) radicals.
D) guillotine.
Class Quiz #14
4. The __________ was a symbol of horror.
A) Suffrage
B) Marseilles
C) Guillotine
D) nationalism
5. suffrage was extended to
A) only to property owners.
B) to men and women.
C) to all male citizens.
D) only to Nobels.
Quick Write:
The guillotine is still a
symbol of horror. Have you
ever seen images of one
during Halloween? Imagine
this; If you they particularly
wanted to punish you they
laid you in it facing up so you
could see the blade. Do you
think these machine would
stop crime if used today?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detai
lpage&v=Qi6TTn35BrY
The French Revolution (1789 - 1815)
Chapter 3 Section 4 Notes #15
Napoleon Bonaparte – Helps to overthrow the Directory of
France and establish a new ruling body know as the Consulate.
He then declares himself consul for life.
Plebiscite – A popular vote by ballot used by Napoleon to
justify him claims. France supported Napoleon by votes
Emperor – At his Coronation he took the crown from the pope
and placed it on his own head, Napoleon meant to show that he
owed his throne to no one but himself
Napoleonic Code – a set of laws that encouraged religious
tolerance, equality of men, and ended feudalism
The Concert of Europe - was a system in which nations met
periodically to discuss any problems affecting the peace of
Europe.
The French Revolution (1789 - 1815)
Chapter 3 Section 4 Notes #15
The Congress of Vienna - hoped to create a lasting peace by
establishing a balance of power and protecting the system of
monarchy. Redrawing the map of Europe was one attempt to
balance the power.
Annexed – Napoleon adds to his empire the Netherlands,
Belgium, Germany, parts of Italy, and well into Prussia
including Poland
Forceful Control – Napoleon controlled Spain by making his
brother the King. He also forced Russia and Austria to sign
treaties.
Continental System – Napoleon prepared for war against
England by closing all European shipping ports
Battle of Trafalgar – The British Fleet under Admiral
Horatio Nelson smashed the French Fleet
The French Revolution (1789 - 1815)
Chapter 3 Section 4 Notes #15
War of 1812 - Britain and France blocked European ports in
their struggle with each other. Both seized neutral ships
suspected of trading with the other side. British attacks on
American ships angered Americans and triggered the war of
1812.
Class Quiz #15
1. What was one of the chief goals of the Congress of Vienna?
A) to punish France
B) to create a united Europe
C) to create a lasting peace
D) to strengthen France
2. The __________ was a system in which nations met periodically to
discuss any problems affecting the peace of Europe.
A) Napoleonic Code
B) Continental System
C) Congress of Vienna
D) Concert of Europe
3. Napoleon became emperor through what act?
A) the pope placed the crown on his head
B) the nobles put him in power
C) Napoleon had the favor of Louis XVI
D) Napoleon placed the crown on his own head
Class Quiz #15
4. Napoleon used this ballot to justify his claims.
A) Annex
B) Napoleonic Code
C) Plebiscite
D) Continental System
5. What event triggered the War of 1812?
A) Napoleon's reinstitution of serfdom and manorial dues
B) Napoleon's creation of the Consulate
C) Britain's attacks on American ships
D) Britain's alliance with Spain
Quick Write:
In the plebiscite the people
voted, but really didn’t
have much say or true
power of vote.
Do you believe in America
today that your vote would
really effect change?
Chapter 2 and 3
Revolt in Europe & Latin America (1790-1848)
Chapter 4 Section 1 Notes #16
Universal manhood suffrage - refers to giving all adult men
the right to vote. By the late 1800's liberals began to support
the principle of universal manhood.
Liberal and conservative philosophies - in early 19th
century Europe Liberals wanted governments to be based on
written constitutions and separation of powers, while
conservatives supported the monarchy.
Ideologies - are systems of thought and belief, which
conservatives and liberals fought over in Europe in the early to
mid 1800's.
The Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman empires - each
contained diverse groups of inhabitants, and many of these
groups had their own feelings of identity. These groups that
shared a common heritage began to have feelings of
nationalism.
Revolt in Europe & Latin America (1790-1848)
Chapter 4 Section 1 Notes #16
Nationalism - or pride in or devotion to one's country, was an
inevitable result of the Russian, Austrian, and Ottoman
conquest of neighboring territories.
Prince Clemens von Metternich's - urged monarchs to
oppose freedom of the press, crush protests in their own
countries, and send troops to douse the flames of rebellion in
neighboring lands.
Serbia and Greece - both successfully fought and won their
independence. Greece won independence from the Ottoman
Empire in 1830, as did Serbia shortly thereafter.
Autonomy - means self-rule. Examples of people that
successfully fought for their autonomy include the Greeks and
Serbs, both against the Ottomans.
mid-1800's - social reformers were considered to be agitators
because they urged workers to support socialism
Class Quiz #16
1. People fighting for their autonomy are hoping to attain
A) their natural rights.
B) respect.
C) more territory.
D) self-rule.
2. Serbia and Greece both successfully fought which nation for
their independence?
A) Russia
B) Austria
C) the Ottoman Empire
D) Germany
3. Universal manhood suffrage refers to
A) the responsibility of the government to protect people's rights.
B) the belief that African-Americans should have the right to vote.
C) giving all adult men the right to vote.
D) a certain set of rules that all people worldwide should be guaranteed.
Class Quiz #16
4. Which of the following best describes Prince Clemens von
Metternich's response to the struggle to establish natural rights
and constitutional governments throughout Europe?
A) Metternich joined the cause as a defender of the rights of the common
man.
B) Metternich served as a mediator and helped to maintain peace between
the two sides.
C) Metternich led from France to his native Austria out of fear of a possible
uprising.
D) Metternich urged monarchs to crush rebellions in their countries and to
help crush rebellions in neighboring lands.
5. Conservatives and liberals represented different
A) areas.
B) ideologies.
C) nations.
D) academic levels
Quick Write:
Liberal typically means
Progressive forward
thinking while
Conservative typically
defends traditional
customs and values
What would you consider
yourself?
Revolt in Europe & Latin America (1790-1848)
Chapter 4 Section 2 Notes #17
Belgium - In 1830, news of the Paris uprising ignited a
revolutionary spark in Belgium to seek independence. Belgium
successfully gained independence in 1831.
The "citizen king” - In 1830, Louis Philippe was installed as
king of France by moderate liberals after Charles X was forced
to abdicate his throne. Louis Philippe became known as the
"citizen king' because he owed his throne to the people
"February Days' of 1848” - During the "February Days' of
1848, Louis Philippe abdicated the throne, allowing a group of
liberal, radical, and socialist leaders to proclaim the Second
Republic.
The French constitution - created by the National Assembly
for the Second Republic, which gave the vote to all adult men,
occurred prior to the election of Napoleon III.
Revolt in Europe & Latin America (1790-1848)
Chapter 4 Section 2 Notes #17
"June Days" - During June 1848, furious workers took to the
streets of Paris, and at least 1,500 people were killed before the
government crushed the rebellion.
Italian and German revolts of 1848 - Reform movements
and strong nationalist sentiments existed in both nations. The
want for political reforms led both nations, Italy and Germany,
to revolt in 1848.
Napoleon III - Louis Napoleon received conservative support
because he was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte and with
the support of the working class he was brought to power. Soon
after, he used his new power to end the brief Second Republic
by taking the name Napoleon III and declaring himself
emperor in 1852.
Revolt in Europe & Latin America (1790-1848)
Chapter 4 Section 2 Notes #17
Hungarian nationalists - led by journalist Louis Kossuth
and other Hungarian nationalists wanted an independent
government, an end to serfdom, and a written constitution, but
they were against the continued rule of the monarchy
The French Revolution of 1848 - unleashed a tidal wave of
revolution across Europe, including Hungarian and Czech
revolts against Austrian rule. In addition, the granting of
universal manhood suffrage after the revolution allowed for
the election of Louis Napoleon as president.
Class Quiz #17
1. Which of the following men was known as the "citizen king'?
A) Louis Philippe
B) Charles X
C) Louis XVIII
D) Frederick William IV
2. At least 1,500 people were killed in 1848 during which period of
revolt in France?
A) "February Days“
B) "March Denunciations"
C) "June Days“
D) "Prague Spring“
3. Reform movements and strong nationalist sentiments existed led
these two nations to revolt?
A) Czechoslovakia and Italy
B) Poland and England
C) Italy and Germany
D) Belgium and Russia
Class Quiz #17
4. The French constitution created by the National Assembly for
the Second Republic gave?
A) Napoleon III all the power.
B) Turned France into a socialist nation.
C) gave the right to vote to all adult men
D) Denied Italy and Germany liberty
5. Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the rule of
Napoleon III?
A) He supported the constitution created by the National Assembly that
gave the vote to all adult men.
B) He ended the brief Second Republic by declaring himself emperor in
1852.
C) He was brought to power with the support of the working class.
D) He received conservative support because he was the nephew of
Napoleon Bonaparte.
Quick Write:
Why do you think the idea
of independence and the
freedom to choice your own
government is so powerful
and spread so fast?
Do you understand why
the American revolution
was the shot heard around
world now?
Revolt in Europe & Latin America (1790-1848)
Chapter 4 Section 3 Notes #18
Toussaint L'Ouverture - began a slave revolt in Haiti in
1791, succeeding in abolishing control of most of the island and
abolishing slavery by 1798. Although eventually caught and
imprisoned by the French, L'Ouverture's leadership helped
Haiti to declare their independence from France in 1804.
Peninsulares - the highest social class in Latin American,
were Spanish-born and dominated political and social life.
Creoles - although directly descended from Europeans, were
considered to be second-class citizens since they weren't born in
Europe. The Creoles, who owned the haciendas, ranches, and
mines bitterly resented this status.
Meztizos - Over the hundreds of years of European settlement
in Latin America, Native Americans and Europeans
increasingly mixed, resulting in the birth of large numbers of
mestizos.
Revolt in Europe & Latin America (1790-1848)
Chapter 4 Section 3 Notes #18
Mulattoes - As the slave trade grew in Latin America, mixing
among people of European and African ancestry led to the birth of
large numbers of mulattoes
Simón Bolívar - played a key role in Latin America's successful
struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire, During his
lifetime, he led Venezuela, Colombia (including Panama at the
time), Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia to independence from the
Spanish Empire
Don José de San Martín - was an Argentine general and leader
of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for
independence from the Spanish Empire. His Army crossed the
Andes from Argentina and defeated Spanish forces in Chile.
Dom Pedro – advised by his father, the king of Portugal, Dom
Pedro declared Brazil independent and crowned himself emperor.
Revolt in Europe & Latin America (1790-1848)
Chapter 4 Section 3 Notes #18
The independent Republic of Mexico - Agustín de Iturbide
gathered an army of Creoles, mestizos, and Native Americans
and overthrew the Spanish viceroy, whereupon he took the title
Agustín I. However, liberal Mexicans overthrew him in 1821 in
order to prevent the establishment of a monarchy and to create
the independent Republic of Mexico.
Class Quiz #18
1. __________, the highest social class in Latin American, were
Spanish-born and dominated political and social life.
A) Mestizos
B) Creoles
C) Peninsulares
D) Mulattoes
2. Latin Americans that were descendents of Europeans were
second-class citizens known as
A) Peninsulares.
B) Creoles.
C) Meztizos.
D) Mulattoes.
3. People of African and European descent were known as
A) Creoles.
B) Peninsulares.
C) Meztizos.
D) Mulattoes.
Class Quiz #18
4. was an Argentine general and leader of the southern part of
South America's successful struggle for independence from the
Spanish Empire?
A) Father José Morelos
B) José de San Martin
C) Father Miguel Hidalgo
D) Joseph Bonaparte
5. People of Native American and European descent were known as
A) Meztizos.
B) Mulattoes.
C) Creoles.
D) Peninsulares.
Spain was able to control
Mexico without a military
by using racial differences
to divide the people.
Do you believe that it is
important or necessary for
people to unite to
accomplish things?
Chapter 3&4
UNIT 2 TEST
The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850)
Chapter 5 section 1 Note: 19
The agricultural revolution - contributed to a rapid growth
of population by creating a surplus of food.
Thomas Newcomen - In 1712, a British inventor developed a
steam engine powered by coal to pump water out of mines.
James Watt - made improvements on the steam engine that
allowed it to be applied to machinery.
By the 1850s - many country villages had grown into
industrial towns and cities, and the rural way of life began to
disappear.
Seed drill – revolutionized farming by allowed farmers to
plant in even rows instead of scattering seeds haphazardly
Smelting Process - a technological improvement at the
beginning of the Industrial Revolution which used charcoal to
smelt iron, or separate iron from its ore.
The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850)
Chapter 5 section 1 Note # 19
Anesthetic - a drug that prevents pain during surgery. The
first anesthetic was used by an American dentist.
Enclosure - the process of taking over and consolidating
land formerly shared by peasant farmers. The British
Parliament facilitated enclosures through legislation
Coal - a vital source of fuel in the production of iron, and it
was also used as a power source to help develop the steam
engine.
Statistics - data that are gathered and tabulated to present
information. Precise population statistics for the 1700s are
rare, but some do exist
Class Quiz #19
1) In 1712, the steam engine was invented by
A) James Watt
B) Thomas Newcomen
C) Abraham Darby
D) Jethro Tull
2) One effect of the agricultural revolution in Europe in the 1700s?
A) Greater food production triggered a population explosion.
B) More people became farmers.
3) One technological improvement at the beginning of the
Industrial Revolution was the use of charcoal to __________ iron.
A) Anesthetic
B) statistic
C) enclosure
D) smelt
Class Quiz #19
4) Which of the following was the most important source of power
for the early Industrial Revolution?
A)Water
B) the sun
C) oil
D) coal
5) With the beginning of the Industrial Revolution,
A) many people refused to work in factories.
B) the rural way of life began to disappear.
C) more children began to receive an education.
D) all men were given the opportunity to hold government positions.
Quick Write:
Which of the following do you
personally believe is best
innovation that impacts peoples
lives and why.
The Smelting Process, The use
of Anesthetic, The steam engine
Rank them:
1)
2)
3)
The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850)
Chapter 5 section 2 Note#20
Putting-out system - raw cotton was distributed to peasant
families who spun it into thread and then wove the thread into
cloth in their own homes.
The flying shuttle - spinning jenny, and water frame were
all inventions that revolutionized the British textile industry,
creating a faster, more efficient system.
Capital – is Money used to invest in new business ventures
like buy machinery and paying for labor.
Eli Whitney - invented a machine called the cotton gin that
increased the speed with which Southern laborers could clean
raw cotton and allowed America to began to compete with
Britain's increased production
The Industrial Revolution Begins(1750-1850)
Chapter 5 section 2 Note#20
In the 1700s - Britain's economy was prosperous, and it had a
business class ready to invest capital in new enterprises.
England also had vast amounts of coal.
Canal - before the steam locomotive, water canals such as the
Bridgewater Canal were an important way to transport raw
materials and finished goods.
The steam locomotive - the invention of the steam
locomotive made the growth of railroads possible and
revolutionized transportation
Turnpikes - were private roads built by entrepreneurs who
charged travelers a toll, and were built in order to provide
faster and cheaper methods of moving goods from place to
place.
Class Quiz #20
1. British merchants developed the __________ in which raw cotton
was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and
then wove the thread into cloth in their own homes.
A) Eli Whitney
B) turnpikes
C) Liverpool
D) putting-out system
2. Which invention revolutionized transportation and made
possible the growth of railroads?
A) the spinning jenny
B) the dynamo
C) the steamboat
D) the steam locomotive
3. America began to compete with Britain's increased production
with the invention of what machine?
A) the seed drill
B) the steam locomotive
C) the cotton gin
D) the spinning jenny
Class Quiz #20
4. The flying shuttle, the spinning jenny, and the waterframe were
all inventions that were used to
A) develop the steam engine
B) clear more farmland.
C) improve the waterwheel
D) increase textile production.
5. Which of the following statements is one reason why Britain was
the first nation to industrialize?
A) Britain had plenty of gold and silver.
B) Britain had a large amount of farmland.
C) Britain had many wealthy invetors.
D) Britain had acres of rich forests.
Quick Write:
Do you think you would
take a job that you could
work at home producing
hand made items, but you
made very little for each
item made.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhL5DCizj
5c&feature=player_detailpage
The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850)
Chapter 5 section 3 Note#21
The Middle Class - or bourgeoisie, benefited most from the
Industrial Revolution, either by investing profits in factories,
developing new technologies, or rising from "rags to riches" as
opportunities allowed.
Contaminated - something that is unclean and impure, or
polluted. One problem for the industrial working class poor
was contaminated drinking water
Women and Children - Unlike the wealthy, who had people
to look after their children middle class women devoted much
of their time to raising their children at home.
Child Labor - often Children needed to work because their
wages kept their families from starving.
In factories - workers faced a rigid schedule of long hours set
by the factory whistle.
Industrial Revolution Begins (1750–1850)
Chapter 5 section 3 Note# 21
Miners - were paid more, but the working conditions in the
mines were even worse than in the factories
Tenements - Workers were often packed into tiny multistory buildings divided into apartments, as they struggled to
survive in the slums
Labor Unions - or workers' organizations, were illegal at the
start of the Industrial Revolution, secret unions did exist and
wished to initiate worker reforms
The Methodists - part of a movement founded by John
Wesley, took their message of salvation into the slums. They
helped channel workers' anger away from revolution and
towards social reform.
Class Quiz #21
1. Which group benefited the most from the Industrial
Revolution?
A) the working class
B) farmers
C) the nobility
D) the middle class
2. The Industrial Revolution led to rapid __________ as the demand
for workers increased.
A) tenement
B) urbanization
C) labor unions
D) contamination
3. One problem for the industrial working class poor was
__________ drinking water.
A) Contaminated
B) urbanization
C) tenement
D) stressed
Class Quiz #21
4. How did the lives of middle class women differ from
their wealthy and working class counterparts?
A) They stayed at home and raised their children.
B) They had maidservants who raised their children.
C) They often decided to have no children.
5. Which group of people helped channel workers' anger
away from revolution and toward social reform?
A) factory owners
B) Methodists
C) Luddites
D) Utopians
Industrial Revolution Begins (1750–1850)
Chapter 5 section 4 Note# 22
“Laissez-faire" or "hands-off” - an approach Supported
by free-enterprise capitalism believed the government
should not interfere in the free operation of the economy
Utilitarianism - the idea that the goal of society should
be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of its
citizens
Karl Marx - formulated a new theory, "scientific
socialism," which he claimed was based on a scientific
study of history. According to Marx, the "have-nots" in
society are the proletariat, or working class
Socialists - condemned the evils of industrial capitalism,
and encourage workers to rebel against the unjust
conditions they endured.
Industrial Revolution Begins (1750–1850)
Chapter 5 section 4 Note# 22
Robert Owen - an early socialist, set up a utopian
community in New Lanark Scotland.
Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo – were
concerned over the effect of the population explosion on
the food supply, and believed that the poor would suffer
less if they had fewer children.
Communism - a form of socialism in which an inevitable
struggle between social classes would lead to a classless
society.
Marx Prediction - was wrong in his prediction that
workers would unite across national borders to wage
class warfare, However, people felt stronger ties to their
countries than to the international communist movement
Class Quiz #22
1. Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo believed the poor could
improve their lives by
A) getting more education.
B) getting aid from the government.
C) having fewer children.
D) moving back to farms.
2. What did supporters of free-enterprise capitalism call their
approach to economics?
A) the means of production
B) laissez-faire
C) Socialism
D) utopian
3. Which group would be most likely to encourage poor workers to
rebel against factory owners?
A) Capitalists
B) socialists
C) utilitarians
D) economists
Class Quiz #22
4. According to Marx, the "have-nots" in society are the
A) means of production.
B) proletariat.
C) bourgeoisie.
D) utopians.
5. Who put forth the theory of "scientific socialism"?
A) Karl Marx
B) Robert Owen
C) John Stuart Mill
D) Jeremy Bentham
Quick Write #
What would be your ideal
society?
Life in the Industrial Age (1800–1914)
Chapter 6 section 1 Note# 23
Industrialization - caused rapid urbanization, increased
employment levels, longer work days, and more hazardous
working conditions
Interchangeable parts - identical components that could be
used in place of one another.
Assembly Line - a method of production in which workers add
parts to a product that moves along a belt from one workstation to
the next. A division of labor made production faster and cheaper.
The Bessemer process - patented by the British engineer Henry
Bessemer in 1856, created steel that was lighter, harder, and
more durable than iron.
Trust - is a group of corporations run by a single board of
directors. Trusts such as Standard Oil created monopolies when
they gained control over entire industries, thus allowing them to
control prices.
Life in the Industrial Age (1800–1914)
Chapter 6 section 1 Note#23
Cartel - is a group of corporations that form an association for
the purpose of fixing prices, setting production, and controlling
markets
Stocks - small shares of ownership in a company purchased
by investors.
“Robber Barons“ or “Captains of Industry" – People like
Rockefeller, Krupp, and Carnegie were called Robber Barons
by their detractors out of a belief that in destroying
competition, they were damaging the free-enterprise system
and as Captains of Industry for building their nations wealth.
Dynamo - A machine that generates energy. The first
machine was created by Chemist Michael Faraday
Thomas Edison – Created the first light bulb which lit up
cities and factories and made it possible for production and the
city life styles to continue after dark
Life in the Industrial Age (1800–1914)
Chapter 6 section 1 Note#23
Alfred Nobel – Invented Dynamite, to his dismay it was used
in warfare. His invention made a fortune which he willed to
fund the famous Nobel Prize.
Guglielmo Marconi – invented the Radio and received
messages through Morse code.
Class Quiz #23
1. Because of __________, all products no longer had to be made
individually by hand.
A) the assembly line
B) immigrant labor C) interchangeable parts
2. A machine that generates energy is known as a
A) dynamo.
B) cartel.
C) spark plug. D) light bulb.
3. a method of production in which workers add parts to a product that
moves along a belt
A) the assembly line
B) immigrant labor C) interchangeable parts
4. Created the first light bulb which lit up cities and factories
A) Thomas Edison
B) Alfred Nobel
C) Guglielmo Marconi
5. Leaders of big business such as Alfred Krupp and John D. Rockefeller
were referred to as "captains of industry" by their admirers and
__________ by their detractors.
A) "communists“
B) "robber barons“
C) "innovators“
D) “Super Rich”
Quick Write
Life in the Industrial Age (1800–1914)
Chapter 6 section 2 Note#24
Tenement dwellers - The wide boulevards and splendid
public buildings built by Napoleon III's chief planner Georges
Haussmann resulted in the movement of the poor into slums
found in the city center which was near the factories and, for
many, their place of employment.
Florence Nightingale - is credited with helping to create
reforms in British army hospitals that directly led to increased
sanitation and decreased percentages of fatalities. She founded
the world's first school of nursing.
Urban renewal - is the rebuilding of the poor areas of a city.
Labor Unions - Through the use of strikes and with the help
of reformers and working-class voters, labor unions were able
to pressure lawmakers to implement eight hour work days,
improve safety measures, and outlaw child labor, among other
laws.
Life in the Industrial Age (1800–1914)
Chapter 6 section 2 Note#24
Friedrich Engels - German Socialist philosopher in 1845 wrote
about Working conditions in England "The way in which the vast
mass of the poor are treated by modern society is truly
scandalous…There is no end to the sufferings which are heaped
on the heads of the poor."
Louis Pasteur - Most doctors scoffed at the germ theory until the
French chemist Louis Pasteur, in 1870, clearly showed that
microbes are the cause of specific infectious diseases, until 1870.
Rise of Cities - the promise of available employment,
immigration, lower mortality rates due to better sanitation and
health care, and the attraction of cultural activities caused the
growth in urban cities.
mutual-aid societies - Due to the harsh conditions of industrial
life, people formed mutual-aid societies, which were self-help
group to aid sick or injured workers.
Life in the Industrial Age (1800–1914)
Chapter 6 section 2 Note#24
The standard of living - in a given society, it is the standard
measure of the quality and availability of adequate living
necessities and comforts.
Class Quiz #24
1. Eighth-hour work days, improved safety measures, and the
outlawing of child labor were all accomplishments fought for by
A) labor unions.
B) mutual-aid societies.
C) business leaders.
D) the bourgeois.
2. When people have access to both the necessities and comforts of
society, they are considered to have an adequate
A) degree of wealth.
B) way of life.
C) lifestyle.
D) standard of living.
3. Most doctors did NOT believe in the __________, which states that
microbes are the cause of specific infectious diseases, until 1870.
A) pasteurization process
B) germ theory
C) infection theory
D) hygiene and sanitation doctrine
Class Quiz #24
4. Cities grew by the millions due to the
A) decreased mobility of urban dwellers.
B) existence of government housing subsidies.
C) promise of available employment.
D) existence of a drought throughout the nation's rural areas.
5. In order to help sick or injured colleagues, workers formed
A) social clubs.
B) labor unions.
C) mutual-aid societies.
D) medical clinics.
Quick Write:
Labor unions fought to
protect workers from
unfair business practices.
Do you think they are still
important today?
Chapter 5&6
UNIT 3 TEST
The New Imperialism (1800–1914)
Ch. 9 Sec. 1 Notes #25
European imperialism - began long before the 1800s, but
movements into Africa and Asia marked a new age of expansion.
Imperialism is the domination by one country of the political,
economic, or cultural life of another country or region
Sphere of influence - an area in which an outside power claims
exclusive investment or trading privileges. It was a form of Western
imperial control.
Protectorate - local rulers were left in place but were expected to
follow the advice of European advisors on issues such as trade or
missionary activity. protectorates cost less to run than a colony did,
and usually did not require a large commitment of military force.
Direct Rule - The French practiced direct rule in which France
ruled over the territories directly making all decisions, while the
British relied on a system of indirect rule, using sultans, chiefs, or
other local rulers as governors
The New Imperialism (1800–1914)
Ch. 9 Sec. 1 Notes #25
Social Darwinism - the belief in racial superiority. Imperialists
applied Darwin's ideas about natural selection and survival of the
fittest to human societies and the practice of colonizing other
nations.
The White Man’s Burden - many missionaries, doctors and
colonial officials believed they had a duty to spread the "blessings" of
Western civilization to those "less fortunate," and they brought
Western medicine, law, and Christian religion to these areas.
Prestige Factor - Western leaders felt that ruling a global empire
increased a nation's prestige, or its power to impress or influence
because of success or wealth, around the world.
The Maxim machine gun - European advances in weaponry, in
particular the Maxim machine gun and repeating rifle, convinced
many Asian and Africans to accept Western control.
Class Quiz #25
1. In a(n) __________, local rulers were left in place but were
expected to follow the advice of European advisors on certain
issues.
A) prestige
B) protectorate
C) sphere of influence
D) imperialism
2. What weapon helped the Europeans subdue resistant nonWestern colonies?
A) the cannon
B) the Maxim machine gun
C) the bayonet
D) the submarine
3. Western leaders felt that ruling a global empire increased a
nation's __________ around the world.
A) imperialism
B) prestige
C) protectorate
D) sphere of influence
4. Which phrase best describes the term sphere of influence?
A) a sense of national pride and aggressive foreign policy
B) an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or
trading privileges
C) the power to impress or influence because of success or wealth
D) domination by one country of political, economic, or 5. cultural life of
another country
5. European __________ began long before the 1800s, but movements
into Africa and Asia marked a new age of expansion.
A) sphere of influence
B) protectorate
C) prestige
D) imperialism
QUICK WRITE:
Rudyard Kipling’s poem “The
White Man’s Burden” refers
to the native people of Africa
as “half devil and half-child”.
Is this a racist poem? How
does it reflect the idea of
Social Darwinism?
The New Imperialism (1800–1914)
Ch. 9 Sec. 2 Notes #26
• Africa Through the 1700s - Europeans did NOT travel to
the interior of Africa until the 1800’s because of resistance
by Africans, difficult geography, and diseases
• Dr. David Livingstone - crisscrossed Africa for 30 years as
a missionary and explorer. He believed that the only way to
end the cruelty of the slave trade was to open the interior of
Africa to Christianity and trade.
• Henry Stanley - trekked into Central Africa to find Dr.
Livingstone, and in 1871 finally found him in what is today
Tanzania.
• Christian missionaries - wanted to replace African
cultures with their own. To most missionaries, African
cultures and religions were "degraded," and they urged
Africans to embrace Western civilization.
The New Imperialism (1800–1914)
Ch. 9 Sec. 2 Notes #26
• Western-educated African elite – During the Age of
Imperialism a Western-educated African elite, or upper
class, emerged.
• The Congo Free State - was a large area in Central
Africa that was privately controlled by Leopold II, King of
the Belgians. King Leopold II was forced to turn the colony
over to the Belgian government in 1908 after International
outrage over horrifying reports of Belgian overseers
brutalizing villagers.
• Sierra Leone - In 1787, the British organized Sierra Leone
in West Africa as a colony for former slaves
• Menelik II - began to modernize Ethiopia and recognized
the need to import the latest weapons and recruit European
officers to train his army—eventually resulting in the
defeat of Italian forces at the battle of Adowa.
The New Imperialism (1800–1914)
Ch. 9 Sec. 2 Notes #26
• Boar War – Dutch settlers clashed with England who had
acquired the cape colony after the discovery of Gold and
Diamonds in the Boar (Dutch) lands
• Cecil Rhodes - wanted to expand the British Empire across
all of Africa because he believed that the Anglo-Saxon race
was destined to greatness. His business interest were Gold
and Diamonds and was one of the richest men in the world
Class Quiz #26
1) __________ defeated the Italians when they invaded his country and
preserved its independence.
A) Rhodes
B) Menelik II
C) Leopold II
D) Livingstone
2) The best known explorer and missionary in Africa was
A) Dr. Livingstone. B) King Leopold II. C) Cecil Rhodes. D) Henry Stanley.
3) Who settled in the British colony of Sierra Leone?
A) widowed women and children
C) British soldiers
B) Native Americans
D) former slaves
4) Which of the following statements about Christian missionaries in
Africa is true?
A) Christian missionaries wanted to replace African cultures with their own.
B) Christian missionaries wanted to study African cultures and customs.
5) Through the 1700s, Europeans did NOT travel to the interior of Africa
because
A) of the deadly wildlife.
B) of superior African armies.
C) of its difficult geography, resistance of Africans, and disease.
Quick Write: Who is represented in
the cartoon and What does the
Cartoon mean
The New Imperialism (1800–1914)
Ch. 9 Sec. 3 Notes #27
Iran - Before the discovery of oil in the early 1900s, Western
powers were interested in Iran because of its location to protect
their interests or expand their empire.
Concessions - special rights given to foreign powers. When
Russia and Britain were both interested in Iranian oil fields, they
persuaded the Iranian government to grant them concessions
allowing access to oil fields in Persia
Sultans - were rulers of the Ottoman Turkish empire.
Pashas - In the Ottoman Empire, pashas were provincial rulers
who had gradually increased their power by the early 1800s.
Ottoman Empire Collapses - nationalism and European
powers eager to seize Ottoman lands benefit from the slow
crumbling of the Ottoman empire which was weakened by
internal revolts and multi-ethnic disputes.
The New Imperialism (1800–1914)
Ch. 9 Sec. 3 Notes #27
• Armenian Genocide - The Muslim Turks accused
Christian Armenians of supporting Russian plans against
the Ottoman empire. When they protested, the Turks forced
them from the eastern mountains of the empire. The Sultan
ordered Armenians slaughtered, and over the next 25 years
between 600,000 and 1.5 million were Killed or died
• Egypt Modernizes – Called the “father of modern Egypt”
introduced a new tax system, reorganized landholdings,
expanded farm production and industrialization, and
participated in world trade. He also modernized the military
with weapons and western military trainers. He then
conquered neighboring Arabia, Syria, and Sudan.
• Suez Canal – in 1859 Ferdinand de Lesseps organized a
French company to build the waterway in Egypt to connect
the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea.
Class quiz #27
1. Russia and Britain, both interested in Iranian oil fields,
persuaded the Iranian government to grant them
A) sultans
B) concessions
C) genocide D) Muhammed Ali
2. What triggered the Armenian genocide?
A) Nationalism B) Socialism
C) Darwinism
D) industrialization
3. Where is the Suez Canal?
A) Russia
B) Egypt
C) Iran
D) Turkey
4. Who were sultans?
A) canal builders
B) rulers of the Ottoman Turkish empire
C) long-awaited saviors of the fatih
5. Imperialist powers were initially interested in Iran largely
because of its
A) Gold
B) location
C) oil
D) fertile farmland.
Quick Write: What is the meaning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alJaltUmrGo&feature=player_detai
lpage
The New Imperialism (1800–1914)
Ch. 9 Sec. 4 Notes #28
• Thomas Macaulay - British historian wrote that "a single
shelf of a good European library is worth the whole native
literature of India and Arabia," his comment showed how little
most people knew about Indian achievements and how they
dismissed Indian culture with contempt.
• Cast System – The class you are born into is the only one you
will be. Britain ended the use of the cast system
• Britain –encouraging the diverse Indian population to compete
against one another and thus keep theme from uniting. And
making their local leaders easier to conquer
• Sati - is a Hindu custom that called for a widow to join her
husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral fire.
• Purdah - the isolation of women in separate quarters, was one
aspect traditional Indian culture that Ram Mohun Roy wished
to reform
The New Imperialism (1800–1914)
Ch. 9 Sec. 4 Notes #28
• Sepoy – Indian Soldiers in the service of the East India
Company
• Sepoy Mutiny – Britain introduced a new grease rifle that
used animal fat. The Hindu and Muslim sepoy soldiers
refused to use them and rebeled.
• Sepoy Rebellion result - In 1858, Parliament ended the
rule of the East India Company and Britain began to rule
India directly as a colony.
• Ram Mohun Roy – combine the cultural and scholar
views of the west with those from Persia, and Arabia. He
founded the Hindu College in Calcutta
The New Imperialism (1800–1914)
Ch. 9 Sec. 4 Notes #28
• The Indian National Congress – The Westerneducated class of Indians called for greater democracy
and independence for India, and believed in peaceful
protest. They formed a nationalist movement
• Muslim League – At first the Muslims worked with
Hindus for Indian independence, but then they became
worried about a Hindu government and separated to
form their government body.
Class quiz # 28
1. What British act created a problem for the sepoys, leading to the
Sepoy Rebellion?
A) the transformation of agriculture B) the issue of new rifles
C) the creation of railways
D) the strain on the food supply
2) Indian Soldiers in the service of the East India Company
A) Sepoy
B) Vice Roy C) sati D) Ram Mohun Roy
3) This Group had learned about democracy and equality and
wished to end imperialist rule
A) Sepoy
B) Western-educated Indians C) sati D) East Indian Co.
4) The class you are born into is the only one you will be is an
example of this system
A) Agricultural
B) Democratic
C) Cast
D) Oppressive
5) a Hindu custom that called for a widow to join her husband in
death by throwing herself on his funeral fire
A) Sepoy
B) Vice Roy
C) sati
D) Purdah
Quick Write
The New Imperialism (1800–1914)
Ch. 9 Sec. 5 Notes #29
• Balance of trade - A nation's balance of trade refers to the
difference between how much a country imports and how
much it exports.
• China - sold tea to European merchants prior to the 1800s.
• Trade Deficits – China accepted only silver in payment by
China for tea which resulted in trade deficits for England.
• Opium - British merchants began making huge profits by
trading opium grown in India for Chinese tea, which was
popular in Britain.
• The Opium War - was fought between Great Britain and
China over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic
relations, trade, and the administration of justice for foreign
nationals. Britain beat China and forced five ports to be
opened to their trade
The New Imperialism (1800–1914)
Ch. 9 Sec. 5 Notes #29
• The Boxer Uprising - Anti-foreign feeling finally exploded,
and foreigners were attacked across China.
• Guang Xu – Young Emperor of China launched the
Hundred Days of reform, setting out to modernize the civil
service exams, streamline government, and encourage new
industries His reform was called off by the regent, and at the
same time put him under house arrest.
• Self-Strengthening Movement - In the 1860s, reformers
launched the "self-strengthening movement." They imported
western technology, developed shipyards and industry, and
translated western works.
• In 1911, the Qing dynasty fell - It was replaced by a new
Chinese republic, with Sun Yixian as president.
• Japan – Invades in 1934 in the Sino-Japanese war
Class quiz # 29
• 1. Which phrase best describes the term balance of trade?
•
A) the difference between how much a country imports and how much it exports
•
B) a country exports more than it imports
•
C) payment for losses in a war
•
D) a country imports more than it exports
• 2. Anti-foreign feeling finally exploded with the __________ in 1900, and
foreigners were attacked across China.
A) Guang Xu B) Taiping Rebellion C) trade deficit D) Boxer Uprising
• 3. What was China's big export to Britain?
A) Opium
B) tea
C) guns
D) gold
• 4. What was one result of the Opium War?
A) Britain gained the island of Hong Kong.
B) China became more isolated.
• 5. What was the "self-strengthening movement"?
A) a movement to humiliate Japan after the Opium War
•
B) a movement to remain isolated from the rest of the World
•
C) a movement to implement Western reforms
Quick Write
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 1 Notes #30
• World War I - was a military conflict that lasted from 1914
to 1918 and involved most of the world's great powers
• Allies Powers - (centred around the Triple Entente)The
nations of England, France, and Russia. later America would
enter the war against Germany
• Central Powers - Germany, Austria, Hungry, and the
Ottoman Empire
• The Assanination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of
Austria – The assassination of Ferdinand, heir to the throne
of Austria-Hungary, at the hands of Serbian nationalist
Gavrilo Princip is seen as the immediate trigger of the war
• balance of power - a complex network of political and
military alliances throughout Europe meant to keep the
peace.
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 1 Notes #30
• Austria's ultimatum - To avoid war, Serbia must end all
anti-Austrian agitation and punish any Serbian official
involved in the plot to murder Archduke Francis Ferdinand.
• Mobilization - After Austria refused to soften its demands
of Serbia, Russia began to its forces.
• France - hoped to recover the border provinces of Alsace and
Lorraine which was annexed by Germany following France's
loss in the Franco-Prussian War
• The Schlieffen Plan - General Alfred von Schlieffen had
thought that Germany should move first against France in
order to ensure quick defeat before moving on to Russia
• Great Britain - was neutral in the war until the Germans
invaded Belgium (also a neutral country). The Germans had
hoped to march through Belgium and crush France's army.
Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 1 Notes #
1. What is another name for the alliance between France, Britain, and
Russia?
A) The Powder Keg
B) The Triple Entente
C) The Ottoman Empire
D) Pan-Slavism
2. If a nation were to mobilize for war, what would it be doing?
A) preparing military forces
B) retreating from conflict
C) raising tension through inaction
D) keeping the peace
3. What term describes the final set of demands issued by Austria to Serbia
after the Archduke's assassination?
A) machinery of war
B) unconditional support
C) Ultimatum
D) militarism
4. The Schlieffen Plan was developed as a plan of attack against
A) Germany.
B) Italy.
C) France.
D) Britain.
5. Why did the British declare war on Germany in 1914?
A) to protect Belgium
B) to punish Serbia
C) to gain colonies
D)to gain territory
Quick Write:
How did Imperialism and
Nationalism increase
tension and fighting
around the world?
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 2 Notes #31
• World War I - was different from earlier wars because it was the
first war to make use of modern technology and machinery. World
War I was the first war to use modern weapons such as machine
guns and poison gas, and the first war to employ the technology of
tanks, airplanes, and submarines.
• Russia - Of the great powers in WWI, Russia was the least
industrialized. Some of Russia's troops even lacked rifles in this
modern war.
• Trench Warfare - The Germans, British and French dug deep
trenches to help protect their armies from enemy fire on the
Western Front where many battles fought. They were often forced
to live in the trenches for long periods of time.
• Convoys in World War I – to defend their merchant ships
against German submarines, the Allies organized convoys
Merchant ships were protected by warships against U-boat
attack.
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 2 Notes #31
• U-boat - U-boat is the nickname of the German word for
submarine
• Airplane - At first, aircraft were utilized simply to observe
enemy troop movements.
• Dardanelles - The Dardanelles is a vital waterway in Turkey
connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Sea of Marmara, which
then leads to the Bosporus and on to the Black Sea.
• Armenian Genocide - The Armenian minority in Turkey was
deported, and between 600,000 and 1.5 million died due to
planned massacres or starvation. It is sometimes referred to as
the Armenian Diaspora or the
• Colonel T. E. Lawrence - Colonel T. E. Lawrence was sent to
the Middle East to support the Arab revolt against the Turks. T.
E. Lawrence led guerilla raids against the Turks, dynamiting
bridges and supply trains. He is also known by what name
Lawrence of Arabia
Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 2 Notes #
1. World War I was different from earlier wars because it was the first war
to make use of
A) modern technology and machinery.
B) naval power.
B) guerrilla tactics.
C) trade alliances.
2. At first, aircraft were __________ simply to observe enemy troop
movements.
A) industrialized
B) disastrous
C) Utilized
D) confronted
3. Colonel T. E. Lawrence is also known by what name?
A) The Dogfighter
B) Colonel Schlieffen
C) The Flying Ace
D)Lawrence of Arabia
4. What group of people was deported and killed by the Turks?
A) Armenians
B) Greek Cypriots
C) Russians
D) Romanians
5. On the Western Front, where were many battles fought?
A) on the water
B) in cities
C) in trenches
D) in the desert
Quick Write:
Suicide in the Trenches
I KNEW a simple soldier boy Who
grinned at life in empty joy, Slept soundly
through the lonesome dark, And whistled
early with the lark.
In winter trenches, cowed and glum, With
crumps and lice and lack of rum, He put a
bullet through his brain. No one spoke of
him again.
You smug-faced crowds with kindling eye
Who cheer when soldier lads march by,
Sneak home and pray you'll never know
The hell where youth and laughter go.
- Siegfried Sassoon,
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 3 Notes #32
• Contraband - The British tried to keep contraband from
reaching Germany. During wartime, goods such as military
supplies and raw materials needed to make military supplies are
also know as contraband.
• The Turnip Winter" - When the potato crop failed in 1916 and
1917, the German people ate turnips, the next best food in supply
since the British were blocking most other goods.
• Conscription or Draft - By 1916, all of the warring nations
imposed universal military conscription, requiring all young men
to be ready for military service.
• Atrocities - horrible acts against innocent people Tales of
atrocities, although sometimes false or exaggerated, were
circulated by the British and French press as part of their
propaganda efforts.
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 3 Notes #32
• Propaganda - the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage
an opposing cause. During World War I, governments used
propaganda to raise morale and motivate its citizens. Because
countries were channeling all their resources into the war,
governments Governments used propaganda to control public
opinion.
• Siegfried Sassoon - By 1917, war morale was collapsing, British
poet and soldier Siegfried Sassoon often wrote about the dark,
wasteful aspects of the war in which he fought.
• Vladimir Lenin - was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician
and political theorist. He served as the leader of the Russia from
1917-1922.
• Russian Revolution - The Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin,
and the workers' Soviets, overthrew the Provisional Government in
Petrograd.
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 3 Notes #32
• The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - ended Germany's war with
Russia and allowed it to send troops from the Eastern Front
to the Western Front. Germany benefited directly from the
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• President Wilson - favored self-determination , the right
of people to choose their own form of government. Selfdetermination was favored by President Wilson for the
people of Eastern Europe as part of his Fourteen Points.
• Fourteen Points - The overall goal of President Wilson's
Fourteen Points was to resolve this and future wars. Wilson
hoped to create peace with his Fourteen Points, the list of
terms whose goal was to bring World War I (and all wars)
to an end.
Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 3 Notes # 32
1. Governments used propaganda to
A) control public opinion.
B) supply the troops.
C) finance the war effort.
D) keep the public informed of the facts.
2. Another term for "the draft" is
A) propaganda.
B) self-determination.
C) conscription.
D) armistice.
3. Germans experienced "the turnip winter" of 1916 and 1917 because
A) turnips are easily stored
B) the North Sea region is full of turnips.
C) turnips boosted morale.
D) the potato crop failed.
4. President Wilson favored __________, the right of people to choose their
own form of government.
A) Conscription
B) self-determination
C) Propaganda
D) armistice
5. What was the significance of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
A) It promised that Germany would no longer utilize U-boats.
B) It guaranteed the delivery of rations to soldiers in desolate areas.
C) It awarded areas of the Middle East to the Allied forces.
D) It ended Russian participation in World War I.
Quick Write:
Describe what you see here
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 4 Notes #33
• Armistice to Treaty - The Central Powers did not see the armistice
as a full surrender. the Central Powers stunned by the Allies'
demand for reparations? The Central Powers had seen the armistice
only as an agreement to end the fighting. They were surprised to find
themselves taking all the blame for the war.
• Colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific - Many colonial troops
had joined the war effort hoping that the Allies recognized the
importance of self-rule. They felt hopeful about the Paris Peace
Conference because they hoped peace would bring an end to imperial
rule.
• Mandates - Following World War I, mandates established territories
administered by Western powers during the Paris Peace Conference.
Britain and France gained mandates over German colonies in Africa,
as well as mandates in the Middle East following the collapse of the
Ottoman Empire. Japan and Australia were given mandates over
some Pacific islands previously controlled by Germany
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 4 Notes #33
• British and French post war Goals - British and French
leaders to weaken Germany and make it pay for the war. The
Allies blamed the Central Powers for the war, and demanded
reparations to pay off huge war debts and costs of reconstruction.
• The Treaty of Versailles - was the name of the agreement that
ended World War I? The Treaty of Versailles ended the war.
Germany was assigned the aggressor under the Treaty of
Versailles and was considered the nation that had started the
war. Germany was forced to pay reparations after World War I to
England and France as result
• Influenza pandemic - A pandemic is the spread of a disease
across a large area—in this case, the whole world. A deadly
pandemic of influenza spread across the world in 1918, killing
more than 20 million people
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 4 Notes #33
• collective security - Woodrow Wilson felt the League of
Nations would be based on the idea of collective security, a
system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve
the peace of all. wanted the idea of a collective security for
all nations to be a foundation for a League of Nations to be
formed following World War I.
• U.S. Senate dispute over the League of Nations - The
Senate was divided over whether or not the U.S. should be
compelled by a treaty to fight in future foreign wars, and in
the end, the US refused to join the League
Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 4
1. Following World War I, what were the mandates established
during the Paris Peace Conference?
• A) territories administered by Western powers
• B) systems in which groups of nations act as one
• C) people who wanted to make extreme changes
• D) payments for war damage
2. A deadly __________ of influenza spread across the world in 1918,
killing more than 20 million people.
• A) mandate
C) pandemic
• B) radical
D) convoy
3. What was the dispute in the US Senate over the League of
Nations?
• A) whether or not the US would be obligated to fight another war
• B) whether or not Russia would be allowed to join the League
• C) whether or not it should be set up in Paris
• D) whether or not Germany would need to pay off war debts
Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 4
4. What goal for postwar peace was shared by British and French
leaders?
• A) to weaken Germany and make it pay for the war
• B) to form a postwar alliance with the United States
• C) to unite France and Britain into one empire
• D) to divide German lands between them
5. Why did colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific feel hopeful about
the Paris Peace Conference?
• A) They suffered the most damage during the war.
• B) They hoped peace would bring an end to imperial rule.
• C) They wanted to see Germany humiliated.
• D) They were slowly accepted into the international community.
Quick Write:
If you were a group of people
asked to fight for Britain or
France under the reassurance
that after the war you would
gain your own nation, but
found that you were lied too…
how would you feel towards
the western countries?
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 5 Notes #5
Tsarina Alexandra - When Tsar Nicholas went to the front
lines, Alexandra relied on Rasputin, a self-proclaimed "holy
man" who had helped her hemophiliac son, for advice on
ruling the country.
The March Revolution - Most Russians were tired of a war
that had left them hungry and without resources. In March
1917, the people surged through the streets calling for bread.
Vladimir Lenin – Leader of the Communist Bolsheviks was
provoked to hate the tsarist government when Lenin's brother
was executed for planning to kill the tsar, Lenin was
seventeen. His family was branded a threat to the state, and
this led him to hate the government.
Bolsheviks - The name that Lenin gave to the revolutionary
party means "majority."
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 5 Notes #5
Proletariat - is used to describe the growing class of factory
and railroad workers, miners, and urban wage earners.
The civil war in Russia - was fought between the "Reds"
and "Whites." The communists, or "Reds," were the Red
Guards who carried a red flag. The "White" armies were made
up of tsarist imperial officers and anyone else who wished to
defeat the Bolsheviks.
Soviet Commissars – were communist party officials
assigned to the army to teach party principles and ensure
party loyalty
After the Bolshevik Revolution - Russia negotiated the
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signaling Russia's withdrawal from
World War I which affected the hopes of both the Allies and
the Central powers.
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 5 Notes #5
The Cheka - were a secret police force that acted against
individuals suspected of taking action against the revolution.
Lenin's death – was the event that set off a power struggle
between Communist leaders. Trotsky and Stalin were the chief
contenders to rule Russia after Lenin's death. The two men
had very different ideas about how the communist government
should evolve.
Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 5
1. The civil war in Russia was fought between the "Reds" and
"Whites." Who were they?
• A) patriots and soviets
• B) Marxists and Germans
• C) tsarist imperial officers and communists
• D) soviets and communists
2. What provoked Lenin to hate the tsarist government?
• A) He felt it was overly dependent on Rasputin's advice.
• B) The tsar maintained unwavering patriotism in the face of
German oppression.
• C) His brother was arrested and hanged for plotting to kill the
tsar.
• D) Lenin had support from the nobles in the tsar's government.
Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 5
3. The name Bolsheviks that Lenin gave to the revolutionary
party means
• A) "majority.“
B) "minority."
• C) "war-weary.“
D) "tsarist."
4. What event set off a power struggle between Communist
leaders Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin?
• the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Lenin's death
• civil war between the "Reds" and the "Whites"
• the abdication of the Tsar
5. What conditions helped provoke the March Revolution?
• food and fuel shortages as a result of the war
• Russian victories on the Eastern front
• the refusal of Nicholas II to step down
• an alliance with Cenral Powers
Quick Write:
Comrade Stalin has
concentrated an enormous
power in his hands; and I am
not sure he always knows how
to use that power with
sufficient caution”
- Lenin
What do you think Lenin
About thought about Stalin?
END
OF
SEMESTER 1
Nationalism and Revolution(1910–1939)
Ch.12 Sec 1 Notes # 1
Haciendas - were large plantations controlled by the
landowning elite. Most peasants in Mexico worked on
haciendas controlled by the landowning elite.
1910 Revolution in Mexico - The main cause of was the
government's disregard for human rights. In Mexico, small
groups of wealthy landowners kept the economic benefits of
the booming economy for themselves while the growing middle
and lower classes had very little. These inequalities eventually
led to revolution.
Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Venistiano
Carranza - launched a rebellion against General Huerta who
assassinated President Madero.
Carranza – A wealth Hacienda owner then turned on Villa
and Zapata defeating them and becoming President.
Nationalism and Revolution(1914-1924)
Ch.12 Sec 1 Notes # 1
The Mexican Constitution of 1917 - permitted the breakup
of large estates and allowed nationalization, or government
takeover, of natural resources.
Economic nationalism - refers to the emphasis on home
control of the economy. Latin American countries were
determined to develop their own industries so they would not
have to buy so many products from other countries.
Women's’ Rights - The Mexican Constitution of 1917 only
gave suffrage to men, women doing the same job as men were
entitled to the same pay.
U.S. Role - After World War I, the U.S. continued to play the
role of international policeman, intervening to restore order
whenever it felt its interests were threatened.
Class quiz Ch. 12 Sec. 1
1. The Mexican Constitution of 1917 permitted the breakup of large estates
and allowed __________ of natural resources.
A) Good economics B) nationalization C) Good Neighbor Policy
D) haciendas
2. Under the Constitution of 1917, which of the following statements about
women in Mexico is true?
A) Women were entitled to the same pay as men. B) Women could not work.
C) Women could vote.
D) Women had to give their husbands their money.
3. Who was Mexico’s first President after the revolution?
A) Villa
B) Carranza
C) Huerta
D) Zapata
4. Most peasants in Mexico worked on __________ controlled by the
landowning elite.
A) haciendas
B) cultural nationalisms
C) murals
D) nationalizations
5. After World War I, the U.S. continued to play the role of ________________,
intervening to restore order whenever it felt its interests were threatened.
A) World Bully
B) hacienda Enforcers
C) National World leader
D)international policeman
6. que es más guapo?
A) Julio Englias
B) Senior Coleman
Quick Write:
Has The United States been a
good neighbor to Mexico?
Nationalism and Revolution (1914-1924)
Ch.12 Sec 2 Notes # 2
Apartheid - In South Africa, apartheid was a system of strict
segregation, restricting the rights of blacks. During Apartheid whites
strengthen their grip on South Africa by imposing this system of
segregation. The goal was to ensure their economic, political, and social
supremacy.
African National Congress - was an attempt by black South Africans
to protest unfair laws. Africans tried to deal with the injustices faced
under the system of white rule by forming a political party though their
efforts had no immediate effect on South Africa's white government
The Négritude Movement - French-speaking writers in West Africa
and the Caribbean expressed pride in their African roots and protested
colonial rule.
Pan-Africanism - During the 1920s, Pan-Africanism began to nourish
the nationalist spirit and strengthen resistance for Africans and peoples
of African descent. It emphasized the unity of Africans and people of
African descent worldwide.
Nationalism and Revolution (19141924) Ch.12 Sec 2 Notes # 2
Asia Minor - Following World War I, the area in Asia Minor,
between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea called the
Turkish peninsula is where Turks resisted Western control and
fought to build a modern nation of Turkey.
Ataturk - modernized Turkey along western lines and separated
religion from government.
The European Zionist - or Jewish nationalist movement, a
response to growing anti-Semitism in Europe, desired the
rebuilding of a Jewish state in Palestine.
Balfour Declaration - the British advocated the idea of setting
up "a national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine.
Egypt - was granted independence in 1922, but Britain still
controlled its monarchy. A broad Islamic nationalism in the guise
of an organization called the Muslim Brotherhood was fostered in
Egypt in the 1930s that rejected British (and Western) culture.
Class quiz Ch. 12 Sec. 2
1. French-speaking writers in West Africa and the Caribbean awakened
self-confidence among Africans through
A) Balfour Declaration.
B) négritude movement. C) Pan-Africanism.
D)
Pan-Arabism.
2. Which term describes the Turkish peninsula between the Black Sea and
the Mediterranean Sea?
A) Nigeria
B) Major Asia
C) Asia Minor
D) the Middle East
3. In 1917, the British attempted to win the support of European Jews by
issuing the
A) Asia Minor Treatise.
B) Pan-Arabism Defense.
B) C) négritude movement. D) Balfour Declaration.
4. During the 1920s, __________ began to nourish the nationalist spirit and
strengthen resistance for Africans and peoples of African descent.
A) Pan-Africanism B) négritude movement
C) Asia Minor
D) apartheid
5. African Nationalism brought little political change to any one nation
with the exception of
A) Egypt.
B) Senegal.
C) Kenya.
D) South Africa.
Quick Write
When Britain issued the
Belfour Declaration what
do you think was the result
and attitude of the Arabs
that lived in Palestine at
the time?
Nationalism and Revolution(1914-1924)
Ch.12 Sec 3 Notes # 3
Amritsar massacre - On April 13, 1919 in Amritsar, a city in
northern India, General Reginald Dyer and 50 soldiers opened
fire on an unarmed crowd, killing nearly 400 people and
wounding more than 1,000.
Ahimsa - is the ancient Hindu doctrine providing for
nonviolence and reverence of all life.
Mohandas Gandhi - was the preeminent leader of Indian
nationalism in British-ruled India. He used nonviolent civil
disobedience. Gandhi led India to independence and inspired
movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
The Spinning Wheel - The symbol of the nationalist
movement that Gandhi promoted as part of a series of
nonviolent actions against British rule?
Nationalism and Revolution(1914-1924)
Ch.12 Sec 3 Notes # 3
The Untouchables - Gandhi fought hard to end the harsh
treatment of untouchables, who were members of the lowest
castes, or classes, in India.
Salt - The British government required Indians to buy only salt
sold by their monopoly, while natural salt was plentiful and easily
available to Indians from the sea.
Boycott - Gandhi called for Indians to boycott British goods,
especially cotton textiles. To boycott something is to refuse to buy
it.
Muslim and Hindu conflict - As India moved closer to
independence, internal tensions arose between Muslims and
Hindus. Muslim feared of the Hindu majority in India.
Independence Postponed - At the start of World War II,
Britain outraged Indian leaders by postponing independence and
bringing Indians in to the war without consulting them.
Class quiz Ch. 12 Sec. 3
1. The British opened fire on an unarmed crowd
A) boycott
B) Amritsar massacre
C) ahimsa D) civil disobedience
2. Gandhi called for Indians to __________ British goods, especially
cotton textiles.
A) Quarantine
B) boycott
C) discriminate
D) ahimsa
3. What symbol of the nationalist movement did Gandhi promote as
part of a series of nonviolent actions against British rule?
A) the spinning wheel B) the Hindu religion C) tea D) the untouchables
4. As India moved toward independence, tensions arose between
A) Muslims and Christian missionaries B) Muslims and Hindus.
B) Britain and Pakistan.
C) Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.
5. What product does Indian have plenty of, but England still forced
them to buy it from them?
A) Guns
B) Pepper
C) Lamb Wool
D) Salt
Quick Write:
Why do you suppose the
practice of non violent
protest works? Do you think
that you could use non
violent tactics when being
treated badly?
Nationalism and Revolution
(1914-1924) Ch.12 Sec 4 Notes # 4
May Fourth Movement - The goal of the was to strengthen
China through reform and learning from the West. It Started
after Allies gave Japan control over some former German
possessions in China, was to strengthen China.
Vanguard - is a group of elite leaders, and the Soviet Union
hoped to train Chinese students and military officers to become
the vanguard of a communist revolution and that its aid to the
Chinese would create a communist revolution in China.
Guomindang – Nationalist party led by Sun Yixan. Western
democracies refused to help, so Sun accepted aid from the
Soviet Union and joined forces with the small group of Chinese
communists as he tried to spread his government's rule over all
of China.
Nationalism and Revolution
(1914-1924) Ch.12 Sec 4 Notes # 4
Jiang Jieshi - After Sun Yixian's death in 1925, Jiang Jieshi
took over the Guomindang. He used the communist to crush
the warlords but then turned on them as a threat to his
government
Red bandits - Jiang called the Communists "Red bandits" and
led the Guomindang in a series of "extermination campaigns"
against them.
Long March - The Chinese Communists' were forced on an
epic retreat from 1934 to 1935, the Communists retreated into
a remote region in northern China during what is now called
the Long March
Mao Zedong - young leader of the communist party. During
the Long March, the Communists were disciplined and treated
peasants politely. Their behavior made them welcome and
strengthen their position among the people.
Nationalism and Revolution
(1914-1924) Ch.12 Sec 4 Notes # 4
Japanese Invasion - Japan invaded northern China in 1931.
The rape of Nanjing - The Japanese attack on the city of
Nanjing known. The Japanese killed hundreds of thousands of
people after the city's surrender and brutalized still more
Class Quiz Ch. 12 Sec. 4
1. The goal of the __________, which erupted after Allies gave Japan
control over some former German possessions in China, was to
strengthen China.
A) Jiang Jieshi
B) May Fourth Movement
C) Twenty-One Demands
D) Long March
2. The Chinese Communists' epic retreat from 1934 to 1935 is
known as the
A) Long March.
B) Twenty-One Demands.
C) May Fourth Movement. D) Guomindang.
3. Which country offered Sun Yixian help as he established his
government?
A) Japan
B) the Soviet Union
C) Germany
D)the United States
4. Jiang Jieshi's name for the Communists was the
A) twin evils.
B) Red bandits. C) Guomindang. D) Shanghai proletariat.
Quick Write:
After Jiang Jieshi turned on
communist and had almost
defeated the them completely
when he gave in and decided to
work with them again to fight the
Japanese. Do you think the
Communist actually trusted him
this time? What would you do if
you were the communist leader
Mao?
Nationalism and Revolution(1914-1924)
Ch.12 Sec 5 Notes # 5
1922 Naval agreement - In the spirit of world peace, Japan
signed an agreement with the United States and Britain to
limit the size of its navy.
Japan in the 1920s - The younger generation in Japan was in
revolt against tradition. They began to adopt Western fads and
fashions.
Emperor Hirohito - reigned over Japan from 1926 to 1989 an
astonishing 63 years
1923 Earth Quake - A low point in the Japanese economy
occurred when a devastating earthquake, one of the most
destructive quakes in history, struck the Tokyo area in 1923.
The Great Depression - hit Japan with devastating force, as
unemployment in the cities soared and rural peasants faced
starvation.
Nationalism and Revolution(1914-1924)
Ch.12 Sec 5 Notes # 5
Japanese Government - Despite leaning toward greater
democracy, political parties were manipulated, or influenced
skillfully, by the zaibatsu, Japan‘s powerful business leaders.
Ultranationalists - The Great Depression fed the discontent
of extreme nationalists, or ultranationalists, who condemned
politicians for agreeing to Western demands to stop overseas
expansion
Manchurian incident - The Japanese military provoked an
incident that provided an excuse to attack Manchuria. They
then set up a puppet state, governed by Puyi, without the
consent of the Japanese government.
League of Nations vs. Japan - When the League of Nations
condemned Japanese aggression against China, Japan simply
withdrew from the League.
Class quiz Ch. 12 Sec. 5
1. Who was emperor of Japan from 1926 to 1989?
A) Puyi
B) Manchuria
C) Hirohito
D) Shandong
2. Despite leaning toward greater democracy in 1920s Japan,
political parties were __________ by its powerful business leaders.
A) occupied
B) manipulated
C) ultranationalist D) recovered
3. What natural disaster shook the Japanese economy in 1923?
A) tsunami that flooded Honshu
B) an earthquake that struck the Tokyo area
C) a blizzard that crippled Okinawa
D) a monsoon that flooded Manchuria
4. In 1931 the Japanese military seized __________ and set up a
puppet state there.
A) Bejing
B) Zaibatsu
C) Manchuria
D) Tokyo
5. The __________ condemned Japanese aggression against China.
A) Hirohito B) League of Nations C) ultranationalists
D) Axis Powers
Quick Write:
Use the Map on page 412.
You are in charge of Japan.
You have built factories,
but Japan is an island and
it needs recourses to run
those factories. What do
you do?
End of Chapter 12
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 1 Notes # 6
After World War I - Although most women left jobs they had held
during the war after it ended, their war work helped them win the
vote in many Western countries, and in many western countries
women were allowed to work in all of the same fields as men.
The postwar atmosphere of emancipation - women began to
work as reporters or novelists, and they became golfers and tennis
players.
The Harlem Renaissance - During the Harlem Renaissance, an
African American cultural awakening, African American writers and
artists expressed their pride in their unique culture.
Jazz Music – In the United States African American musicians
combined Western harmonies with African rhythms to create jazz.
Christian fundamentalist movements - An opposing reaction to
the freedoms and looseness of morals of the jazz age swept through
rural areas.
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 1 Notes # 6
Psychoanalysis – Sigmund Freud pioneered psychoanalysis, a
method of studying how the mind works and treating mental
disorders.
Abstract Art – a type of artwork that was composed only of lines,
colors, and shapes, sometimes with no recognizable subject matter at
all? Artists such as Kandinsky and Klee moved further away from
representing reality in developing abstract art.
Albert Einstein – a German-born physicist with advanced theories
of relativity introduced his theories of relativity in 1905 and 1916.?
Prohibition - a ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic
beverages, was a manifestation of conservative values in the United
States, and took effect in 1919.
Post WWI Literature - the postwar period reflected writers' loss of
faith in western civilization. To many postwar writers, the war
symbolized the moral breakdown of Western civilization.
Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 1
1. Jazz was pioneered by
A) Mexicans. B) African Americans C) Europeans. C) Canadians.
2. Freud's ideas led to a method of understanding the mind
called
A) dada. B) Prohibition.
C) surrealism. D) psychoanalysis.
3. What type of artwork was composed only of lines, colors, and
shapes, sometimes with no recognizable subject matter at all?
A) Flapper
B) Abstract C) Dada
D) Surreal
4. Literature in the postwar period reflected writers' loss of
faith in
A) stream of consciousness. B) surrealism.
C) western civilization
D) human nature.
5. Which German-born physicist advanced the theories of
relativity?
A) Marie Curie B) Leon Blum C) Sigmund Freud D) Albert Einstein
Quick Write:
Show me an example of
Abstract Art
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 2 Notes # 7
A general strike - is a strike by workers in many different
industries at the same time. In 1926, a general strike lasted
nine days and involved some three million workers.
Red Scare – The fear of a communist takeover of the United
States moved Congress to pass tough laws limiting
immigration from Central Europe.
The Problem with Overproduction - Better technology
allowed factories to make more products faster during a time
when people were buying less, which resulted in
overproduction. Overproduction is a condition in which the
production of goods exceeds the demand for them.
The Great Depression - In the autumn of 1929, fears about
the economy led many to sell their stocks, and as a result, The
United States Stock market crashed which triggered a global
economic collapse .
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 2 Notes # 7
The New Deal - Franklin D. Roosevelt's introduced a massive
package of economic and social programs known as the New
Deal to combat the Great Depression.
Maginot Line - To protect themselves from German invasion
and prevent an invasion, the French build massive
fortifications called the Maginot Line along its border with
Germany.
The Locarno treaties - were signed by seven European
nations to settle Germany's disputed borders with France,
Belgium, and Czechoslovakia. The Locarno treaties became the
symbol of a new era of peace.
IRA - (Irish Republic Army) Fought for a free Ireland. The
group used Terrorist tactics such as car bombs.
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 2 Notes # 7
Irish Independence –Moderates from both side agreed that
most of Ireland would be self-governed, but that England
would remain in control of Northern Ireland. The IRA would
fight for decades about the division.
Kellogg-Briand Pact – An agreement in which all the
countries of Europe “renounced war as an instrument of
national policy”.
League of Nations – Proved to be weak. The United States
never joined the League and though it condemned Japan’s
invasion of Manchuria, the League was powerless to stop it.
Dictators such as Hitler noticed the League’s weakness.
Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 2
1. Better technology allowed factories to make more products
faster during a time when people were buying less, which
resulted in
A) overproduction. B) general strike. C) disarmament. D) finance.
2. Which crisis in finance triggered the Great Depression?
A) Many businesses began to close.
B) World War II began.
C) The New York Stock Exchange crashed.
D) American banks demanded repayment of foreign loans.
3. How did Congress respond to the "Red Scare?"
A) Congress ratified a bill to send military assistance to Germany.
B) Congress passed laws limiting immigration from Europe.
C) Congress had all foreign-born immigrants deported
D) Congress passed laws to safeguard nuclear weapons.
Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 2 Continued
4. To protect themselves from German invasion, the
French built the
A) Maginot Line. B) Kellogg-Briand Pact.
C) New Deal.
D) Federal Reserve.
5. Which important Nation never Joined the League of
Nations which in turn weakened it as an organization?
A) Great Britain B) France
C) United States C) Japan
Quick Write:
If you saw that the School security
did nothing to people leaving class
without permission, would you
stay in class everyday?
So how do you think Hitler saw
the League of Nations in ability to
do anything about Japan’s
invasion of Manchuria
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 3 Notes # 8
After World War I - Returning veterans faced unemployment
in post-war Italy. Trade declined and taxes rose, and the
government seemed powerless to end the crisis.
Italian government - Italians accepted the use of violence by
the Fascists because they had lost faith in constitutional
government.
Black Shirts - Mussolini's "combat squad" Party militants,
known as the Black Shirts because they wore black shirts to
emulate an earlier national revolt, rejected the democratic
process in favor of violent action.
Fascism - In 1919, Mussolini organized the Fascist party, a
name derived from the Latin fasces. Fascism is an ideology
that is anti-democratic and in favor of aggressive foreign
expansion. It is rooted in extreme nationalism, which is
destructive to basic human rights.
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 3 Notes # 8
March on Rome - In October 1922, The Fascists party
swarmed the Italian capital and made a bid for power, tens of
thousands participated in the March
Mussolini - was a charismatic speaker who organized Italians
into the Fascist party, which symbolized unity and authority.
He promised to end corruption and replace the turmoil of postwar Italy with order.
The Fascists State - The most important thing to Fascist is
the glorification of the state, and the individual was
unimportant except as a member of the state.
Totalitarian State – A one party dictatorship that tries to
regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens.
Mussolini’s totalitarian state - Mussolini built the first
totalitarian state, a one-party dictatorship that attempted to
regulate every aspect of the lives of Italian citizens.
Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 3
1. Mussolini's "combat squad" supporters were
known as
A) ideology.
B) totalitarian state.
C) Black Shirts.
D) March on Rome.
2. Mussolini coined the term
A) totalitarian state.
B) Vatican City.
C) ideology.
D) fascism.
3. What was most important to the Fascists?
A) Agriculture
B) the individual
C) Marxism
D) the state
Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 3
4. When Fascists in Italy made a bid for power, tens of
thousands participated in the
A) totalitarian state.
B) Proclamation of Naples.
C) March on Rome.
D) Black Shirts.
5. Mussolini was responsible for building the first
A) totalitarian state.
B) March on Rome.
C) ideology.
D) Il Duce
Quick Write:
Democracies are slow
because everyone must
debate and consider all
sides. Do think it would be
better to have just one
person decide things
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 4 Notes # 9
Joseph Stalin – Took over control of the Soviet Union after
the death of Lenin by exiling his opponent. He turned the
Soviet Union into a totalitarian state.
“Cult of Personality” – Stalin wanted to control the hearts
and minds of Soviet citizens by relentlessly distributing
propaganda in his cult of personality.
“Show Trials" - Old Bolsheviks or party members confessed to
crimes after being tortured or threatened
Command Economy – The government makes all the basic
economic decisions. That is the Government sets the price and
quantity of goods.
Atheism – the belief that there is no god, became official state
policy in the Soviet Union.
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 4 Notes # 9
Collectives – Large farms owned and operated by peasant
groups. The government provides the farm equipment. The
people could keep all personal items, but all farm animals and
supplies were turned over to the collective.
Kulaks – Wealthy farmers that resisted attempts at
collectivization.
Terror famine – After Stalin liquidated the Kulak’s farms,
some angry peasants protested by growing just enough food for
themselves. Stalin ordered that all their grain be taken leaving
the peasants to starve. Combined with poor harvest about 5 to
8 million people died in the Ukraine.
Gulag - Critics of the Soviet system were rounded up and sent
to the Gulag, a system of brutal labor camps spread throughout
the Soviet Union.
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 4 Notes # 9
The Purge Great – Stalin has the secret police crack down on
military leaders, Party officials, industrial leaders, and anyone
else that would pose a threat to him. They were sent to the
Gulag. Many did not even get a trial.
Socialist Realism – A state mandated art style that Stalin
hoped would show the Soviet Union in a positive light
Video: Cult of Personality
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=7
xxgRUyzgs0
Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 4
1. The Soviet Union developed a __________ in which
government officials made all basic economic decisions.
A) socialist realism
B) Comintern
C) command economy
D) russification
2. Stalin believed that __________ were resisting
collectivization by killing farm animals and burning crops.
A) the kulaks
B) the collectives
C) the gulag
D) the Comintern
3. Which phrase best describes the Gulag?
A) large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group
B) an organization of wealthy farmers
C) a system of brutal labor camps
D) organizations aiding revolutionary groups around the world
Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 4
4. What were the public "show trials" in Moscow between 1936 and
1938?
A) Immigrant farmers were put on trial for insisting on their own land
within Russian borders.
B) Trials in which former Communist leaders confessed to crimes after
officials tortured them or threatened their families.
5. What was one unintentional result of Stalin's purges?
A) Stalin increased his power through his terror tactics.
B) Stalin got rid of many of the nation's most skilled and talented workers,
soldiers, and thinkers.
C) Stalin got rid of any rivals who were plotting against him.
D) Stalin discouraged the people's dissent.
Quick Write:
Stalin’s “Cult of
personality” was based in
propaganda posters like
these. What message is he
trying to send?
What message would you
want for your propaganda
posters to send here on
campus?
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 5 Notes # 10
After WWI – Germany created a Democratic government
known as the Weimer Republic led by a Chancellor, or prime
minister.
Ruhr Valley – A coal rich valley which belonged to Germany,
but became occupied by France when Germany fell behind in
their Retribution payments
German worker’s protest leads to Inflation - When
German workers protested Frances occupation of the Ruhr
valley by not working Germany supported them by continuing
to pay the workers. Printing more money to pay the workers
led to greater inflation and the mark dropped in value.
NAZI - Hitler joined a little known political organization after
WWI, which he renamed to the National Socialist German
Workers’ Party or NAZI
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 5 Notes # 10
Propaganda - Hitler used mastered propaganda forming
flags, badges, and uniforms for his party.
Brown Shirts – Hitler formed his own police force for his
political party called the SA, but they were known for the color
of their shirts.
The Beer Hall Putch – Hitler’s failed attempt to overthrow
the government and landed him in Jail
Lebensraum – “living space” for the Aryan People.
Mein Kampf - Hitler drafted his views and obsession with
extreme nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism.
The Promises – NAZI membership increased as
unemployment rose in Germany. Hitler promised to create
jobs, end reparation payments, and defy the treaty of
Versailles and rebuild Germany’s Army.
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 5 Notes # 10
Chancellor – Hitler was elected in 1933
Fuhrer - is “leader” or "guide" in the German Language. A
year after he was elected Chancellor he became the Fuhrer or
dictator of Germany
Hitler Youth - The Nazis indoctrinated young people. Youth
were took on hikes and sent to camps, the "Hitler Youth"
pledged absolute loyalty to Germany and undertook physical
fitness programs to prepare for war.
Kristallnacht – “night of shattered glass” a destructive
rampage against Jews. German mobs smashed widows of
Jewish homes and businesses and burned Synagogues. 7,000
Jewish businesses were destroyed and 100 Jews were killed.
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Ch.13 Sec 5 Notes # 10
German women - women's roles were limited by the Nazis,
and they were dismissed from upper-level jobs.
Anti-Semitism – Irrational hostility or hate towards the Jews
Nuremberg Laws – racial laws that excluded German Jews
from German citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews
and German citizens.
Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 5
1. The Nazis indoctrinated young people by
A) encouraging marriages as quickly as possible.
B) giving them the best health care available.
C) sending them to Switzerland.
D) creating the "Hitler Youth.“
2. The __________ deprived Jews of German citizenship and placed
severe restrictions on them.
A) Nuremberg Laws
B) Gestapo
C) Ruhr Valley
D) Chancellor
3. In the Weimar Republic, the parliamentary system was led by a
A) regime.
B) chancellor.
C) Gestapo.
D) passive.
Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 5
4. German workers in the __________ refused to work when the
French occupied the area.
A) Regime
B)Third Reich
C) Gestapo
C) Ruhr Valley
5. How were German women treated by the Nazi regime?
A) They were placed in high-ranking jobs.
B) They were offered scholarships to the universities.
C) They were dismissed from upper-level jobs.
D) They were despised as much as the Jews.
Quick Write:
These are images from
Kristallnacht. If this
were happening to you
and your family how
would you feel and what
would you do?
World War II (1931 - 1955)
Ch.14 Sec 1 Notes # 11
Military Build-up - Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by
building up the German military, and by then sending troops into
the Rhineland in 1936.
Anschluss – A union with Hitler’s native land Austria through
invasion and annexation
Sudetenland – a region of western Czechoslovakia (one of only
two Eastern Europe democracies). Hitler demanded that Germans
living in the region be given autonomy or annexed.
Munich Conference – the Western democracies Britain and
France in an act of appeasement convinced Czechoslovakia to give
up the Sudetenland to Germany without a fight
Appeasement - western democracies adopted a policy of
appeasement, or the giving into the demands of an aggressor in
order to keep the peace, after Hitler invaded Rhineland on the
German-French border.
World War II (1931 - 1955)
Ch.14 Sec 1 Notes # 11
Francisco Franco – Led a revolt in Spain that started a civil war.
National fascist supported Franco. Franco was supported by Hitler
and Mussolini. The Nazi’s used the Spanish civil war to test their
new weapons. Russia sent troops to fight against the Franco and the
Nazi.
Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact in 1939 - Germany and Russia
agreed to share Poland on the condition that neither would move
aggressively against the other, even though they were on opposing
sides during World War II
Invasion of Poland – German forces invade Poland in 1939. Two days
later Britain and France declare war on Germany.
Neutrality Acts – A series of acts designed to keep America out the
war. The first was banned American from providing weapons to
nations at war. The second banned loans to nations at war.
Axis Powers – An Agreement created by Mussolini between
Germany and Italy. Later joined by Japan
Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 1
1. Which of the following countries made up the Axis powers?
A) Great Britain, France, Russia, and the United States
B) Japan, Germany, and Italy
C) Russia, Germany, and Japan
D) United States, Great Britain, and France
2. Which country did Germany and the Soviet Union agree to divide up
between them in the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939?
A) Czechoslovakia
B) Poland
C) France
D) Hungary
3. Adolf Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by
A) refusing to pay reparations to the Allies.
B) building up the German military.
C) dropping out of the League of Nations.
D)Both A and B
Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 1
4. At the Munich Conference of 1938
A) the British and French chose appeasement as their strategy with the Germans
and convinced Czechoslovakia to give up the Sudetenland.
B) the United States agreed to form an alliance with Great Britain and France in
order to defend Europe from German aggression.
C) the French ceded control of the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany.
D) Italy agreed to withdraw from Ethiopia, and Germany agreed to withdraw from
Sudetenland.
5. Giving into the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace is
known as
A) pacifism.
B) neutrality.
C) appeasement.
D) militarism.
Quick Write:
If someone demanded your
lunch would you give it to
them just so they go away?
What would prevent them
from asking for your lunch
the next day too?
World War II (1931 - 1955)
Ch.14 Sec 2 Notes # 12
The Soviet Union and Germany Pact - In 1939, Germany attacked
Poland from the east while the Soviet Union attacked Poland from the west,
causing the defeat of Poland after only a month of fighting.
The blitzkrieg, or "lightning war" - utilized improved tank and airpower
technology to strike a devastating blow against the enemy.
Luftwaffe - The German air force. It bombed airfields, factories, towns, and
cities, and screaming dive bombers fired on troops and civilians as a part of
their blitzkrieg offensive.
France surrendered to the Germans in 1940 - The Germans occupied
northern France and set up a "puppet state" in southern France with its
capital.
The Vichy government - in southern France collaborated with the Nazis
while the French resistance movement was concentrated in the north and in
England.
Charles de Gaule - escaped to England and set up a government in exile
after the German takeover of France. He worked to liberate his homeland of
France through the use of resistance fighters and guerilla tactics.
World War II (1931 - 1955)
Ch.14 Sec 2 Notes # 12
Lend-Lease Act - In March of 1941, Franklin Delano
Roosevelt persuaded Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act,
which allowed him to sell or lend war materials to "any country
whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the
United States."
Pearl Harbor - The Japanese bombed the American fleet at
Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, killing about
2,400 people and destroying valuable battleships and aircrafts.
The next day, President Roosevelt famously told the nation
that December 7 was "a date which will live in infamy."
Concentration camps - or detention centers for civilians
considered enemies of the state, were used by the Nazis during
World War II. Millions of Jews, Poles, Slavs, and others were
sent as slave laborers to concentration camps where many died.
World War II (1931 - 1955)
Ch.14 Sec 2 Notes # 12
Holocaust - While the Nazis killed approximately 12 million
people during the Holocaust, 6 million of them were Jews.
The Final Solution – Hitler’s answer to what he called the
Jewish problem. The construction of death camps built in
Poland designed for the sole purpose of exterminating the
Jews. German engineers designed the most efficient means to
killing millions of men, women, and children.
Genocide – The deliberate mass murder of an entire ethic
population Hitler pursued a vicious program to kill all people
he judged “racially inferior”, especially European Jews
Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 2
1. The enormous power of the German military was revealed in
their "lightning war", or __________ against Poland in 1939.
A) Luftwaffe
B) Vichy
C) Zerstörung
D) blitzkrieg
2. Approximately how many Jews did the Nazis kill during the
Holocaust?
A) 1 million
B) 25 million
C) 6 million
D) 12 million
3. The German air force was called the
A) Luftwaffe.
B) Vichy.
C) Zerstörung.
D) Blitzkrieg.
Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 2
4. When did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
A) June 6, 1944
B) September 2, 1945
C) December 7, 1941
D) September 1, 1939
5. Who led the "free French" after escaping to England, where he
organized the resistance movement aimed at freeing France from
German rule?
A) Winston Churchill
B) Charles de Gaulle
C) Neville Chamberlain
D) Louis Philippe
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79p8
KI-vg_Q&feature=player_detailpage
Video on European Campaign 1939
World War II (1931 - 1955)
Ch.14 Sec 3 Notes # 13
D-Day - June 6, 1944 (D-Day). The Normandy landings,
codenamed Operation Neptune, were the landing operations of
the Allied invasion of Normandy, in Operation Overlord,
during World War II. The landings commenced on D-Day The
Allied forces encounter strong resistance opposition on Omaha
beach.
Prior to the D-Day invasion, the Allies gathered the largest
fleet ever assembled. The Allied fleet consisted of 4,400 ships
and landing crafts, making it the largest fleet ever assembled.
V-E Day – Victory in Europe. By early 1945, Allied forces
were approaching Berlin from several different directions. On
May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered as Allied forces began to
surround Berlin.
World War II (1931 - 1955)
Ch.14 Sec 3-4 Notes # 13
General Douglas MacArthur - led United States Marines in
the summer of 1942 as the United States began a campaign to
gradually move American forces toward the mainland of
Japan?
Island hoping – A policy of by-passing Japanese controlled
islands for more strategic targets and choking off supplies to
those islands which were skipped.
Okinawa - was the location of the most costly and complex
operation in the Pacific campaign. Taking Okinawa was the
most complex and costly operation in the Pacific campaign, as
it involved 500,000 troops and 1,213 warships. The battle cost
U.S. forces approximately 50,000 casualties
Kamikaze pilots - Kamikaze pilots agreed to suicide missions
in which they crashed their explosive-laden airplanes into
American warships.
World War II (1931 - 1955)
Ch.14 Sec 3-4 Notes # 13
Admiral Chester Nimitz - commanded the United States
Navy in 1944, successfully blockading Japanese ports in 1944
as American bombers pounded Japanese cities and industries.
The Yalta Conference - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Winston
Churchill, and Joseph Stalin agreed to the following terms. 1 The Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan within
three months of Germany's surrender. 2 - Churchill and
Roosevelt promised Stalin that the Soviets could take control of
southern Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands, and an occupation
zone in Korea. 3 - They also agreed that Germany would be
temporarily divided into four zones to be governed by
American, French, British, and Soviet forces.
World War II (1931 - 1955)
Ch.14 Sec 3-4 Notes # 13
The Manhattan Project - Allied scientists conducted
research, code-named the Manhattan Project, in a race with
the Germans to harness the atom. In July of 1945, they
successfully tested the first atom bomb at Alamogordo, New
Mexico.
The Bomb – Two different bomb were created “Fat Boy” and
“Thin Man”. The first atomic bomb was dropped on the
Japanese city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Japanese city
was the target of the second atomic bomb, dropped by the
United States on August 9, 1945?
The Japanese surrendered soon after the United States
dropped a second atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki
Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 3-4
1. Who commanded the United States Navy in 1944, successfully
blockading Japanese ports?
A) Admiral Chester Nimitz
B) Admiral Ernest Joseph King
C) Admiral William Halsey, Jr. D) Admiral William Daniel Leahy
2. Kamikaze pilots
A) were sent only on the most dangerous missions.
B) rebelled against Japanese rule, joining the Allies in late 1944.
C) helped the Nazis during their assault on the British islands.
D) crashed their explosive-laden airplanes into American warships.
3. American forces embarked on a campaign known as __________, with the
goal of recapturing some Japanese-held islands which were used as
steppingstones to the next objective.
A) the Pacific theatre
B) island-hopping
C) Operation Free Asia
D) the Tokyo Plan
.
Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 3
4. The Manhattan Project was
A) a plan to save New York City from a potential German invasion.
B) the name for the overall plan used to eventually defeat the Nazis.
C) a project conducted by Allied scientists in an effort to create an atomic bomb.
D) a secret spy ring that provided Allied intelligence useful information about
enemy activities
5. May 8, 1945, the day after Germany surrendered, officially became
known as
A) V-E Day.
B) Memorial Day.
C) V-J Day.
D) Veterans Day
QUICK WRITE:
"The world will note that the first atomic bomb was
dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. That was
because we wished in this first attack to avoid,
insofar as possible, the killing of civilians. But that
attack is only a warning of things to come. If Japan
does not surrender, bombs will have to be dropped
on her war industries and, unfortunately, thousands
of civilian lives will be lost. I urge Japanese civilians
to leave industrial cities immediately, and save
themselves from destruction.“
— President Truman in a radio speech August 9,
1945.
According to the above quotation, why did the
United States choose Hiroshima as the target for
the dropping of the first atomic bomb? What
would you have done?
World War II (1931 - 1955)
Ch.14 Sec 5 Notes # 13
Nuremberg Trials - The Allies put on trial Axis leaders in
Nuremberg, Germany for "crimes against humanity. A total of
177 Germans and Austrians were tried, and 142 were found guilty
of "crimes against humanity"
The Soviet Union - refused to relinquish control over eastern
Germany, leading to a divided nation. West Germany became a
democratic ally of Western Europe while East Germany was ruled
by a socialist dictator under the control of Joseph Stalin.
The Truman Doctrine - stated that the United States promised
to give military and economic support to any and all nations
threatened by communism.
Marshall Plan - the United States spent billions of dollars in an
attempt to help rebuild Western Europe. The United States
feared that without assistance, postwar hunger and poverty
might make Western European fall to communism.
World War II (1931 - 1955)
Ch.14 Sec 5 Notes # 13
Soviet Union – supported communism in Eastern Europe. By
1948, pro-Soviet communist governments were in place
throughout Eastern Europe, contributing to the start of the
Cold War. The soviet Union demanded that U.S. stop assisting
Germany.
The Berlin Airlift – After the Soviet Union Blockaded West
Berlin, the U.S. and Britain began a round-the-clock airlift of
food and fuel to the people of West Berlin. Not wishing war the
Soviet Union lifted the Blockade in 1949.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) - In 1949, the
United States, Canada, and nine other countries formed a new
military alliance called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO). Members pledged to help one another if any one of
them were attacked.
World War II (1931 - 1955)
Ch.14 Sec 5 Notes # 13
The Warsaw Pact - In 1955, the Soviet Union responded to
the creation of NATO by forming its own military alliance, the
Warsaw Pact. It included the Soviet Union and seven satellites
in Eastern Europe.
The Cold War - was a state of tension and hostility between
nations aligned with the United States on one side and the
Soviet Union on the other, without armed conflict between the
major rivals.
United Nations (U.N.) - An international peace keeping
organization. All member nations belong to the general
assembly and 11 representatives serve on the Security Council.
The five permanent members of the UN Security Council are
the United States, Russia, France, Great Britain, and China.
Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 5
1. Where in Germany did the Allies have Axis leaders tried
for "crimes against humanity"?
A) Hamburg
B) Berlin
C) Nuremberg
D) Würzburg
2. The state of tension and hostility between nations aligned
with the United States on one side and the Soviet Union on
the other was known as the
A) Truman Doctrine.
B) Cold War.
C) Marshall Plan.
D) Warsaw Pact.
3. Through the __________, the United States spent billions
helping to help rebuild Western Europe after World War II.
A) Marshall Plan
B) Truman Doctrine
C) Warsaw Pact
D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 5
4. In 1949, the United States, Canada, and nine other
countries formed a new military alliance called the
A) Warsaw Pact.
B) United Nations.
C) Truman Doctrine.
D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
5. In 1955, the Soviet Union created its own military alliance
called the
A) Warsaw Pact.
B) United Nations.
C) Truman Doctrine.
D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Quick Write:
How do you feel when
someone promises you
something and doesn’t follow
through on it? What if they do
the complete opposite of their
promise?
Compare that to the Soviets
refusal to hold free elections
in Poland and to give back
East Germany
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 1 Notes # 15
Superpowers – The united States and the Soviet Union prove
to be nations more powerful than the rest of the world nations.
Mixed Economy - The economies of Western Europe and the
United States can be called mixed economies, where consumers
and producers make economic decisions, yet the government
also plays an economic role.
Communism - the basic ideology of the Soviet Union. The
Soviet Union sought to spread their communist ideology, or
value system and beliefs, around the globe.
Berlin Wall - when unhappy East Germans began to flee into
West Berlin. The East Germans built a wall that sealed off
West Berlin.
Policy of Containment – a policy to keep communism within
it existing boundaries and prevent further aggressive moves.
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 1 Notes # 15
Fidel Castro - transformed his country during the Cuban
Revolution in 1959, leading his guerilla army to victory and
turning Cuba into a totalitarian Communist State
The Bay of Pigs – the United States supported an invasion of
U.S. trained Cuban exiles. The Exiles were quickly captured.
The U.S placed a trade embargo that last today
Missiles in Cuba – In 1962 the Soviet Union sent nuclear
missiles to Cuba which is Latin American island Located just
90 miles off the coast of Florida.
President John f. Kennedy – Responded by imposing a
naval blockade that prevented any further shipments. Kennedy
demanded that the Soviet Union remove the missiles from
Cuba.
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 1 Notes # 15
Nikita Khrushchev – The Leader of the Soviet Union. After
days in which the world faced the risk of a nuclear war.
Khrushchev Finally agreed to remove the nuclear missiles.
Fallout shelters - The nuclear threat led many people in the
U.S. to build fallout shelters underneath their back yards to
deal with fears from during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Détente - a strategy during the 1970’s that caused a
relaxation of tensions, and focused on restraining the Soviet
Union through diplomatic agreements
Strategic Defense Initiative – (SDI) During the 1980s, U.S.
President Ronald Reagan launched a program to build a "Star
Wars" missile defense against nuclear attack. Popularly know
as “Star Wars” SDI purposed to the creation of a massive
satellite shield in space to intercept and destroy incoming
Soviet missiles.
Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 1
1. What step did the East Germans take when unhappy
East Germans began to flee into West Berlin?
A) They began spying on families.
B) They offered West Germans real estate and money
C) They ignored the exodus.
D) They built a massive wall.
2. America's basic policy towards communist countries
was
A)
superpowers.
B) détente.
C)
Ideology
D) containment.
Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 1
3. __________ launched a program to build a "Star Wars"
missile defense system while president.
A) Leonid Brezhnev
B) John F. Kennedy
C) Fidel Castro
D) Ronald Reagan
4. __________ transformed his country during the Cuban
Revolution.
A) Nikita Khruschev
B) Fidel Castro
C) Ronald Reagan
D) Leonid Brezhnev
5. Which term best describes a relaxation of tensions
between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War?
A)
START
B) détente
C)
anti-ballistic missile
D) containment
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 2 Notes # 16
America prospered after World War II - American businesses
expanded into markets around the globe, and foreign trade helped
the United States achieve a long postwar boom. World War II helped
end the Great Depression and redistribute wealth across the United
States. The A new American identity that arose following World War
II regarded Americans as democratic, tolerant, and peaceful
America and the U.N. - The U.N. was chartered in San Francisco
and although the headquarters of the League of Nations had been
symbolically located in neutral Switzerland, the newly formed
United Nations was built in New York City.
Japan – After the war, the Japanese emperor lost all political power
and a new constitution established a parliamentary democracy. With
American assistance postwar WWII Japan successfully produced
goods for export, and its Gross domestic product (GDP) which is the
total value of goods and services produced in a nation within a
particular year increased greatly.
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 2 Notes # 16
Britain Affected - After World War II, the British Empire
faced economic shortages. Britain could no longer afford a large
military presence overseas after the war, and so it abandoned
its colonial empire in the face of demands for independence.
Welfare state - is a country with a market economy, but with
increased government responsibility for the social and
economic needs of its people.
John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson - Under the
leadership of Democratic presidents Kennedy and Johnson,
Congress funded Medicare and other programs that offered
housing to the poor, and with pressures of the American Civil
Rights Movement led Congress to outlaw public segregation,
protected voting rights, and required equal access to public
housing and jobs as a result of the civil rights movement for
African Americans
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 2 Notes # 16
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. - a gifted preacher, helped
organize boycotts, made stirring speeches, and led peaceful
marches during the civil rights movement. He was the leader
of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference working for
racial equality. King followed the peaceful resistance style of
Ghandi and was assassinated in 1968
Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 2
1. Congress began funding Medicare and other social
programs under which two leaders?
A) Ronald Reagan and George Marshall
B) Dwight Eisenhower and Ronald Reagan
C) John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson
D) Martin Luther King, Jr. and John F. Kennedy
2. As postwar Japan successfully produced goods for export,
its __________ soared.
A) recession
B) gross domestic product
C) budget deficit
D) suburbanization
3. Where was the headquarters of the newly formed United
Nations built?
A) the Sunbelt
B) Switzerland
C) New York City
D) Berlin
Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 2
4. The pressures of the American Civil Rights Movement led
to what significant change for African Americans?
A) The government's role in the economy grew.
B) The government greatly increased the national budget deficit.
C) Congress passed laws that began to end years of segregation and
discrimination.
D) Congress made Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. an honorary
member.
5. Which American emerged as the most respected leader of
the civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s?
A) Konrad Adenauer
B) George Marshall
C) Ronald Reagan
D) Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
“Injustice anywhere
is a threat to justice
everywhere.”
- Martin Luther King Jr.
What does this mean?
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 3 Notes # 17
Mao Zedong – Fought a civil war against the Nationalist
Leadership of China. Poor Nationalist economic policies, and
China’s reliance on western nations gave support to the
Communist cause throughout China.
Communist China – Discouraged tradition beliefs systems
and Religion. Mao set up a one party totalitarian government,
and prison labor camps where many of the former middle
class were sent.
Great leap Forward – Mao urged his people to make
superhuman effort to increase farm and industry output.
The great Leap forward failed - because it had cut
incentives to farmer to produce, and Industries were
producing worthless goods of very low quality
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 3 Notes # 17
Cultural Revolution – The goal was to promote revolution in
the youth as first hand. The youth formed bands of Red Guard
who often beat or killed people believed to be bourgeois (middle
Class). Factories and schools closed and the economy slowed.
The army was sent in to restore order.
“The China Card” – A strategic policy followed by the United
States to further divide China and the Soviet Union.
Taiwan – The nationalist party fled to the island of Taiwan
and set up a single party government under martial law.
China and Taiwan – China considers Taiwan a break
province that should be returned. Taiwan ended martial law
and sought independence in the 1980s.
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 3 Notes # 17
Korean War - The Korean War was a war between the
Republic of South Korea (supported by the United Nations and
the United States), and the Democratic People's Republic of
North Korea (supported by China and the Soviet Union). It was
fought between 1950 and 1953 and ended in a stalemate. The
Korean War is sometimes referred to as America’s forgotten
war.
The Korean war - broke out when North Korean leader Kim
Il-sung sent North Korean Troops across the 38th parallel
attacking South Korea. Kim Il-sung was determined to unify
their country in an attempt to take back South Korea by force.
Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 3
1. What movement urged young Chinese to gain similar
experiences to Mao Zedong's own generation, and was
launched in 1966?
A) Cultural Revolution B) Great Leap Forward
C) Pusan Perimeter
D) Playing the China card
2. A strategic policy followed by the United States to
further divide China and the Soviet Union.
A) Cultural Revolution B) Great Leap Forward
C) Pusan Perimeter
D) Playing the China card
3. The Chinese Nationalist Party fled to this island and
set up a single party government under martial law.
A) China
B) Japan
C) Taiwan
D) Sigapore
Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 3
4. __________ was the dictator who ruled North Korea
during the Cold War.
A) Syngman Rhee
B) Mao Zedong
C) Kim Il Sung
D) Jiang Jieshi
5. The Korean war is often referred to as the
A) The War for Democracy
B) Korean Civil War
C) The forgotten War
D) Sung’s War
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 4 Notes # 18
Division of Vietnam - It was feared that the
Communists would win. Although the division of
Vietnam was to be temporary, elections were never held
for reunification largely because the Americans and Ngo
Dinh Diem feared the Communists would win.
Dienbienphu - The unexpected Vietnamese victory at
Dienbienphu against the French who had a mandate in
South Vietnam convinced the French to leave Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh - was a Vietnamese nationalist and
communist who had fought the Japanese during World
War II and then against the French in what is known as
the First Indochina War.
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 4 Notes # 18
Domino theory - the view that a communist victory in South
Vietnam would cause noncommunist governments across
Southeast Asia to fall to communism. American foreign policy
planners developed the domino theory; the view that if South
Vietnam fell to the communists, other governments in the
region would also fall, like a row of dominoes.
The Gulf of Tonkin in 1964 - the South Vietnamese
conducted raids on the North Vietnamese islands in the Gulf of
Tonkin. The following day, North Vietnamese attacked the US
Navy destroyer, the Maddox.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution - It gave U.S. President Lyndon
B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war
by Congress, for the use of "conventional'' military force in
Southeast Asia.
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 4 Notes # 18
Tet Offensive - At this point in the war, the nation was
bitterly divided over Vietnam. An increasing number of
Americans wanted no more "body bags" coming home or
television footage of burned Vietnamese villages
Khmer Rouge - group of communist guerrillas gained ground
following the American invasion of Cambodia during the
Vietnam War, and eventually overthrew the Cambodian
government in 1975.
Boat People - Hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese fled their
country after the war, most in small boats. Many of these "boat
people" drowned
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 4 Notes # 18
Vietnamization - a policy of the Richard Nixon
administration during the Vietnam War to end the U.S.'
involvement in the war and "expand, equip, and train South
Vietnam's forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat
role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S.
combat troops"
Laos and Cambodia - the American withdrawal from
Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos ended up with governments
dominated by Communist. Vietnam gave some possible validity
to the domino theory.
Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 3
1. Which Southeast Asian leader emerged as the leader
of the communists in North Vietnam?
A) Ho Chi Minh
B) Pol Pot
C) Ngo Dinh Diem
D) Khmer Rouge
2. The __________ was the view that a communist victory
in South Vietnam would cause noncommunist
governments across Southeast Asia to fall to
communism.
A) domino theory
B) Pol Pot
C) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
C) Viet Cong
Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 3
3. The North Vietnamese attack on a US Navy
destroyer, the Maddox, mistakenly believed to have
assisted the South Vietnamese raids (and subsequent
claims of a second attack) occurred where?
A) the Gulf of Tonkin
B) Ho Chi Minh City
C) Saigon
C) the Mekong Delta
4.The fall of which countries to communist forces gives
some possible validity to the domino theory?
A) Korea and Japan
B) Laos and Cambodia
C) Japan and Thailand
D) Cambodia and Thailand
5) Following the Vietnam War, how did many
Vietnamese refugees flee their country?
A) by small plane into China
B) by train
C) in boats
C) by tunnels to Cambodia
Vietnam War
History Channel Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=pla
yer_detailpage&v=WkvjixMBOuQ
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 5 Notes # 19
Soviet Union Declines – (1)The command economy becomes
Stagnate and low wages and lack of incentives led to poorquality in production. (2) A large military budget to respond
the over commitment of troops required to discourage
breakaway republics (3) and the expense of nuclear weapons
and the competition with United States all led to the decline.
Afghanistan – Soviets attempted to modernize the Islamic
country and redistribute the land away from the local warlords
Mujahedin – Muslim religious warriors led by warlords and
cleric fought a gorilla warfare against the Soviets ( The Soviet
Vietnam)
Mikhail Gorbachev – The new Soviet leader sought to
reform the USSR. He signed arms treaties with U.S. and
pulled troops out of Afghanistan.
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 5 Notes # 19
Glasnost – Means openness. The soviet society was
encouraged to discuss issues openly without censorship or
fear.
Perestroika – a restructuring of the government and the
economy.
Lech Walesa – The leader of the Solidarity organization in
Poland which surge forward and broke the Soviet control over
Poland as a satellite nation
Solidarity – An independent labor Union. With millions of
members it demanded political as well as economic change.
Vaclav Havel A dissident writer and human rights activist,
was elected president of Czechoslovakia
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Ch.15 Sec 5 Notes # 19
Nicolae Ceausescu – Romania’s longtime dictator refused to
step down. Violent overthrow of his government led to his
execution.
Czechoslovakia – Agreed to split into the two nations
Slovakia and the Czechs Republic
China – introduced economic reform in the 1980’s. However
the communist party leaders made no political change
Vietnam – Has began to open up it’s country and made
economic changes
North Korea – Has remained isolated under a rigid
totalitarian regime with large portions of it’s population
starving
Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 3
1. What term best describes the Muslim religious
warriors who battled the Soviet Union in Afghanistan?
A) Solidarity
B) mujahedin
C) Glasnost
D) incentives
2. The Soviet Union's "Vietnam" was a war fought in
which country?
A) Lithuania
B) Afghanistan
C) Poland
D) Cuba
3. Which Romanian dictator was overthrown and
executed in 1989?
A) Nicolae Ceauosescu
B) Mikhail Gorbachev
C) Vaclav Havel
D) Lech Walesa
Class Quiz Ch.15 Sec 3
4. In 1980, Poles organized __________, an independent
labor union.
A) Solidarity
B) glasnost
C) Perestroika
D) mujahedin
5. What encouraged Gorbachev to bring about reforms
when he came to power?
A) The Soviet Union was close to victory in Afghanistan.
B) The Soviet Union's economy was in bad shape and war
continued in Afghanistan.
C) Gorbachev had met with presidents Vaclav Havel and Lech
Walesa and realized that reforms were needed in Russia.
D) Times were prosperous when Gorbachev took over and the
people were willing to change.
New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present)
Ch.16 Sec 1 Notes # 20
Indian National Congress – An organization that called for
the peaceful protest to end the imperialism of India.
Mohandas Gandhi - A Hindu political leader that used
peaceful protest to demand a stop to Britain’s imperialism of
India
The Muslim League - Worried they would have less say in
the larger Hindu ran government would Muslims formed their
own league led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, which helped to
create an independent Pakistan for British India's Muslims in
1947.
Partition – As violence increased between Hindu and Muslim,
a partition, or division, was created by Britain in which the
Muslim-majority Pakistan and Hindu-majority India both
gained independence from Britain on August 15, 1947.
New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present)
Ch.16 Sec 1 Notes # 20
Jawaharlal Nehru - became the first prime minister of India,
leading the country from 1947–1964
Kashmir – A state in the Himalayas with both Hindu and
Muslim populations. The Hindu leader of the state wanted to
join India but the Muslim population wanted to join Pakistan.
Fighting broke out and the region is still in dispute to this day.
The Golden Temple - is considered to be the holiest shrine to
Sikhs religious group
Bangladesh - The Bengalis of East Pakistan fought for
independence from Pakistan after years of resentment over
perceived neglect by the Pakistani government to their needs,
eventually forming the independent nation of Bangladesh in
1971.
New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present)
Ch.16 Sec 1 Notes # 20
Nonalignment - was the name of the doctrine in which
abiding states declared their political and diplomatic
independence from both Cold War superpowers?
Islamic fundamentalism - The Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan during the 1980's and resentment over U.S.
influence in the Middle East and Pakistan helped to contribute
to a rise in Islamic fundamentalism.
Pakistan Double cross:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=
UpchVKhtU5A
Class Quiz Ch.16 Sec 1
1. Which nation was formerly known as East Pakistan before
gaining its independence in 1971?
A) Bangladesh
B) Kashmir
C) Bhutan
D) Nepal
2. What is the name of the region that borders India and Pakistan
and has been the source of conflict between the two nations?
A) Kashmir
B) Bangladesh
C) Himalayas
D) Nepal
3. A __________, or division, was created in which the Muslimmajority Pakistan and Hindu-majority India gained independence.
A) Dalit
B) partition
C) Blockade
D) secession
Class Quiz Ch.16 Sec 1
4. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan during the 1980's
and resentment over U.S. influence in the Middle East
and Pakistan helped to contribute to
A) Islamic fundamentalism.
B) military buildups throughout the Middle East
C) communism.
D) a rise in poverty.
5. What is the name of the organization led by
Muhammad Ali Jinnah that helped to create the nation
of Pakistan?
A) Congress Party
B) Pan-Indian Party
C) South Asian Leadership
D) Muslim League
Quick Write:
Muslim-majority Pakistan
and Hindu-majority India
both have nuclear weapons
and distrust and do not like
each. Do you think this
could be a situation that
may start WW3?
New Nations Emerge (4/1/1945 – 4/1/2014)
Ch.16 Sec 2 Notes # 21
Lunar Landing – In 1969 Neil Armstrong was the first person
to land on the moon
Gravitational Difference - The Moon and Mars have a
surface gravity much less than Earth normal (which called 1g the g stands for 'gravity'). The lunar surface is at roughly 1/6g
and Mars is a 1/3g planet.
Sub-orbital tourism - The key to space colonization is
transportation from the Earth's surface to the Targeted Planet.
U.S. Colonization – Secret plans for a solar satellite colony
were hid from the former Soviet Leaders. The U.S. secretly had
established a tertiary military Martin Base 20 years ago.
Resistance – All Native species were wiped out when they
resisted American colonization. The military establish bases. If
you are still copying these notes then you are an April’s Fool.
Quick Write:
What was the best April’s
Fool Joke you ever played
on someone? and What
was the best ever played
on you?
New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present)
Ch.16 Sec 2 Notes # 21
Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore – Three former British colonies
on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Borneo gained
independence in the 1950's and joined to form the nation of
Malaysia. The oil-rich monarchy of Brunei, on Borneo, and the
prosperous city-state of Singapore gained independence as
separate nations in 1984 and 1965, respectively.
Sukarno - became the first president of an independent
Indonesia, said, "We are establishing an Indonesian state
which all of us must support. All for all. Not the Christians for
Indonesia, not the Islamic group for Indonesia…but the
Indonesians for Indonesia—all for all!"
President Suharto - seized power of Indonesia in 1966
becoming a dictator that ruled Indonesia for 32 years, from
1966 to 1998. He was finally forced to resign in 1998 following
the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present)
Ch.16 Sec 2 Notes # 21
Discrimination in Indonesian – The Chinese minority
group became the victim of discrimination and vicious attacks
on Chinese and their businesses in the late 1990s in
Indonesian
East Timor - Indonesia seized East Timor, a former
Portuguese colony, from Portugal in 1975. However, the East
Timorese wanted independence leading to a long bloody war
which was fought until East Timor received their independence
in 2002.
An autocratic government - is one that has unlimited
power.
Aung San Suu Kyi - won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995 for
her "nonviolent struggle for democracy and human rights" in
her native Burma?
New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present)
Ch.16 Sec 2 Notes # 21
Philippines - gain independence from the United States in
1946?
Ferdinand Marcos - Ferdinand Marcos, elected president in
1965, abandoned democracy. He became a dictator and
cracked down on basic freedoms. He even had Benigno Aquino,
a popular rival, murdered.
Corazon Aquino - When Marcos finally held elections in
1986, voters elected Corazon Aquino, widow of the slain
Benigno Aquino. Marcos tried to deny the results, but the
people of Manila held demonstrations that forced him to resign
during the "people power" revolution.
Class Quiz Ch.16 Sec 2
1. From which country did the Philippines gain
independence from in 1946?
A) Spain
B) Great Britain
C) Japan
D) the United States
2. What is the name of the Filipino dictator, elected
president in 1965, that abandoned democracy and
cracked down on basic freedoms?
A) Benigno Aquino
B) Ferdinand Marcos
C) Corazon Aquino
D) Joseph Estrada
3. Which Indonesian minority group became the victim
of discrimination and violence in the late 1990s?
A) New Guineans
B) Chinese
C) Thais
D) Malaysians
Class Quiz Ch.16 Sec 2
4. Whose victory in the Filipino presidential election of
1986 helped lead to the resignation of the dictator
Ferdinand Marcos?
A) Corazon Aquino
B) Benigno Aquino
C) Imelda Marcos
D) Joseph Estrada
5. Indonesia seized which former Portuguese colony in
1975, leading to a long bloody war for independence?
A) Macao
B) the Azores
C) Madagascar
D) East Timor
New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present)
Ch.16 Sec 3 Notes # 22
The interior of West Africa, East Africa, and much of central
and southern Africa is made up of grasslands with scattered
trees, areas known as savannas.
The Trouble with Tribalism - a major problem for newly
independent African nations after receiving their freedom from
colonial powers is that many Africans felt their first loyalty
was to their own ethnic group, not to their new national
government.
European Drawn Borders - European colonial powers had
drawn boundaries between their colonies without regard for
the territories of the continent's hundreds of ethnic groups.
Most African nations gained independence as a patchwork of
peoples with diverse languages and religions.
New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present)
Ch.16 Sec 3 Notes # 22
Republic of Biafra - The Ibo people declared the oil-rich
southeastern part of Nigeria as the independent Republic of
Biafra. A three-year war ensued that left hundreds of
thousands dead. In the end, Nigeria's military defeated the
Biafran rebels and ended Biafra's independence.
Jomo Kenyatta - supported nonviolent methods to end
oppressive British laws. Kenyatta was imprisoned in the
1950's, but became the first president of independent Kenya in
1963.
Ghana - The first African nation south of the Sahara to win
freedom was the British colony of Gold Coast
Coup d'état - The forcible overthrow of a government, often by
military leaders.
New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present)
Ch.16 Sec 3 Notes # 22
The Democratic Republic of the Congo - a former Belgian
colony, contains valuable natural resources including diamonds
and the copper of Katanga province.
Mobutu Sese Seko - was the dictator of Zaire. The United
States supported Mobutu Sese Seko, (now known as the
Democratic Republic of the Congo), to counter Soviet support
for the government of neighboring Angola. Mobutu was finally
driven into exile 1997 and the country remains divided.
National Liberation Front - Algerian nationalists set up the
National Liberation Front which turned to guerilla warfare in
1954 in an attempt to win their independence from France.
1992 Algerian - The majority of votes in the 1992 Algerian
elections went to Islamists, who wanted government policies to
be based on the teachings of Islam are The military rejected
Islamic rule and the nation enter civil war.
Class Quiz Ch.16 Sec 3
1. What is the name of the first African nation south of
the Sahara desert to win its freedom?
A) Zimbabwe
B) Ghana
C) South Africa
D) Mozambique
2. The forcible overthrow of a government, often by
military leaders, is known as a
A) coup d'état.
B) demonstration.
C) insurrection.
D) revolution.
3. A rebellion in Nigeria led by the Ibo people resulted
in their unsuccessful attempt to create an independent
nation briefly known as the Republic of
A) Katanga.
B) Biafra.
C) Lagos.
D) Abuja.
Class Quiz Ch.16 Sec 3
4. The interior of West Africa, East Africa, and much of
central and southern Africa is made up of grasslands
with scattered trees, areas known as
A) plateaus.
B) plains.
C) savannas.
D) jungle
5. The majority of votes in the 1992 Algerian elections
went to Islamists, who are
A) supporters of autocratic dictators throughout the Middle
East.
B) persecuted minority groups in many Muslim dominated
countries.
C) democratic allies of the United States.
D) people that want government policies to be based on the
teachings of Islam.
New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present)
Ch.16 Sec 4 Notes # 23
Kurds – are a group of people, the largest ethnic group in the
world without their own nation, they live in a divided area
bordering Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey?
Israel - In 1947, the UN drew up a plan to divide Palestine
into an Arab and a Jewish state. Jews accepted the plan, but
Arabs rejected it. After Britain withdrew from Palestine in
1948, Jews proclaimed the independent state of Israel.
kibbutzim – Are collective farms that produce crops for
export in Israel.
Arab League – on 14 May 1948, the Arab States decided to
intervene on behalf of Palestinian Arabs, marching their forces
into former British Palestine, beginning the main phase of the
1948 Arab-Israeli War.
New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present)
Ch.16 Sec 4 Notes # 23
Arab Israeli war - The overall fighting, leading to around
15,000 casualties, resulted in cease fire and armistice
agreements of 1949, with Israel holding much of the former
Mandate territory. 700,000 Palestinian Arabs were forced
from their homes to U.N. set up camps.
Anwar Sadat - Egypt, led by Anwar Sadat, became the first
Arab nation to make peace with Israel. In 1981, Muslim
fundamentalists assassinated Sadat
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC) - was formed in 1960 by the world's
largest oil producing nations, such as Saudi Arabia, Iran,
Iraq, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in order to
control the price of oil.
New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present)
Ch.16 Sec 4 Notes # 23
Secular government - Some Middle Eastern nations have
adopted Western forms of secular, or nonreligious, government
and law, keeping religion and government separate.
Theocracy – is a government ruled by religious leaders
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini - claimed that the Iranian
monarchy was violating Islamic law and in 1979, overthrew
the government and establish Iran as an Islamic republic.
Saudi Arabia - has the world's largest reserves of oil out of all
the Middle Eastern nations, and it also is home to Islam's
holiest city of Mecca.
hejabs - Traditional Muslim headscarves and loose-fitting,
ankle length garments that women in the Middle Eastern
nations are required in some, such as Saudi Arabia and Iran,
but not in others, such as Turkey and Lebanon
Class Quiz Ch.16 Sec 4
1. Traditional Muslim headscarves and loose-fitting,
ankle length garments known as __________ are
required of women in some Middle Eastern nations, but
not in others.
A) hejabs
B) parkas
C) kibbutzim
D) kippahs
2. Which nation proclaimed their independence in 1948
following the British withdrawal from Palestine?
A) Egypt
B) Israel
C) Jordan
D) Iraq
3. A government ruled by religious leaders is called
A) a theocracy.
B) a secular state.
C) Islamist.
D) a dictatorship.
Class Quiz Ch.16 Sec 4
4. Which group of people, the largest ethnic group in
the world without their own nation, live in a divided
area bordering Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey?
A) Persians
B)Druse
C)Palestinians
D) Kurds
5. Which Arab nation, led by Anwar Sadat, became the
first to make peace with Israel?
A) Egypt
B) Jordan
C) Lebanon
D)Syria
Birth of a Nation: Israel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_de
tailpage&v=vCC3BEwdS0M
Regional Conflicts (1945–Present)
Ch.17 Sec 1 Notes # 24
Chechnya - is a Russian territory. Muslim Chechen
nationalists are currently fighting a brutal war for
independence against Russia. Russian troops won control of the
Chechen capital of Grozny in 2000, and some Chechen rebels
have resorted to committing acts of terrorism against the
Russians.
Religious conflict in Northern - When Ireland became an
independent nation in 1922, the Protestant majority in the
northern counties voted to remain a part of Great Britain.
Catholics in Northern Ireland have demanded reunification
with Ireland, and the two sides have clashed repeatedly over
the years.
Good Friday Agreement - was the name of the peace accord
signed by Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland in
1998?
Regional Conflicts (1945–Present)
Ch.17 Sec 1 Notes # 24
Quebec - In 1995, the majority of Quebec's people voted in a
popular referendum to remain a part of Canada and not to
seek independence.
Yugoslavia Nationalism - The fall of communism led to
nationalist unrest in Yugoslavia.
Yugoslavia - Before 1991, Yugoslavia was a multiethnic
society, or made up of several ethnic groups. Yugoslavia was
made up of six republics, similar to states in the United
States. These were Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Macedonia.
Ethnic cleansing - The practice of killing people from other
ethnic groups or forcibly removing them from their homes to
create ethnically "pure" areas is known as ethnic cleansing.
This was a particular problem in the early 1990's in the former
republics of Yugoslavia.
Regional Conflicts (1945–Present)
Ch.17 Sec 1 Notes # 24
Bosnian Genocide - refers to the killing of more than 8,000
Bosnian Muslim or Bosniak men and boys in 1995 by Bosnian
Serb forces, as well as the mass expulsion of another 25,000 –
30,000 Bosniak civilians, in and around the town of Srebrenica
in Bosnia
Kosovo - A region of Serbia which is 90% Albanian. President
Milosevic began to repress the ethnic Albanians who responded
with guerilla warfare. Serbian military forces began an ethnic
cleansing program against Albanians. U.S. and NATO Air
strikes forced Serbia to withdraw its forces from Kosovo.
Slobodan Milosevic - Serbian president during the 1990s.
He was charged with war crimes including genocide, and
crimes against humanity in connection to the wars in Bosnia,
Croatia and Kosovo which ended without a verdict when he
died in his prison cell in The Hague on March 11 2006
Class Quiz Ch.17 Sec 1
1. Which Russian territory is currently engaged in a brutal war for
independence against the Russian government?
A) Tartarstan
B) Daghestan
C) Northern Ossetia
D) Chechnya
2. What was the name of the peace accord signed by Protestants
and Catholics in Northern Ireland in 1998?
A) Belfast Agreement
B) Protestant and Catholic Reconciliation Agreement
C) Good Friday Agreement
D) Black Sunday Agreement
3. Which Canadian province voted against independence in a 1995
referendum?
A) British Columbia
B) Ontario
C) Quebec
D) Nova Scotia
Class Quiz Ch.17 Sec 1
4. What is the name of the region of Serbia, inhabited
mainly by Albanians, that resulted in their persecution
by the Serbs?
A) Montenegro
B) Bosnia
C) Croatia
D) Kosovo
5. The practice of killing people from other ethnic
groups or forcibly removing them from their homes to
create ethnically "pure" areas is known as
A) Relocation.
B) Ethnic Cleansing.
C) Persecution.
D) Purity.
Quick Write:
Compare Adolf Hitler with
Slobodan Milosevic. Can you
believe that something
Ethnic Cleansing even exist
in the modern world?
Regional Conflicts (1945–Present)
Ch.17 Sec 2 Notes # 25
Sudan - By 2004, ethnic conflict had spread to Sudan's
western region of Darfur. This conflict raised fears of a new
genocide. Arab militias, backed by the government,
unleashed terror on the non-Arab Muslim people of Darfur.
Rwanda – An African country. In 1994, extremist Hutu
officials urged civilians to kill their Tutsi and moderate Hutu
neighbors. Around 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were
slaughtered. Another 3 million of Rwanda's 8 million people
lost their homes to destructive mobs.
Tutsis – An ethnic group that dominated political power in
Rwanda
Hutus – An ethnic group make up the majority in Rwanda
Apartheid - the government sponsored system of racial
separation that existed in South Africa.
Regional Conflicts (1945–Present)
Ch.17 Sec 2 Notes # 25
Sharpeville - In 1960, South African police gunned down 69
men, women, and children during a peaceful demonstration
against apartheid in Sharpeville, a black township.
Archbishop Desmond Tutu - won the Nobel Peace Prize in
1984 for his nonviolent opposition to apartheid
African National Congress - or ANC, was the main
organization that opposed apartheid in South Africa and led
the struggle for majority rule.
F. W. de Klerk - the South African leader that ended
apartheid. Outside pressure and protests finally convinced
South African president F. W. de Klerk to end apartheid. In
1990, he lifted the ban on the African National Congress
(ANC) and freed Nelson Mandela from jail.
Regional Conflicts (1945–Present)
Ch.17 Sec 2 Notes # 25
Nelson Mandela - The first president of the post-apartheid
South Africa. South Africans of every race were allowed to
vote for the first time in 1994. They elected Nelson Mandela
the first president of a truly democratic South Africa.
Class Quiz Ch.17 Sec 2
1. Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 for his
nonviolent opposition to apartheid?
A) Nelson Mandela
B) F. W. de Klerk
C) Mangosuthu Buthelezi D) Archbishop Desmond Tutu
2. In which black township did South African police
officers gun down 69 peaceful protesters against
apartheid?
A) Sharpeville
B) Johannesburg
C) Soweto
D) Pretoria
3. Who became the first president of the post-apartheid
South Africa?
A) Nelson Mandela
B) Desmond Tutu
C) Mangosuthu Buthelezi
D) Steven Biko
Class Quiz Ch.17 Sec 2
4. In which African nation did Arab militias, backed by
the government, unleash terror on the non-Arab
Muslim people of Darfur?
A) Chad
B) Sudan
C) Mali
D) Mauritania
5. Apartheid is
A) a region of the Sudan.
B) the name of a tribe native to Rwanda.
C)the government sponsored system of racial separation
Quick Write:
When Arab militias began to
carry out Genocidal acts against
Muslim people in Darfur, The
Jewish nation of Israel supported
the Muslims sending millions in
aid. Why do you suppose that
Israel would do this considering
the hatred shown by Muslims
towards Jews in the middle east?
Regional Conflicts (1945–Present)
Ch.17 Sec 3 Notes # 26
Occupied territories - Lands seized by Israel during the
1967 war, known as occupied territories, include the Golan
Heights, from Syria, East Jerusalem and the West Bank from
Jordan, and the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt.
Intifadas - Uprisings mounted by Palestinians who are
opposed to Israel in the occupied territories
Insurgents - or terrorists, targeted foreigners and Iraqi
troops after American-led forces defeated Saddam Hussein in
2003.
Oslo Accord - In 1993, Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat and
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin signed the Oslo Accord.
It outlined a plan to give Palestinians in Gaza and the West
Bank limited self-rule.
Regional Conflicts (1945–Present)
Ch.17 Sec 3 Notes # 26
The Palestinian Liberation Organization - (PLO)
recognized Israel's right to exist as a part of the 1993 Oslo
Accord.
Liberation of Kuwait from Iraq in 1990 - Iraq invaded
Kuwait to control its vast oil fields and gain greater access to
the Persian Gulf. President George H.W. Bush formed a
coalition of Western and Middle Eastern nations to drive Iraq
out of Kuwait.
Lebanon into a civil war - In 1975, religious tensions
plunged Lebanon into a civil war. Christian and Muslim
militias, or armed groups of citizen soldiers, battled each
other.
Regional Conflicts (1945–Present)
Ch.17 Sec 3 Notes # 26
the Gaza Strip – Since June 2007 Hamas has governed the
Gaza Strip, after it won a majority of seats in the Palestinian
Parliament elections and then defeated the Fatah political
organization in a series of violent clashes.
Hamas – Is classified as a terrorist organization by Israel, the
United States, Canada, the European Union, Jordan, Egypt
and Japan,
Iraq Iran war - During the 1980's, Iraq and Iran fought a
long, bloody war which began to reflect Cold War rivalries.
Iran was bitterly opposed to the United States. As a result,
Iraq was able to secure U.S. support.
Class Quiz Ch.17 Sec 3
1. Lands seized by Israel during the 1967 war from
neighboring Arab nations are known as
A) Disputed areas.
B) Illegal encampments.
C) Occupied territories. D) Controversial settlements.
2. Uprisings mounted by Palestinians in the occupied
territories were known as
A) intifadas.
B) rebellions.
C) revolts.
D) jihad.
3. Which two religious groups were the main
combatants during the Lebanese civil war?
A) Muslims and Jews
B) Christians and Muslims
C) Jews and Christians D) Sikhs and Hindus
Class Quiz Ch.17 Sec 3
4. Why did the United States and coalition forces
attack Iraqi troops in the 1991 Persian Gulf War?
A) In order to liberate Kuwait from Iraq.
B) To force Saddam Hussein from power.
C) to prevent Saddam Hussein from developing weapons of
mass destruction.
D) Iraq refused to export oil to the United States, Great
Britain, and their allies.
5. Insurgents, or __________, targeted foreigners and
Iraqi troops after American-led forces defeated
Saddam Hussein in 2003.
A) Terrorists
B) Anarchists
C) Patriots
D) Martyrs
The Developing World (1945–Present)
Ch.18 Sec 1 Notes # 27
Development - The process of building a stronger and
more advanced economy and creating higher living
standards is known as development. The nations working
toward development in Africa, Asia, and Latin America
as known collectively as the developing world.
How do Developing nations progress - Because they
are poor, developing nations rely on the wealth of
industrialized nations for investment. For example, a
developing nation with oil deposits might not have
enough money to build its own oil wells and pipelines. So
it might turn to a foreign oil company to build these
things. In return, the foreign oil company would get some
of the income from that oil.
The Developing World (1945–Present)
Ch.18 Sec 1 Notes # 27
Literacy - The ability to read and write is called. Since a
strong economy requires well-trained workers, developing
nations built schools to increase literacy, or the ability to read
and write.
U.N. Fight against Poverty - While the United Nations
spends billions of dollars annually on poverty prevention
measures, it is still difficult to combat entrenched issues such
as rising populations, malnutrition, and the lack of good
schools in many developing nations.
Family Life in Developing Nations - Because many
families in the developing world do not make enough money to
buy what they need, parents must also depend on their
children's wages to survive. For instance, in India today,
around 44 million children work for pay.
The Developing World (1945–Present)
Ch.18 Sec 1 Notes # 27
Fundamentalist religious leaders - preach for a return to
what they see as the fundamental, or basic, values of their
faiths.
Rapid Urbanization - The rapid urbanization that is
occurring in developing nations is being caused by the
existence of rural poverty, the belief that cities offer more
economic opportunities, and the attraction of stores, concerts,
and sports.
Green Revolution - New farming methods introduced in the
1950's, including commercially improved seeds, pesticides, and
mechanical equipment were collectively known as the Green
Revolution.
.
The Developing World (1945–Present)
Ch.18 Sec 1 Notes # 27
Traditional Economies - are farmers or craftspeople who
make or grow only enough to meet local needs, using simple
methods passed down from earlier generations.
Shantytowns – Are overcrowded dangerous slums filled
with flimsy shacks lacking basic services such as running
water, electricity, or sewers
Ch.18 Sec 1Quiz
1. How are developing nations able to progress if they
lack the wealth and infrastructure necessary to build
successful businesses capable of employing large
segments of the population?
A) They rely on the wealth of industrialized nations for
investment.
B) They resign themselves to third world status.
C) They take out loans from banks world-wide.
D) They keep prices low so that the poor can afford to survive
on low wages.
2. The ability to read and write is called
A) literacy.
B) Site Words.
B) phonics.
D) development.
Ch.18 Sec 1Quiz
3. Fundamentalist religious leaders preach
A) intolerance towards people of different faiths.
B) a return to the fundamental, or basic, values of their faiths
C) in favor of global assimilation.
D) Against governments suspected of violating the freedom
4. Which of the following occupations would be
considered a part of a traditional economy?
A) Lawyer
B) Farmer
C) Doctor
D) Factory worker
5. Overcrowded, dangerous slums filled with flimsy
shacks lacking basic services are called
A) ghettoes.
B) demilitarized zones.
C) suburbs.
D) shantytowns.
The Developing World (1945–Present)
Ch.18 Sec 2 Notes # 28
Government subsidies - Many governments kept
food prices artificially low to prevent unrest among
the urban poor. Low prices, however, discouraged
local farmers from growing food crops. Farmers,
instead, planted valuable cash crops, such as coffee
and cotton. governments of developing nations able
to ensure that food remained cheap enough for their
poverty stricken people to afford Governments had to
subsidize part of the cost to Farmers
Desertification - In Sub-Saharan Africa,
overgrazing and farming removed topsoil and sped
up desertification, or a change from fertile land to
desert.
The Developing World (1945–Present)
Ch.18 Sec 2 Notes # 28
Africa Famine - In the late 1900's, long droughts
contributed to famine in parts of Africa. Overgrazing
and farming removed topsoil and sped up
desertification. The loss of so much farmland and
pasture led to famine
Endangered Species - Destroyed habitats have
caused many kinds of animals to become endangered
species, or species threatened with extinction
Eco-tourism - Urbanization, farming, and logging
have devoured nearly 70 percent of Africa's animal
habitats. Eco-tourism provides a steady income to
local guides and tour operators, helping to make
poaching a disincentive.
The Developing World (1945–Present)
Ch.18 Sec 2 Notes # 28
Wangari Maathai - In Kenya, an environmental
activist named Wangari Maathai challenged
government policy by starting the Green Belt
Movement. She worked with local women on projects
of sustainable development. This is economic
development that aims to provide lasting well-being
for future generations rather than short-term gains.
Socialism - A system in which the government
controls parts of the economy is called socialism.
Sustainable Development - Economic development
that aims to provide lasting well-being for future
generations rather than short-term gains is called
sustainable development.
The Developing World (1945–Present)
Ch.18 Sec 2 Notes # 28
AIDS - Since the 1980's, Africa's people have faced the
devastating disease AIDS. In nations such as South Africa
and Botswana, up to one third of adults were infected with
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. In the early 2000's, the UN
estimated that more than 2 million Africans died of the
disease each year.
Ch.18 Sec 2Quiz
1. What is the name of the Kenyan environmental
activist responsible for starting the Green Belt
Movement?
A) Catherine Ndereba
B) Tassin Hangbe
C) Wangari Maathai
D) Jomo Kenyatta
2. A system in which the government controls parts of
the economy is called
A) socialism.
B) communism.
C) totalitarianism.
D) capitalism.
3. Economic development that aims to provide lasting
well-being for future generations rather than shortterm gains is called
A) incremental development.
B) sustainable development.
C) progressive development.
D) far-reaching development.
Ch.18 Sec 2Quiz
4. Overgrazing and farming removed topsoil in SubSaharan Africa, leading to a change in the land from
fertile to desert known as
A) urbanization.
B) desertification.
C) a drought.
D) a famine.
5. How were the governments of developing nations
able to ensure that food remained cheap enough for
their poverty stricken people to afford?
A) Prices remained low through overproduction.
B) Governments had to subsidize part of the cost of importing
food from overseas.
C) Governments depended on aid from international aid
organizations.
The Developing World (1945–Present)
Ch.18 Sec 3 Notes # 29
Tiananmen Square - The huge public plaza at the center of
China's capital, Beijing, is called Tiananmen Square. In May
of 1989, thousands of demonstrators staged a pro-democracy
demonstration there, which was put down brutally by the
Chinese government, resulting in thousands of deaths and
injuries.
Chinese Population Control - In an effort to control their
population growth, China instituted a one-child policy in the
1980's, which limited urban families to a single child. Rural
families were allowed two.
Human rights issues in China - Despite economic reforms,
the Communist Party has continued to jail critics and reject
calls for political reform. Human-rights activists frequently
point to issues like the lack of free speech and the use of
prison labor to produce cheap export goods.
The Developing World (1945–Present)
Ch.18 Sec 3 Notes # 29
Deng Xiaoping - upon becoming leader in 1981 after Mao
Died, Deng set China on a path towards economic reform,
caring more for improving the economy than in political
purity.
Four Modernizations - Deng Xiaoping's program for China,
the Four Modernizations, emphasized agriculture, industry,
science, and defense.
Economic growth in China - spurred on by Deng
Xiaoping's Four Modernizations program, Economic growth
in China helped to cause rapid urbanization, pollution, and
the spread of AIDS
Dalits – India's lowest social class or caste of people is the
most discriminated against group in Indian society.
The Developing World (1945–Present)
Ch.18 Sec 3 Notes # 29
The Indian Economy – India originally adopted elements of
a command, using five-year plans to set economic goals, but
Beginning in the 1980's, India shifted toward more of a freemarket economy after seeing uneven results in their use of a
command economy.
India Social reform - Recent reforms India have brought
improvements for the dalits. However, prejudice and
discrimination still persist.
India's constitution - banned discrimination against people
in the lowest caste, or dalits
Bangalore - The city of Bangalore, India, serves as one of the
main centers for outsourcing of jobs in the world, particularly
in the tech sector. In addition, many Indians in the tech
industry are starting their own businesses with Bangalore as
their headquarters.
Ch.18 Sec 3 Quiz
1. In the 1980's, the Chinese government instituted a
one-child policy which
A) stated that only one child per family would be required to
serve in the military.
B) allowed for free public education for one child per family.
C) made it illegal for any Chinese citizen to have more than
one child.
D) limited urban families to a single child.
2. Rapid urbanization, pollution, and the spread of
AIDS in China can all be attributed to which of the
following?
A) a socialist economy
B) war with Japan
C) corrupt government D) economic growth
Ch.18 Sec 3 Quiz
3. Who, upon becoming leader in 1981, set China on a
path towards economic reform?
A) Mao Zedong
B) Jiang Zemin
C) Deng Xiaoping
D) Chiang Kai-shek
4. Which of the following is a human rights issue that
China has been heavily criticized for?
A) torturing foreign detainees B) No freedom of speech
C) violence Toward minorities D) children inthe military.
5. Indian reforms have been enacted to help __________,
the most discriminated against group in Indian
society.
A) Women
B) Muslims
C) Dalits
D) Sikhs
The World Today (Present)
Ch.19 Sec 2 Notes # 29
Terrorism - The use of violence, especially against civilians,
by groups - sometimes sponsored by governments that protect
and fund them - to achieve political goals is called terrorism.
The ETA - a Basque terrorist group, seeks to compel the
Spanish government to allow the Basque region in the
Pyrenees to secede.
Osama bin Laden - the leader of the terrorist group al
Qaeda, helped the warlords of Afghanistan drive the Soviet
Union out of their country in the 1980's.
The September 11 attacks (9/11) - were a series of four
coordinated terrorist attacks against the world trade center
buildings in New York and launched by the Islamic terrorist
group al-Qaeda. The attacks killed almost 3000 people
The World Today (Present)
Ch.19 Sec 2 Notes # 29
Afghanistan - Osama bin Laden and other al Qaeda leaders
were living in Afghanistan in 2001, leading the United States
to invade that country after the September 11, 2001, attacks.
Taliban - The government of Afghanistan, an Islamic
fundamentalist group called the Taliban, refused to surrender
the terrorists responsible for attacking the United States. The
United States responded by attacking Afghanistan and
removing the Taliban from power.
al Qaeda - The Islamic fundamentalist group led by Osama
bin Laden, was responsible for the September 11, 2001,
terrorist attacks on the United States.
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty - The purpose of the
1968 (NPT) was to ensure that nuclear weapons did not
proliferate, or rapidly spread, to nations that had no nuclear
weapons.
The World Today (Present)
Ch.19 Sec 2 Notes # 29
Department of Homeland Security - The government
created a new Department of Homeland Security, and
instituted more rigorous security measures at airports and
pubic buildings as a result of the terrorist attacks of
September 11, 2001.
Weapons of mass destruction (WMD's) - include nuclear,
biological, and chemical weapons.
North Korea and Iran - are suspected to have bought or
sold nuclear weapons even though they are members of the
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT).
Ch.19 Sec 2 Quiz
1. Terrorism can be best defined as
A) random attacks against innocent civilians.
B) a type of warfare conducted under secrecy.
C) the use of violence, especially against civilians, by groups of
extremists to achieve political goals.
D) the desire to overthrow government leaders through the
use of violence
2. What is the name of the Islamic fundamentalist group
responsible for the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks
on the United States?
A) Islamic Jihad
B) al Qaeda
C) Abu Sayyaf
D) Jemaah Islamiah
Ch.19 Sec 2 Quiz
3. Which country did the United States invade in
response to the September 11, 2001, attacks on the
United States?
A) Iraq
B) Pakistan
C) Saudi Arabia
D) Afghanistan
4. Which group was removed from power by the United
States in 2001 because of their refusal to hand over the
terrorists responsible for attacking the United States?
A) PLO
B) the Taliban
C) the Saudi monarchy
D) Iraqi Baathists
5. Which two nations are suspected to have bought or
sold nuclear weapons
A) Iraq and Iran
B) Afghanistan and Iraq
C) China and Israel
D)North Korea and Iran
9/11 History Channel Documentary
Part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpa
ge&v=M-B6c6xxXug
Part 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpa
ge&v=-kVg9iaDdE0
Part 3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpa
ge&v=a-3ZOEXxdYg
Part 4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpa
ge&v=-eWq_7dnshA