Transcript AJ_Janouskova_24_History of Great Britainx

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Registrační číslo projektu:
CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0948
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Jazyk:
anglický
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Datum vytvoření:
19. 6. 2014
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Cílová skupina:
studenti vyššího gymnázia, 16–18 let
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Druh učebního materiálu:
studijní materiál + pracovní list
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Očekávaný výstup:
student bude znát stručnou historii
Velké Británii a bude schopen
identifikovat obrázky
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Anotace:
materiál slouží jako příprava k základní
úrovni maturitní zkoušky
Great Britain
HISTORY AND STATE SYMBOLS
The Early Times
 The first inhabitants of the British Isles were the
Iberians in about 3000 BC.
 They were followed by
the Celtic tribes who were migrating from Central
Europe since the 2nd century BC.
The Roman conquest of Britain and its
rule: AD 43-410
 Four Roman legions landed in Kent in AD 43.
 The Romans invaded the country and stayed there
until the 5th century when the Anglo-Saxons from
Northern Europe pushed them out.
 Emperor Hadrian orders the construction of a
defensive barrier against the barbarians stretching
seventy-five miles from coast to coast.
 The subdued Celtic tribes in todays England used
Latin and adopted Roman lifestyle.
 The most famous cities are Bath,Colchester or
Cirencester.
Hadrian's wall
Anglo-Saxons and Christianity
 Anglo- Saxons kings became influenced by Celtic
Christianity and the Roman Catholic Church around
600 AD.
 Augustine, the first Archbishop of Canterbury,
took office in 597.
 9th Century - Gradually Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
emerge over almost the whole of England. The
exception is Cornwall, which like Wales remains a
Celtic stronghold.
 The most famous figure is king Alfred the Great.
Norman Conquest
 11the Century - William of
Normandy was attacking the
south coast of England. Harold,
the English king, rushed south,
but was defeated and killed at
the Battle of Hastings in
1066.
 When William the Conqueror
became King of England,
feudalism and the French
language became the dominant
influence.
Middle Ages
 13th century – Magna Carta
 In 1215, King John signed the Magna Carta, which
restricted the power of the ruler and recognized the
rights and privileges of the barons and freemen.
 15th century – Wars of the Roses Two great
English noble houses wanted the crown: the
Lancastrians with their symbol of a red rose and the
Yorkists with their white rose. The last battle of the
War of the Roses in 1485 ended thirty years of civil
war in England.
Church of England
 16th century - The English Reformation began
during the reign of the Tudor dynasty, when Henry
VIII wanted a divorce from his first wife, Catherine
of Aragon. She had not produced a son, only a
daughter, Mary. The Pope said no to this divorce, so
Henry founded the Church of England with himself
as head in 1534, and divorced Catherine.
 He did have a child by his second wife Anne Boleyn,
another girl, Elizabeth, later Queen Elizabeth I.
Her reign was dominated by a great flowering of
national culture and the war with Spain.
Glorious revolution
 17th century –After the Civil War (started in 1640)
between the king’s army and the parliamentary forces led
by Oliver Cromwell, the monarchy was restored in
1660 and Charles II succeeded to the throne.
 Later, when King James II (brother of Charles II) was
suspected of imposing the catholic faith on the
English, the King was deposed and James’ son in-law
William of Orange and his wife Mary became joint
sovereigns after a bloodless invasion from Holland
in 1688.This event is commonly known as the Glorious
Revolution.
The British Empire
 18th century –Britain and France had been bitter
rivals in the race to conquer the world.
 1 May 1707. On this date, the Scots Parliament and
the English Parliament united to form the
Parliament of Great Britain.
 In 1759, British victories in West Africa, the West
Indies, and on the battlefields of Europe, India and
Quebec established the British Empire ‘on which the
sun never set.’
 1801 United Kingdom created.
Industrial Revolution
 19th century - France and Spain still troubled the
British at sea, but their fleet was defeated by
Admiral Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
 Napoleon lost at Waterloo in 1815 and Britain
continued her colonial expansion.
 The Industrial Revolution fuelled the continued
prosperity of Britain.
 The Victorian Era from 1837 (named after the
reign of Queen Victoria), continued this period of
stability and economic growth.
Child labour in mines
Watt steam engine
Queen Victoria
Oliver Twist and his times
20th Century
 After WWII, the country gained its political and
financial stability at home as well as abroad.
 After WWII, many of Britain's colonies gained
independence.
 The UK is a founding member of NATO and since
1973 it has been a member of the European Union.
State symbols
England
Tudor Rose
Wales
Leek
Scotland
Thistle
Northern
Ireland
Shamrock
The End
 Thank you
Citace
Všechny uveřejněné odkazy [cit. 2012-11-01]. Dostupné pod licencí Public Domain na WWW:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom#mediaviewer/File:Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England#mediaviewer/File:Hans_Holbein,_the_Younger,_Around_14971543_-_Portrait_of_Henry_VIII_of_England_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England#mediaviewer/File:Darnley_stage_3.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coaltub.png
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dodger_introduces_Oliver_to_Fagin_by_Cruikshank_(detail).jpg
Všechny uveřejněné odkazy [cit. 2012-11-03]. Dostupné pod licencí Creative Commons , BY na WWW:
Daveahern, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles#mediaviewer/File:Stonehenge_Closeup.jpg
Safforest, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles#mediaviewer/File:Bayeux_Tapestry_WillelmDux.jpg
Jamesflomonosoff, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hadrians_Wall_from_Housesteads1.jpg
Hel-hama, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:England_green_top.svg
Peréz, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maquina_vapor_Watt_ETSIIM.jpg