Transcript Monarchs of Europe

MONARCHS OF EUROPE
France, Russia, Central Europe, English
BACKGROUND
• As the Church Lost Power, the government gained
more.
• That power shifted to the Monarchs
• Divine Right of Kings: Belief that God Chooses
Kings to rule.
• “Princes, thus, act as minister of God, and as His
lieutenants on earth, it is through them that he acts on
His Empire.”
FRANCE
The Monarchs
HENRY IV
• Originally a Huguenot, but
converted to Catholicism
for his Country.
• “Paris is worth a mass!”
• Edict of Nantes – A Order
that guaranteed freedom of
worship and political rights.
• Improved the taxation
systems so that nobles paid
more.
LOUIS VIII
• Son of Henry IV, who was
murdered in 1610.
• 8 years old at the time, so
his mother ruled in his
place.
• Took over in 1617, exiled
mother, killed followers
• but was sickly and
appointed Cardinal
Richelieu to rule in his
place.
CARDINAL RICHELIEU
• Richelieu was a political genius.
• Wanted to make the King
supreme in France and France
supreme in Europe.
• He took power from the nobles
and Huguenots.
• Encouraged trade and industry.
• Believed power given to the
Huguenots by the Edict of
Nantes was dangerous.
• Wanted to centralize power under
the crown.
THE 30 YEARS’ WAR
30 YEARS’ WAR
• War began in Prague 1618 Started
as a Protestant rebellion against
the Holy Roman Empire, they
wanted to weaken the Holy
Roman Empire and its ruling
family the Habsburgs.
• The War took place mostly in
Germany ruining much of the
country.
• Ended with the signing of Treaty
of Westphalia in 1648.
• Which gave independence to the
Netherlands and Switzerland.
LOUIS XIV
• Longest reign in French History
72 Years
• Strong believer in the Absolute
power of the King
• He believed in the “divine right
of kings” I am the State God had
chosen him to rule
• Drained the Treasury by building
Versailles.
• Government lived there, as well
as the nobles.
• Nicknamed the Sun King because
his power reached far and wide
like the rays of the sun.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9mIjAq4F
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VERSAILLES
VERSAILLES- THE GROUNDS
HALL OF MIRRORS
VERSAILLES-THE GRAND
CEILING
LOUIS XIV
“You will assist me with your
counsels when I ask for them. I
request and order you to seal no
orders except by my command. I
order you not to sign anything, not
even a passport without my
command; to render to me
personally each day and to favor no
one.”
According to this quote, what role
did Louis XIV see for his advisers
and ministers?
WARS OF KING LOUIS
XIV
• King Louis The XIV believed military power
was important.
• He increased the size of the military to about
400,000 – The most powerful in Europe.
• Fought 4 wars to expand territory to the
Natural Borders. ( Atlantic Ocean, the
mountains, and the sea)
• Struggle for a balance of power.
• Led to financial strain.
JEAN-BAPTISTE
COLBERT
• Appointed by Louis the XIV to be a financial
advisor.
• He reformed the tax system so the middle class
was not paying the majority of the taxes
• Made France a leading economic power
• Increased the military
• Promoted Colonization in American, Canada, and
Africa.
• Did away with the Edict of Nantes, which led to
200,000 Huguenots fleeing.
WAR OF SPANISH SUCCESSION
• This war was fought over who would become the next king of Spain.
• Philip V Lois’s grandson takes over the throne.
• The other European nations disliked the idea of both France and Spain
being under Bourbon rulers.
• Louis finally ended the war by the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht, which
is an important document for both Europe and America, it gave land in
North America to Great Britain and stated that Spain and France could
never be united.
THE FRENCH EMPIRE
• They had settlements in Quebec, St. Lawrence Valley, and the Great Lake
region.
• French explorer Rene-Robert Cavelier de La Salle sailed down the
Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico claiming the inland region of
North America for France. He named this area Louisiana in honor of King
Louis XIV.
• Other region consisted of Haiti, West Indian islands parts or Asia and
parts of India. After the death of King Louis XIV his successors
weakened the power of the king and nobles took back many of the powers
and the royal authority was in decline.
MONARCHS OF RUSSIA
IVAN THE TERRIBLE
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First to be named Czar of Russia
Absolute Power
Ruthless Leader
Built St. Basils Cathedral
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56f6V7L9B18
&feature=related – part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jO3_q_kQnCE
– Part 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Anx4Lbdt4ic&f
eature=related –part 3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djAHK_JGd_I
&feature=related –Part 4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen
&NR=1&v=LSSG_L8ujb0 –Part 5
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ST. BASILS CATHEDRAL
PETER THE GREAT
• Also could be a ruthless leader
• Visionary for the future of Russia
• Wanted to step away from isolation,
and make Russia more like the rest
of Europe.
• Dressed up as a private citizen to in
an attempt to gain European Allies
• Biggest goal was to get a warm water
port for Russia from the Ottomans
RUSSIA UNDER PETER THE
GREAT
PETER THE GREAT
• Failed to gain a warm water port, but through his travels learn
a lot about western cultures.
• Westernized Russia
• Built St. Petersburg and made it the Capital of Russia, became
the symbol of a Westernized Russia
• Incorporated French Clothing, more rights for women, forced
nobles to shave their beards, and even French language.
• Modernized the army, Balance of Power
PETER THE GREAT
• Absolute control, including with the Orthodox Church
• Reformed the Government
• Service nobility, Noble rank depended on performance in
government.
• Nobles that were high ranking were given more serfs, thus,
increasing serfdom.
• Strong Resentment from the citizens.
CATHERINE THE
GREAT
• Married to Peter III, Peter
the Great grandson.
• Had the nobles kill her
husband so she could be the
sole ruler of Russia.
CATHERINE THE
GREAT
• Supported the Arts, Sciences, Literature and theater.
• But these meant nothing to most Russians because they lived
in extreme poverty.
• Wide gap between rich and poor
• Greatness comes from foreign policy
• Gained a warm water port with the black sea and the region of
Crimea
• Overall gained over 200,000 square miles for Russia, including
colonizing Alaska
MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
THE HOUSE OF
TUDOR
• Beginning in the 1400s, the Tudors became the English Royal
Family
• Increased the power of England, Balance of Power
• Henry VII, the first Tudor Ruler. He stabilized England and
made it prosperous.
• Henry VIII
• Edwards VI, sickly. Only ruled six years.
QUEEN MARY I
• The oldest daughter of Queen
Henry VIII,
• First Reigning Queen of
England
• Devoted Catholic
• Determined to bring England
back to Catholicism
• Married Phillip II of Spain
who helped lead the Counter
Reformation in Spain
• Nicknamed Bloody Mary
MOVIE!
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mjc7oxrE
BwI
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=ends
creen&v=2Zh-151kyfw&NR=1
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&featu
re=endscreen&v=C7yc1eTHJb8
ELIZABETH I
• Becomes queen after Mary
dies.
• Born Protestant,
strengthens Protestantism.
• Never Married, Called the
Virgin Queen
• Closet Relative: Mary Queen
of Scots, a Catholic.
• Killed Mary Queen of Scots
for plotting to overthrow
ELIZABETH I
• Defeated the Spanish Armada, a fleet of 130 ships called the
invincible Armada.
• Spain was no longer a threat, and Elizabeth secured her
protestant rule.
• Believed that religious disunity was harmful to England, so she
punished those who did not follow Anglican Faith
• Puritans, Catholics, and other non-Anglican followers had to
pay fines. (still better than others)
• Freedom of Speech in Parliment
JAMES I
• Queen Elizabeth Dies, doesn’t
have a blood heir
• King James of Scotland
became King of England
• Stuart family, end of the
Tudors
• Smart, but lacked common
sense.
• “Wisest fool in Christendom.”
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JAMES I
• Strong Supporter of the Anglican Church
• Conflict of the Puritans who wanted reform in the Church
• Conceded with w new translation of the bible. The King James
Bible.
• At odd with the Parliament, because there were a lot of
puritans.
• Could never raise enough taxes to pay for his programs
• To try an raise money he sold titles of nobility, granting
monopolies, and raising customs and duties.
• Not liked, Tension against Stuarts explodes under the rule of
his son, Charles I.