Transcript ap27reviewppt

• The harsh conditions imposed by the Treaty of
Versailles after World War I helped lay the
foundation for the
• rise of fascism Germany
• uprisings during the French Revolution
• division of Korea along the 38th parallel
• Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
• The harsh conditions imposed by the Treaty of
Versailles after World War I helped lay the
foundation for the
• rise of fascism Germany
• uprisings during the French Revolution
• division of Korea along the 38th parallel
• Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
• The inter-war years of the 1920s and 1930s
are best described as a period of
• Uncertainty
• Economic prosperity
• Economic depression
• Rampant miliatarism
• Conservatism
• The inter-war years of the 1920s and 1930s
are best described as a period of
• Uncertainty
• Economic prosperity
• Economic depression
• Rampant miliatarism
• Conservatism
• . The Scandinavian response to the Great
depression represented the
• Fascist response
• Capitalist response
• Communist response
• Middle path between capitalist and
communist responses
• Rejection of the Young and the Dawes plans
• . The Scandinavian response to the Great
depression represented the
• Fascist response
• Capitalist response
• Communist response
• Middle path between capitalist and
communist responses
• Rejection of the Young and the Dawes plans
• . Policies adopted by the major European states between 1929 and
1936 to deal with the
economic depression included which
of the following?
•
• Protective tariffs and bilateral international trade agreements
• Deflationary fiscal and monetary policies
• Cooperative international efforts to redevelop old industries
•
• I only
• III only
• I and II only
• II and III only
• I, II, and III
• . Policies adopted by the major European states between 1929 and
1936 to deal with the
economic depression included which
of the following?
•
• Protective tariffs and bilateral international trade agreements
• Deflationary fiscal and monetary policies
• Cooperative international efforts to redevelop old industries
•
• I only
• III only
• I and II only
• II and III only
• I, II, and III
• . Which of the following developments occurred
in Europe in the 1920’s?
• (A) Devastating inflation in Germany
• (B) High prices paid to farmers for agricultural
commodities
• (C) Repudiation of the Locarno treaties
• (D) The widespread formation of Popular Front
governments
• (E) Nearly full employment in Great Britain
• . Which of the following developments occurred
in Europe in the 1920’s?
• (A) Devastating inflation in Germany
• (B) High prices paid to farmers for agricultural
commodities
• (C) Repudiation of the Locarno treaties
• (D) The widespread formation of Popular Front
governments
• (E) Nearly full employment in Great Britain
• Which of the following is the best description of the
condition of Great Britain’s national economy in the 1920’s?
• (A) A renewed prosperity in the traditional manufacturing
industries
• (B) Increased national wealth as a result of mounting
export of British goods
• (C) A stagnant manufacturing sector and a widening gulf
between rich and poor
• (D) Dislocation brought about by a shift from
manufacturing to agriculture
• (E) A resurgent national prosperity caused by increased
working-class wealth
•
• Which of the following is the best description of the
condition of Great Britain’s national economy in the 1920’s?
• (A) A renewed prosperity in the traditional manufacturing
industries
• (B) Increased national wealth as a result of mounting
export of British goods
• (C) A stagnant manufacturing sector and a widening gulf
between rich and poor
• (D) Dislocation brought about by a shift from
manufacturing to agriculture
• (E) A resurgent national prosperity caused by increased
working-class wealth
•
• Britain failed to recover economically after the First
World War for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
• Its merchant fleet had been decimated by German UBoats
• It Commonwealth trading partners had industrialized
considerably during the war
• Other maritime nations had entered the competition
for overseas shipping
• German wartime bombing had devastated its cities
• It Allies defaulted on war loans
• Britain failed to recover economically after the First
World War for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
• Its merchant fleet had been decimated by German UBoats
• It Commonwealth trading partners had industrialized
considerably during the war
• Other maritime nations had entered the competition
for overseas shipping
• German wartime bombing had devastated its cities
• It Allies defaulted on war loans
• Which of the following best describes the effect of the
Great Depression (1929-1939) in Europe?
• (A) It resulted in increased government economic
intervention and control in many nations.
• (B) It strengthened the trend toward popular
democracy in central and eastern Europe.
• (C) It was more severe in France than in Germany.
• (D) It encouraged the development of a global
economy based on free trade and private
enterprise.
• (E) It strengthened the influence of the League of
Nations
• Which of the following best describes the effect of the
Great Depression (1929-1939) in Europe?
• (A) It resulted in increased government economic
intervention and control in many nations.
• (B) It strengthened the trend toward popular
democracy in central and eastern Europe.
• (C) It was more severe in France than in Germany.
• (D) It encouraged the development of a global
economy based on free trade and private
enterprise.
• (E) It strengthened the influence of the League of
Nations
• All of the following were characteristic of the
1920s EXCEPT
• Women in shorter skirts, wearing makeup
• Women in the workforce
• Households in England and Germany with
radios
• More widespread ownership of automobiles
• Movies in the form of entertainment
• All of the following were characteristic of the
1920s EXCEPT
• Women in shorter skirts, wearing makeup
• Women in the workforce
• Households in England and Germany with
radios
• More widespread ownership of automobiles
• Movies in the form of entertainment
• Lenin hoped that the Russian Revolution of 1917
would
• A. inspire the Russians to continue the European
war effort.
• B. incite similar socialist rebellions throughout
Europe.
• C. persuade the combatants in Western Europe
to sign an armistice.
• D. counter the U.S. military presence in Eastern
Europe.
• Lenin hoped that the Russian Revolution of 1917
would
• A. inspire the Russians to continue the European
war effort.
• B. incite similar socialist rebellions throughout
Europe.
• C. persuade the combatants in Western Europe
to sign an armistice.
• D. counter the U.S. military presence in Eastern
Europe.
•
•
•
•
. Lenin's New Economic Policy was designed to
A. end all traces of capitalism.
B. rebuild the Soviet economy.
C. make the Soviet Union into an agricultural
state.
• D. end state-control over agriculture and
industry.
•
•
•
•
. Lenin's New Economic Policy was designed to
A. end all traces of capitalism.
B. rebuild the Soviet economy.
C. make the Soviet Union into an agricultural
state.
• D. end state-control over agriculture and
industry.
• The forces of the White Army failed in 19181921 in part because
• The Allies gave them no aid
• They controlled only the urban centers
• They had the support of the tsar
• They did not have the support of the peasants
• The Russians were tired of conflict
• The forces of the White Army failed in 19181921 in part because
• The Allies gave them no aid
• They controlled only the urban centers
• They had the support of the tsar
• They did not have the support of the peasants
• The Russians were tired of conflict
• Lenin and the Bolsheviks found support among
the Russian peasants primarily because they(the
Bolsheviks)
• Called for the execution of the tsar
• Promised land and peace
• Worked with the Russian Duma, the parliament
• Promoted the mir
• Promised a revision of the legal system
• Lenin and the Bolsheviks found support among
the Russian peasants primarily because they(the
Bolsheviks)
• Called for the execution of the tsar
• Promised land and peace
• Worked with the Russian Duma, the parliament
• Promoted the mir
• Promised a revision of the legal system
• Lenin’s plan to allow small-scale private
enterprise in order to stimulate the Russian
economy was known as
• The five-year plan
• the New Economic Plan
• The Soviet Constitution of 1923
• Socialism in one country
• The collectivization of agriculture
• Lenin’s plan to allow small-scale private
enterprise in order to stimulate the Russian
economy was known as
• The five-year plan
• the New Economic Plan
• The Soviet Constitution of 1923
• Socialism in one country
• The collectivization of agriculture
• Lenin instituted the New Economic Plan (NEP) to
• Win support of the kulaks
• Give Stalin and Trotsky common ground of
agreement
• Increase the supply of food and other products
• Get Russia out of WWI
• E.Reconcile with the Mensheviks
• Lenin instituted the New Economic Plan (NEP) to
• Win support of the kulaks
• Give Stalin and Trotsky common ground of
agreement
• Increase the supply of food and other products
• Get Russia out of WWI
• E.Reconcile with the Mensheviks
• The Stalinist purge trials of the 1930s seemed
designed to
• Eliminate any opposition from the old
Bolsheviks
• Show the West the extent of Stalin’s power
• Discourage opposition to WWII
• Consolidate opposition to Trotsky
• Maintain strict Leninist philosophy
• The Stalinist purge trials of the 1930s seemed
designed to
• Eliminate any opposition from the old
Bolsheviks
• Show the West the extent of Stalin’s power
• Discourage opposition to WWII
• Consolidate opposition to Trotsky
• Maintain strict Leninist philosophy
•
•
•
•
•
•
The main goal of the first Five-Year Plan was to
Unite Russia under communist rule
Eliminate the kulaks
Give women equality
Build up heavy industry
Increase the size of the Soviet army
•
•
•
•
•
•
The main goal of the first Five-Year Plan was to
Unite Russia under communist rule
Eliminate the kulaks
Give women equality
Build up heavy industry
Increase the size of the Soviet army
•
•
•
•
•
•
Peter Stolypin
Guided Russia into WWI
Pushed for peasants to own their own land
Worked through the mir
Encouraged the Russ-Japanese War
Worked to expand railroads
•
•
•
•
•
•
Peter Stolypin
Guided Russia into WWI
Pushed for peasants to own their own land
Worked through the mir
Encouraged the Russ-Japanese War
Worked to expand railroads
• The collectivization of agriculture in the Soviet
Union in the 1930's had all of the following
results EXCEPT:
• (A) an increase in the domestic food supply
• (B) greater mechanization of production
• (C) movement of surplus rural labor to the cities
• (D) destruction of the rural middle class
• (E) an increase in the power of the Communist
Party
• The collectivization of agriculture in the Soviet
Union in the 1930's had all of the following
results EXCEPT:
• (A) an increase in the domestic food supply
• (B) greater mechanization of production
• (C) movement of surplus rural labor to the cities
• (D) destruction of the rural middle class
• (E) an increase in the power of the Communist
Party
• All of the following are valid generalizations about the rise of
Communism in Russia from 1917 to 1939 EXCEPT
• Corruption in the tsar’s government and war reverses brought
Communism to power
• The disunity of both their internal and their foreign enemies
solidified the original successes of the Communists
• Central economic planning and brutal repression industrialized
Russia’s agrarian economy within two decades
• Royal excess of the Romanov family diminished respect for the tsar
and his family
• e. The Soviet system of rule was embraced by all of the people
• All of the following are valid generalizations about the rise of
Communism in Russia from 1917 to 1939 EXCEPT
• Corruption in the tsar’s government and war reverses brought
Communism to power
• The disunity of both their internal and their foreign enemies
solidified the original successes of the Communists
• Central economic planning and brutal repression industrialized
Russia’s agrarian economy within two decades
• Royal excess of the Romanov family diminished respect for the tsar
and his family
• e. The Soviet system of rule was embraced by all of the people
• . Which of the following nations consistently
urged the world community to take up
“collective security” in the 1930s?
• The US
• Britain
• France
• China
• The USSR
• . Which of the following nations consistently
urged the world community to take up
“collective security” in the 1930s?
• The US
• Britain
• France
• China
• The USSR
• Stalin’s “Great Purge” from 1934 to 1939
• A. brought about the death of millions of
people.
• B. expanded Soviet agriculture at the
expense of industry.
• C. eliminated the army’s dominance in state
decisions.
• D. replaced agricultural workers with
technology.
• Stalin’s “Great Purge” from 1934 to 1939
• A. brought about the death of millions of
people.
• B. expanded Soviet agriculture at the
expense of industry.
• C. eliminated the army’s dominance in state
decisions.
• D. replaced agricultural workers with
technology.
• .Under Joseph Stalin, life in the Soviet Union
was characterized by
• an abundance of consumer goods
• political instability and numerous civil wars
• support for small family-run farms
• the use of censorship and the secret police
• .Under Joseph Stalin, life in the Soviet Union
was characterized by
• an abundance of consumer goods
• political instability and numerous civil wars
• support for small family-run farms
• the use of censorship and the secret police
• Stalin’s Five-Year Plans and his decision to
form collectives are examples of
• strategies to modernize the economy of the
Soviet Union through forced communism
• a more friendly foreign policy toward China
• methods of dealing with the United States
during the Cold War
• programs to westernize, educate, and
enlighten the population
• Stalin’s Five-Year Plans and his decision to
form collectives are examples of
• strategies to modernize the economy of the
Soviet Union through forced communism
• a more friendly foreign policy toward China
• methods of dealing with the United States
during the Cold War
• programs to westernize, educate, and
enlighten the population
• A major effect of Josef Stalin’s policy of
Collectivization on Soviet agriculture was
• a widespread food shortage throughout the
nation
• an increase in the export of agricultural
products
• a surplus of agricultural goods
• the immediate creation of many small private
farms
• A major effect of Josef Stalin’s policy of
Collectivization on Soviet agriculture was
• a widespread food shortage throughout the
nation
• an increase in the export of agricultural
products
• a surplus of agricultural goods
• the immediate creation of many small private
farms
• Josef Stalin’s leadership of the Soviet Union
can best be characterized as a period of
• democratic reform and nationalism
• humanism and democracy
• religious freedom and tolerance
• censorship and terror
• Josef Stalin’s leadership of the Soviet Union
can best be characterized as a period of
• democratic reform and nationalism
• humanism and democracy
• religious freedom and tolerance
• censorship and terror
• . How did the Cheka (secret police) help Lenin
gain control of Russia?
• A. they infiltrated the Czar's army.
• B. they organized the redistribution of land.
• C. they used terror tactics against the
enemies of Bolshevism.
• D. they negotiated peace with Germany
• . How did the Cheka (secret police) help Lenin
gain control of Russia?
• A. they infiltrated the Czar's army.
• B. they organized the redistribution of land.
• C. they used terror tactics against the
enemies of Bolshevism.
• D. they negotiated peace with Germany
• . Which of the following programs did Stalin
use to reform Soviet Industry and Agriculture?
• A. Five-Year Plan.
• B. Reign of Terror.
• C. Great Purge.
• D. Holocaust.
• . Which of the following programs did Stalin
use to reform Soviet Industry and Agriculture?
• A. Five-Year Plan.
• B. Reign of Terror.
• C. Great Purge.
• D. Holocaust.
• . Upon V.I. Lenin's death in 1924 at the age of
54, who were the chief contenders for
leadership of the Soviet Union?
• A. Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin.
• B. Karl Marx and Joseph Engles.
• C. Joseph Stalin and Hillary Clinton.
• D. Leon Trotsky and Jimmy Carter.
• . Upon V.I. Lenin's death in 1924 at the age of
54, who were the chief contenders for
leadership of the Soviet Union?
• A. Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin.
• B. Karl Marx and Joseph Engles.
• C. Joseph Stalin and Hillary Clinton.
• D. Leon Trotsky and Jimmy Carter.
• .In the struggle to gain control of the Soviet
Union in the 1920s, Stalin’s chief political rival
was
• Kerensky
• Bukharin
• Romanov
• Trotsky
• .In the struggle to gain control of the Soviet
Union in the 1920s, Stalin’s chief political rival
was
• Kerensky
• Bukharin
• Romanov
• Trotsky
• Which is generally a characteristic of a
communist economy?
• investment is encouraged by the promise of large
profits
• the role of government in the economy is
restricted by law
• government agencies are involved in production
planning
• entrepreneurs sell shares in their companies to
the government
• Which is generally a characteristic of a
communist economy?
• investment is encouraged by the promise of large
profits
• the role of government in the economy is
restricted by law
• government agencies are involved in production
planning
• entrepreneurs sell shares in their companies to
the government
• Which statement best describes the political
situation in the Soviet Union immediately after
Lenin’s death in 1924?
• the nation adopted a constitutional monarchy
• Trotsky and his followers assumed full control of
the Communist Party
• popular elections were held to choose a new
general secretary
• a power struggle developed among Communist
Party leaders
• Which statement best describes the political
situation in the Soviet Union immediately after
Lenin’s death in 1924?
• the nation adopted a constitutional monarchy
• Trotsky and his followers assumed full control of
the Communist Party
• popular elections were held to choose a new
general secretary
• a power struggle developed among Communist
Party leaders
• Censorship, mass arrests, and a secret police
force are most characteristic of
• parliamentary democracies
• republics
• totalitarian regimes
• constitutional monarchies
• Censorship, mass arrests, and a secret police
force are most characteristic of
• parliamentary democracies
• republics
• totalitarian regimes
• constitutional monarchies
• . Stalin supported the rapid industrialization of
Russia in the 1920s and early 1930s by
• Purging the Soviet Communist party of
“deviationists”
• Obtaining loans from the West
• Slaughtering the kulaks
• Collectivising agriculture to support the First FiveYear Plan
• Seeking international recognition of the Soviet
Union
• . Stalin supported the rapid industrialization of
Russia in the 1920s and early 1930s by
• Purging the Soviet Communist party of
“deviationists”
• Obtaining loans from the West
• Slaughtering the kulaks
• Collectivising agriculture to support the First FiveYear Plan
• Seeking international recognition of the Soviet
Union
• Trotsky and Stalin’s interpretations of Marxism differed
most significantly in which way?
• Trotsky wanted to foster world revolution while Stalin
wanted “to build Socialism in one country”
• Stalin wanted to foster revolution in Western Europe
while Trotsky wanted to develop the Soviet Union first
• Stalin was a Bolshevik; Trotsky was a Menshevik
• Trotsky was a deviationist; Stalin followed the party
line
• Stalin believed that Russia was too backward to
support Communism; Trotsky believed the opposite
• Trotsky and Stalin’s interpretations of Marxism differed
most significantly in which way?
• Trotsky wanted to foster world revolution while Stalin
wanted “to build Socialism in one country”
• Stalin wanted to foster revolution in Western Europe
while Trotsky wanted to develop the Soviet Union first
• Stalin was a Bolshevik; Trotsky was a Menshevik
• Trotsky was a deviationist; Stalin followed the party
line
• Stalin believed that Russia was too backward to
support Communism; Trotsky believed the opposite
• The original purpose of Comintern (Communist
International) , a congress of socialist parties in
1919, was to
• Combat Fascism and Nazism
• Foster democratic socialism
• Establish Moscow’s leadership in fomenting
Marxist revolution around the world
• Improve relations with the capitalist West
• Encourage socialists to join in coalition
governments with other parties in the West
• The original purpose of Comintern (Communist
International) , a congress of socialist parties in
1919, was to
• Combat Fascism and Nazism
• Foster democratic socialism
• Establish Moscow’s leadership in fomenting
Marxist revolution around the world
• Improve relations with the capitalist West
• Encourage socialists to join in coalition
governments with other parties in the West
• Unlike Marx, Lenin emphasized that
• (A) revolution is not necessary for the triumph of
communism
• (B) the peasantry rather than the proletariat would
lead the communist revolution
• (C) the elimination of private control of the means of
production is necessary to bring about a socialist
society
• (D) the working class, on its own, would not develop
revolutionary consciousness
• (E) communist cooperation with liberal political
parties is necessary to bring about socialism
• Unlike Marx, Lenin emphasized that
• (A) revolution is not necessary for the triumph of
communism
• (B) the peasantry rather than the proletariat would
lead the communist revolution
• (C) the elimination of private control of the means of
production is necessary to bring about a socialist
society
• (D) the working class, on its own, would not develop
revolutionary consciousness
• (E) communist cooperation with liberal political
parties is necessary to bring about socialism
• . In 1917 the Bolsheviks sought to rally
support from the Russian people with which
of the following slogans?
• (A) “Peace, land, bread”
• (B) “Socialism in one country”
• (C) “Blood and iron”
• (D) “Family, work, fatherland”
• (E) “Liberty, equality, fraternity”
• . In 1917 the Bolsheviks sought to rally
support from the Russian people with which
of the following slogans?
• (A) “Peace, land, bread”
• (B) “Socialism in one country”
• (C) “Blood and iron”
• (D) “Family, work, fatherland”
• (E) “Liberty, equality, fraternity”
• . All of the following describe aspects of Lenin’s New
Economic Policy (NEP) EXCEPT:
• (A) State ownership of heavy industry, banks, and
transport ended
• (B) The growth of a group of prosperous, independent
peasants was encouraged
• (C) There was a tactical retreat in communist
economic planning
• (D) Industries employing fewer than twenty workers
were denationalized
• (E) All agricultural requisitions ended and were
replaced by conventional taxes
• . All of the following describe aspects of Lenin’s New
Economic Policy (NEP) EXCEPT:
• (A) State ownership of heavy industry, banks, and
transport ended
• (B) The growth of a group of prosperous, independent
peasants was encouraged
• (C) There was a tactical retreat in communist
economic planning
• (D) Industries employing fewer than twenty workers
were denationalized
• (E) All agricultural requisitions ended and were
replaced by conventional taxes
•
•
•
•
•
•
. The Cheka was a name of the Russian
Ministry
Secret police
Army
Assembly
Bolshevik opposition party
•
•
•
•
•
•
. The Cheka was a name of the Russian
Ministry
Secret police
Army
Assembly
Bolshevik opposition party
• Which of the following is the best definition of
an early 19th century soviet
• A revolutionary organization in tsarist Russia
• A council of workers and soldiers
• A Russian tsar
• A Russian university
• An impoverished Russian peasant
• Which of the following is the best definition of
an early 19th century soviet
• A revolutionary organization in tsarist Russia
• A council of workers and soldiers
• A Russian tsar
• A Russian university
• An impoverished Russian peasant
• . Which of the following best explains the motivation of the
Bolshevik government in signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with
Germany in March 1918?
• (A) The Bolshevik government made no claim to authority in nonRussian-speaking territories.
• (B) Lenin was sympathetic to the German cause and felt that the
treaty would aid the German
war effort on the western
front.
• (C) Lenin was attracted by German promises to aid Russian
industrial development.
• (D) Lenin was not willing to risk his limited power base through
further struggle against a
foreign enemy.
• (E) The Bolsheviks thought that the treaty could be discarded soon
because the Germans would lose the war in a few months
• . Which of the following best explains the motivation of the
Bolshevik government in signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with
Germany in March 1918?
• (A) The Bolshevik government made no claim to authority in nonRussian-speaking territories.
• (B) Lenin was sympathetic to the German cause and felt that the
treaty would aid the German
war effort on the western
front.
• (C) Lenin was attracted by German promises to aid Russian
industrial development.
• (D) Lenin was not willing to risk his limited power base through
further struggle against a
foreign enemy.
• (E) The Bolsheviks thought that the treaty could be discarded soon
because the Germans would lose the war in a few months
• . Which of the following was a major factor responsible for
the Bolshevik victory in the
Russian Civil War (19181921) ?
• (A) The Bolsheviks controlled the periphery of the country
• (B) The governments of France and Great Britain supported
the Bolshevik cause with food and war supplies
• (C) Trotsky created a disciplined and effective Red Army
• (D) The Bolsheviks had the undivided support of the
peasants
• (E) The Bolsheviks refused to use the Cheka to subdue the
opposition
• . Which of the following was a major factor responsible for
the Bolshevik victory in the
Russian Civil War (19181921) ?
• (A) The Bolsheviks controlled the periphery of the country
• (B) The governments of France and Great Britain supported
the Bolshevik cause with food and war supplies
• (C) Trotsky created a disciplined and effective Red Army
• (D) The Bolsheviks had the undivided support of the
peasants
• (E) The Bolsheviks refused to use the Cheka to subdue the
opposition
• . The Provisional Government in Russia (1917)
failed primarily because:
• (A) it did not institute universal suffrage
• (B) it continued to pursue an unpopular war
• (C) it lost the support of the nobility by
redistributing land to the peasants
• (D) its leaders insisted on "peace at any price"
with Germany
• (E) its leaders attempted to reinstate the tsar
• . The Provisional Government in Russia (1917)
failed primarily because:
• (A) it did not institute universal suffrage
• (B) it continued to pursue an unpopular war
• (C) it lost the support of the nobility by
redistributing land to the peasants
• (D) its leaders insisted on "peace at any price"
with Germany
• (E) its leaders attempted to reinstate the tsar
• . Lenin and the Bolsheviks found support among
the Russian peasants primarily because they(the
Bolsheviks)
• Called for the execution of the tsar
• Promised land and peace
• Worked with the Russian Duma, the parliament
• Promoted the mir
• Promised a revision of the legal system
• . Lenin and the Bolsheviks found support among
the Russian peasants primarily because they(the
Bolsheviks)
• Called for the execution of the tsar
• Promised land and peace
• Worked with the Russian Duma, the parliament
• Promoted the mir
• Promised a revision of the legal system
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Bolshevik faction was led by
Lenin
Marx
Kautsky
Bernstein
Liebknecht
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Bolshevik faction was led by
Lenin
Marx
Kautsky
Bernstein
Liebknecht
• . The slogan “Peace, Land, Bread, is most
closely associated with
• The Duma liberals
• Alexander Kerensky’s moderates
• Prince Lvov’s coalition government
• Lenin’s Bolsheviks
• Tsar Nicholas’s cabinet
• . The slogan “Peace, Land, Bread, is most
closely associated with
• The Duma liberals
• Alexander Kerensky’s moderates
• Prince Lvov’s coalition government
• Lenin’s Bolsheviks
• Tsar Nicholas’s cabinet
• . During the Russian Civil War, 1918-21, all of
the following opposed Bolshevik rule EXCEPT
• Tsarists
• The middle class
• Peasants
• Urban workers
• The Alliied Power of WWI
• . During the Russian Civil War, 1918-21, all of
the following opposed Bolshevik rule EXCEPT
• Tsarists
• The middle class
• Peasants
• Urban workers
• The Alliied Power of WWI
• . In 1922, after the Civil War had ended, Lenin
undertook his “nationalities reform”. It
accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
• Uniting the major ethnic groups into a federation
• Giving smaller ethnic groups autonomous
regions withing the major republiics
• Allowing schools to teach native languages
• Encouraging cultural uniqueness
• Requiring that instruction in schools be
exclusively taught in Russian
• . In 1922, after the Civil War had ended, Lenin
undertook his “nationalities reform”. It
accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
• Uniting the major ethnic groups into a federation
• Giving smaller ethnic groups autonomous
regions withing the major republiics
• Allowing schools to teach native languages
• Encouraging cultural uniqueness
• Requiring that instruction in schools be
exclusively taught in Russian
•
•
•
•
•
•
. After the Lateran Agreement of 1929, Mussolini
Launched a campaign of antipapal propaganda
Recognized the Vatican as an independent state
Removed religious instruction form the schools
Palced taes on the Italian clergy
Fostered pagan religious tendencies
•
•
•
•
•
•
. After the Lateran Agreement of 1929, Mussolini
Launched a campaign of antipapal propaganda
Recognized the Vatican as an independent state
Removed religious instruction form the schools
Palced taes on the Italian clergy
Fostered pagan religious tendencies
• . After the 1937 Italian invasion of Ethiopia,
the League of Nations
• Showed a sympathetic attitude toward Italy
• Ineffectively tried to apply sanctions
• Referred the dispute to the World Court
• Refused to take any action
• Expelled Italy from the League
• . After the 1937 Italian invasion of Ethiopia,
the League of Nations
• Showed a sympathetic attitude toward Italy
• Ineffectively tried to apply sanctions
• Referred the dispute to the World Court
• Refused to take any action
• Expelled Italy from the League
• Which of the following characterized Mussolini’s ideal of the fascist
corporate state?
•
• I. Organization of the population into syndicates of employers,
employees, and government arbitrators
• II. Establishment of semiautonomous regional governments
• III. Abolition of strikes, lockouts, and the older trade unions
• (A) I only
• (B) II only
• (C) I and II only
• (D) I and III only
• (E) I, II, and III
• Which of the following characterized Mussolini’s ideal of the fascist
corporate state?
•
• I. Organization of the population into syndicates of employers,
employees, and government arbitrators
• II. Establishment of semiautonomous regional governments
• III. Abolition of strikes, lockouts, and the older trade unions
• (A) I only
• (B) II only
• (C) I and II only
• (D) I and III only
• (E) I, II, and III
• The ideology of Italian fascism was based on
• (A) a socialist government founded on military
conquest
• (B) a radical democracy with a socialist economy
• (C) limited democracy and a capitalist economy
• (D) nationalism and a communist economy
• (E) an authoritarian state and a corporate
economy
• The ideology of Italian fascism was based on
• (A) a socialist government founded on military
conquest
• (B) a radical democracy with a socialist economy
• (C) limited democracy and a capitalist economy
• (D) nationalism and a communist economy
• (E) an authoritarian state and a corporate
economy
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
“The Italian Nation is an organism endowed with a purpose and a life transcending those of the
individuals composing it.”
“Labor unions legally recognized and subject to State control alone have the right to represent
the whole category for which they are constituted.”
“The collective labor contract conciliates the opposing interests of employers of workers,
subordinating them to the higher interests of production.”
Mussolini's Charter of Labor, 1927
Which of the following is best supported by the excerpts above?
(A) Wages and working conditions were ultimately to be determined by collective bargaining
between labor and management.
(B) Italian business firms and factories belonged to the state.
(C) Any group could organize a union and negotiate binding contracts with management.
(D) The state's highest priorities were the individual liberty and economic freedom of its citizens.
(E) Any agreement was subject to the state's
interpretation of the national interest.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
“The Italian Nation is an organism endowed with a purpose and a life transcending those of the
individuals composing it.”
“Labor unions legally recognized and subject to State control alone have the right to represent
the whole category for which they are constituted.”
“The collective labor contract conciliates the opposing interests of employers of workers,
subordinating them to the higher interests of production.”
Mussolini's Charter of Labor, 1927
Which of the following is best supported by the excerpts above?
(A) Wages and working conditions were ultimately to be determined by collective bargaining
between labor and management.
(B) Italian business firms and factories belonged to the state.
(C) Any group could organize a union and negotiate binding contracts with management.
(D) The state's highest priorities were the individual liberty and economic freedom of its citizens.
(E) Any agreement was subject to the state's
interpretation of the national interest.
• The symbol above advocates
the union in political action of
which of the following classes
or groups in Italian
society?
• (A) Intellectuals, priests, and
industrialists
• (B) Workers, peasants, and
intellectuals
• (C) Students and civil servants
• (D) Workers and priests
• (E) Industrialists and
intellectuals
• The symbol above advocates
the union in political action of
which of the following classes
or groups in Italian
society?
• (A) Intellectuals, priests, and
industrialists
• (B) Workers, peasants, and
intellectuals
• (C) Students and civil servants
• (D) Workers and priests
• (E) Industrialists and
intellectuals
• In 1924 Ramsey MacDonald became the first
British Prime Minister who was
• Who was Catholic
• Who was from Scotland
• From the Labour Party
• Who had served in the First World War
• Who received a salary
• In 1924 Ramsey MacDonald became the first
British Prime Minister who was
• Who was Catholic
• Who was from Scotland
• From the Labour Party
• Who had served in the First World War
• Who received a salary
• . The Irish Easter Rebellion of 1916 witnessed an
attempt to
• Create an independent Irish republic
• Force the British out of Northern Ireland
• Recognize Catholic rights in Northern Ireland
• Provide dominion status for the southern
counties
• Force the British to step back from their plans to
partition Ireland
• . The Irish Easter Rebellion of 1916 witnessed an
attempt to
• Create an independent Irish republic
• Force the British out of Northern Ireland
• Recognize Catholic rights in Northern Ireland
• Provide dominion status for the southern
counties
• Force the British to step back from their plans to
partition Ireland
• . Which idea was included in the provisions of the
Treaty of Versailles to show the intent of the
Allies to punish the Central Powers for their role
in World War II?
• all nations shall maintain open covenants of
peace
• freedom of the seas will be maintained
• Germany will accept full responsibility for causing
the war
• territorial settlements shall be made along clearly
recognizable lines of nationality
• . Which idea was included in the provisions of the
Treaty of Versailles to show the intent of the
Allies to punish the Central Powers for their role
in World War II?
• all nations shall maintain open covenants of
peace
• freedom of the seas will be maintained
• Germany will accept full responsibility for causing
the war
• territorial settlements shall be made along clearly
recognizable lines of nationality
• Which of the following was NOT an element of
fascism?
• A fanatical obedience to a charismatic leader
• An egalitarianism that extended to class and
gender
• A professed belief in the virtues of struggle and
youth
• An intense form of nationalism
• e.An expressed hatred of socialism and liberalism
• Which of the following was NOT an element of
fascism?
• A fanatical obedience to a charismatic leader
• An egalitarianism that extended to class and
gender
• A professed belief in the virtues of struggle and
youth
• An intense form of nationalism
• e.An expressed hatred of socialism and liberalism
•
•
•
•
•
. Fascism emphasizes which of the following:
A. Isolationism.
B. Nationalism.
C. Individual rights.
D. A classless society.
•
•
•
•
•
. Fascism emphasizes which of the following:
A. Isolationism.
B. Nationalism.
C. Individual rights.
D. A classless society.
• The Ruhr Basin crisis began with the
• German printing of paper money
• German claim of inability to make reparations
payments
• Strike by German workers
• Occupation by Belgian and French troops
• Ruinous inflation in Germany
• The Ruhr Basin crisis began with the
• German printing of paper money
• German claim of inability to make reparations
payments
• Strike by German workers
• Occupation by Belgian and French troops
• Ruinous inflation in Germany
• What was the name of the republican
government set up in Germany immediately
after World War I?
• A. Weimar Republic.
• B. Nazi Germany.
• C. Comintern.
•
D. West Germany
• What was the name of the republican
government set up in Germany immediately
after World War I?
• A. Weimar Republic.
• B. Nazi Germany.
• C. Comintern.
•
D. West Germany
• Hitler’s beer hall putch in Munich in 1923 was
geared to
• Create publicity for his book Mein Kampf
• Foil a communist plot
• Take over a government as Mussolini had in Italy
• Keep the government from reining in his
renegade practices
• Get attention for his National Socialist Party
• Hitler’s beer hall putch in Munich in 1923 was
geared to
• Create publicity for his book Mein Kampf
• Foil a communist plot
• Take over a government as Mussolini had in Italy
• Keep the government from reining in his
renegade practices
• Get attention for his National Socialist Party
• The Bauhaus school of design in Weimar,
Germany, closed in the mid-1930s because
• of the Great Depression
• people were no longer interested in
functionalism
• its design ceased to sell
• its main designers were lured to America
• Hitler and the Nazis saw it as degenerate
• The Bauhaus school of design in Weimar,
Germany, closed in the mid-1930s because
• of the Great Depression
• people were no longer interested in
functionalism
• its design ceased to sell
• its main designers were lured to America
• Hitler and the Nazis saw it as degenerate
•
•
•
•
•
•
. The main concern of Baushaus design was
Beauty of line
Use of ornamentation
Implementation of the unusual
Bold, bright, color
Functionalism
•
•
•
•
•
•
. The main concern of Baushaus design was
Beauty of line
Use of ornamentation
Implementation of the unusual
Bold, bright, color
Functionalism
• In 1925, Germany’s democratic Weimar
government signed the Locarno Pacts which
• Set a ten year moratorium on naval construction
• Guaranteed the territorial integrity of the Chinese
Republic
• Outlawed war
• Recognized the French-Belgium-German
boundaries set at Versailles
• Allied Germany with Fascist Italy
• In 1925, Germany’s democratic Weimar
government signed the Locarno Pacts which
• Set a ten year moratorium on naval construction
• Guaranteed the territorial integrity of the Chinese
Republic
• Outlawed war
• Recognized the French-Belgium-German
boundaries set at Versailles
• Allied Germany with Fascist Italy
• In January of 1933, Adolf Hitler assumed the post
of Reichchancellor
• By means of the Beer Hall Putsch
• By seizing control of the government
• After his party received a plurality of votes in the
democratic elections
• After he overthrew the Weimar Republic
• By staging a coup against Paul Hindenburg,
president of the republic
• In January of 1933, Adolf Hitler assumed the post
of Reichchancellor
• By means of the Beer Hall Putsch
• By seizing control of the government
• After his party received a plurality of votes in the
democratic elections
• After he overthrew the Weimar Republic
• By staging a coup against Paul Hindenburg,
president of the republic
• The Weimar Republic(1919-1933), despite a valiant attempt to
introduce democracy to Germany, failed to gain support of the
German people mainly because
• The Nazis maintained a wide following throughout the 1920s and
1930s
• Von Hindenburg’s presidency was marred by his personal
corruption
• Monarchists, supporters of the abdicated Kaiser, and militarists,
humiliated by defeat in World War I, opposed it from the start
• The government was unable to stabilize the economy or maintain
law and order
• A conspiracy of Jewish-capitalist-Communist bankers weakened the
government
• The Weimar Republic(1919-1933), despite a valiant attempt to
introduce democracy to Germany, failed to gain support of the
German people mainly because
• The Nazis maintained a wide following throughout the 1920s and
1930s
• Von Hindenburg’s presidency was marred by his personal
corruption
• Monarchists, supporters of the abdicated Kaiser, and militarists,
humiliated by defeat in World War I, opposed it from the start
• The government was unable to stabilize the economy or maintain
law and order
• A conspiracy of Jewish-capitalist-Communist bankers weakened the
government
• .The Popular Front government in France in
1936 was an attempt to
• Reconcile with the British
• Appease the Germans
• Unite the parties of the left against fascism
• Create a coalition government bringing in
parties from across the political system
• Unite the parties of the right against socialism
• .The Popular Front government in France in
1936 was an attempt to
• Reconcile with the British
• Appease the Germans
• Unite the parties of the left against fascism
• Create a coalition government bringing in
parties from across the political system
• Unite the parties of the right against socialism
• Both, the Italian Fascists and the German Nazis
gained power partly because they
• A. had the support of an electoral majority of
their nations’ peoples.
• B. carefully followed accepted democratic
political practices.
• C. used terror tactics against political
opponents.
• D. represented the ideas of compromise and
prudent government.
• Both, the Italian Fascists and the German Nazis
gained power partly because they
• A. had the support of an electoral majority of
their nations’ peoples.
• B. carefully followed accepted democratic
political practices.
• C. used terror tactics against political
opponents.
• D. represented the ideas of compromise and
prudent government.
• . One way fascist leaders in the 1920s and
1930s gained popular support was by
• A promising to maintain peace with other
countries. B attracting foreign investment for
industrial development. C limiting military
influence in the government. D appealing to
national pride.
• . One way fascist leaders in the 1920s and
1930s gained popular support was by
• A promising to maintain peace with other
countries. B attracting foreign investment for
industrial development. C limiting military
influence in the government. D appealing to
national pride.
• Why did Hitler sign a non-aggression treaty with
Stalin on the eve of World War II?
• A to prevent the League of Nations from acting to
stop the war
• B to show that Hitler had changed his views on
communism
• C to allow Germany to invade Poland without
Soviet opposition
• D to insure that Germany had direct access to the
Baltic Sea
• Why did Hitler sign a non-aggression treaty with
Stalin on the eve of World War II?
• A to prevent the League of Nations from acting to
stop the war
• B to show that Hitler had changed his views on
communism
• C to allow Germany to invade Poland without
Soviet opposition
• D to insure that Germany had direct access to the
Baltic Sea
• . In the interwar years, the reconstituted nations
of East-Central Europe, Hungary Poland, and
Yugoslavia
• Flourished economically
• Became satellite states of the Soviet Union
• Ceased to exist
• Came to be rule by right-wing, authoritarian
regimes
• Were ruled by liberal-democratic parliaments
• . In the interwar years, the reconstituted nations
of East-Central Europe, Hungary Poland, and
Yugoslavia
• Flourished economically
• Became satellite states of the Soviet Union
• Ceased to exist
• Came to be rule by right-wing, authoritarian
regimes
• Were ruled by liberal-democratic parliaments
• . In 1938, Czechoslavakia
• a differed from its neighbors in Eastern Europe
in that it had
• Become communist
• A fascist dictator
• A line of defense on all sides of its borders
• Retained democracy
• An ethnically mixed population
• . In 1938, Czechoslavakia
• a differed from its neighbors in Eastern Europe
in that it had
• Become communist
• A fascist dictator
• A line of defense on all sides of its borders
• Retained democracy
• An ethnically mixed population
• . A major difference between Mussolini and Hitler
was that Mussolini
• Does not dress in military uniform
• Did not personally hate Jews
• Had not been in WWI
• Was nto involved in aiding other fascist
movements
• Dod not court the financial powers of the country
• . A major difference between Mussolini and Hitler
was that Mussolini
• Does not dress in military uniform
• Did not personally hate Jews
• Had not been in WWI
• Was nto involved in aiding other fascist
movements
• Dod not court the financial powers of the country
• The factor that cemented the friendship between
Hitler and Mussolini was
• Mussolini’s visit to Germany in 1937
• Hitler’s seizure of Austria, making his empire
border Italy
• Collaboration with Franco in the Spanish Civil War
• Membership in the League of Nations
• A mutual animosity toward France and Russia
• The factor that cemented the friendship between
Hitler and Mussolini was
• Mussolini’s visit to Germany in 1937
• Hitler’s seizure of Austria, making his empire
border Italy
• Collaboration with Franco in the Spanish Civil War
• Membership in the League of Nations
• A mutual animosity toward France and Russia
• . Which of the following describes the fascist
concept of women’s place in society?
• Women should take the place of soldiers in the
workforce
• Women deserve equal pay for equal work
• Women can stay at home, support their
husbands, and produce large families
• Women can work as secretaries or teachers of
small children
• Women deserve the right to vote
• . Which of the following describes the fascist
concept of women’s place in society?
• Women should take the place of soldiers in the
workforce
• Women deserve equal pay for equal work
• Women can stay at home, support their
husbands, and produce large families
• Women can work as secretaries or teachers of
small children
• Women deserve the right to vote
• The Treaty of Rapallo came about because
• Russia had not participated in the Treaty of
Versailles
• Germany was willing to forgive tsarist debt
• Russia was willing to forgive future reparations
payments
• Germany should stay militarily alert by training
Soviets
• e. none of the above
• The Treaty of Rapallo came about because
• Russia had not participated in the Treaty of
Versailles
• Germany was willing to forgive tsarist debt
• Russia was willing to forgive future reparations
payments
• Germany should stay militarily alert by training
Soviets
• e. none of the above
• In music, composers like Stravinsky and
Schoenberg
• Were immensely popular
• Abandoned traditional harmony and tonality
• Were generally unpopular after WWII
• Were unlike modern painters
• Were favored by the Nazis
• In music, composers like Stravinsky and
Schoenberg
• Were immensely popular
• Abandoned traditional harmony and tonality
• Were generally unpopular after WWII
• Were unlike modern painters
• Were favored by the Nazis
• Pablo Pcasso’s Guerica(1937) depicts
• The Impressionist style
• The bombing of the town of Guernica by
German planes
• The savagery of the fighting between fascists
and socialists
• The valiant resistance of the socialists
• e. Hitler invading Spain
• Pablo Pcasso’s Guerica(1937) depicts
• The Impressionist style
• The bombing of the town of Guernica by
German planes
• The savagery of the fighting between fascists
and socialists
• The valiant resistance of the socialists
• e. Hitler invading Spain
• . Hitler argued that Germany should annex
Sudetenland to
• Protect its German speaking population
• Reduce French influence in Central Europe
• Gain control of more munitions factories
• Prevent communist seizure of the area
• e. Reduce the military threat of Czechoslavakia
• . Hitler argued that Germany should annex
Sudetenland to
• Protect its German speaking population
• Reduce French influence in Central Europe
• Gain control of more munitions factories
• Prevent communist seizure of the area
• e. Reduce the military threat of Czechoslavakia
• The union of Austria and Germany in the late
1930s was called the
• Anschluss
• Ausgleich
• Axis Powers
• Central Powers
• Teutonic League
• The union of Austria and Germany in the late
1930s was called the
• Anschluss
• Ausgleich
• Axis Powers
• Central Powers
• Teutonic League
• The French post-World War I economy was in
chaos for all of these reasons EXCEPT
• The tremendous loss of life and property damage
inflicted by the war
• The economic policies of Raymond Poincare
• The Russian default on prefailure of the Germans
to pay war investments by the French
• The cost of fighting the war
• The failure of the Germans to pay exceeded
reparations
• The French post-World War I economy was in
chaos for all of these reasons EXCEPT
• The tremendous loss of life and property damage
inflicted by the war
• The economic policies of Raymond Poincare
• The Russian default on prefailure of the Germans
to pay war investments by the French
• The cost of fighting the war
• The failure of the Germans to pay exceeded
reparations
• The goal of French foreign policy in the interwar
years was
• A prevention of the Japanese takeover of French
Indochina
• A return to isolationism
• The containment of potential German and
Russian expansion
• To check aggression by Fascist Italy
• To aid the republican government against
Franco’s Spanish Fascists
• The goal of French foreign policy in the interwar
years was
• A prevention of the Japanese takeover of French
Indochina
• A return to isolationism
• The containment of potential German and
Russian expansion
• To check aggression by Fascist Italy
• To aid the republican government against
Franco’s Spanish Fascists
• . The United States and Britain came out of
the depression largely because of
• Social welfare programs of the American New
Deal and the British National party
• High tariff barriers to foreign competition
• Currency manipulation
• Raised taxes and lowered spending
• Rearmament for the coming war
• . The United States and Britain came out of
the depression largely because of
• Social welfare programs of the American New
Deal and the British National party
• High tariff barriers to foreign competition
• Currency manipulation
• Raised taxes and lowered spending
• Rearmament for the coming war
• Totalitarianism includes all of the following characteristics
EXCEPT
• The state has the right to control the lives of its citizens
from cradle to grave
• Total control by the state is essential to society
• The state has an existence apart from the individuals who
comprise it
• Every citizen owes the state absolute obedience to the
state
• War brings glory and the state must arm ofr it while the
citizens must train for it
•
• Totalitarianism includes all of the following characteristics
EXCEPT
• The state has the right to control the lives of its citizens
from cradle to grave
• Total control by the state is essential to society
• The state has an existence apart from the individuals who
comprise it
• Every citizen owes the state absolute obedience to the
state
• War brings glory and the state must arm ofr it while the
citizens must train for it
•
• . Despite its totalitarian suppression of political
freedom and human rights, fascism appealed to
many Italians for all these reasons EXCEPT
• The improvement of municipal government
under centralized control
• The electrification of rural Italy
• Overseas colonization
• The Lateran Pact with the Pope, 1929
• The suppression of the Mafia in Southern Italy
• . Despite its totalitarian suppression of political
freedom and human rights, fascism appealed to
many Italians for all these reasons EXCEPT
• The improvement of municipal government
under centralized control
• The electrification of rural Italy
• Overseas colonization
• The Lateran Pact with the Pope, 1929
• The suppression of the Mafia in Southern Italy
• . European though in the early 20th century was
LEAST influenced by which of the following?
• The concept of existentialism proffered by
Nietzsche
• The Darwinist concept of evolution
• The Enlightenment works of Voltaire and
Montesquieu
• Wittgenstein’s ideas of logical positivism
• The uncertainty principle of Heisenberg
• . European though in the early 20th century was
LEAST influenced by which of the following?
• The concept of existentialism proffered by
Nietzsche
• The Darwinist concept of evolution
• The Enlightenment works of Voltaire and
Montesquieu
• Wittgenstein’s ideas of logical positivism
• The uncertainty principle of Heisenberg
• During the economic crisis of the Great
Depression, Hitler addressed his promises of
economic and political salvation to all of the
following groups EXCEPT
• Young people
• Upper and middle classes
• Big businessmen and army leaders
• Workers
• Germans who wanted more land
• During the economic crisis of the Great
Depression, Hitler addressed his promises of
economic and political salvation to all of the
following groups EXCEPT
• Young people
• Upper and middle classes
• Big businessmen and army leaders
• Workers
• Germans who wanted more land
• . In the 1930s, Winston Churchill stood nearly
alone in his
• Advocacy of socialism
• Support of the Soviet Union
• Opposition to the policy of appeasement
• Call for a coalition government
• Efforts to draw the US into the war
• . In the 1930s, Winston Churchill stood nearly
alone in his
• Advocacy of socialism
• Support of the Soviet Union
• Opposition to the policy of appeasement
• Call for a coalition government
• Efforts to draw the US into the war
• The nation had been tottering on the verge of military insurrection
since it became a republic in 1931, because the Republicans
included not only moderate middle-class liberals but a
wide
array of extremists. ... A revolt by the army led to civil war, in which
each side
received aid from outside nations, which served to
transform the local conflict into an international ideological war.
•
• The nation described above was
•
• (A) Spain
• (B) Italy
• (C) Poland
• (D) Yugoslavia
• (E) Algeria
• The nation had been tottering on the verge of military insurrection
since it became a republic in 1931, because the Republicans
included not only moderate middle-class liberals but a
wide
array of extremists. ... A revolt by the army led to civil war, in which
each side
received aid from outside nations, which served to
transform the local conflict into an international ideological war.
•
• The nation described above was
•
• (A) Spain
• (B) Italy
• (C) Poland
• (D) Yugoslavia
• (E) Algeria
• The harsh conditions imposed by the Treaty of
Versailles after World War I helped lay the
foundation for the
• rise of fascism Germany
• uprisings during the French Revolution
• division of Korea along the 38th parallel
• Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
• The harsh conditions imposed by the Treaty of
Versailles after World War I helped lay the
foundation for the
• rise of fascism Germany
• uprisings during the French Revolution
• division of Korea along the 38th parallel
• Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
• . Which of the following had the LEAST effect on European thought
in the first half of the twentieth century?
• (A) The uncertain and complex universe of Einstein’s and
Heisenberg’s physics
• (B) The undermining of the optimistic belief in human rationality by
Freudian
•
psychology
• (C) The utopian literature of Sir Thomas More and Roger Bacon
• (D) Logical empiricism’s limitation of the scope of philosophical
inquiry to the scientifically and mathematically verifiable
• (E) The Darwinist idea of human behavior as determined by
evolutionary forces
• . Which of the following had the LEAST effect on European thought
in the first half of the twentieth century?
• (A) The uncertain and complex universe of Einstein’s and
Heisenberg’s physics
• (B) The undermining of the optimistic belief in human rationality by
Freudian
•
psychology
• (C) The utopian literature of Sir Thomas More and Roger Bacon
• (D) Logical empiricism’s limitation of the scope of philosophical
inquiry to the scientifically and mathematically verifiable
• (E) The Darwinist idea of human behavior as determined by
evolutionary forces
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Repression of individual liberties
• Control of the media
• Appeal to nationalism
• Glorification of the leader
The political philosophy incorporating the
characteristics above is
• (A) socialism (B) anarchism (C) fascism (D)
democracy (E) Marxian communism
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Repression of individual liberties
• Control of the media
• Appeal to nationalism
• Glorification of the leader
The political philosophy incorporating the
characteristics above is
• (A) socialism (B) anarchism (C) fascism (D)
democracy (E) Marxian communism
• . All of the following are policies to which
totalitarian states have traditionally adhered
EXCEPT
• (A) encouragement of multiparty political
systems
• (B) promotion of social welfare measures
• (C) expansion of the military
• (D) economic planning
• (E) holding of periodic elections
• . All of the following are policies to which
totalitarian states have traditionally adhered
EXCEPT
• (A) encouragement of multiparty political
systems
• (B) promotion of social welfare measures
• (C) expansion of the military
• (D) economic planning
• (E) holding of periodic elections
• Which of the following areas was conceded to
Hitler at the Munich Conference of 1938?
• (A) The Polish Corridor
• (B) The Rhineland
• (C) The Saar
• (D) Silesia
• (E) Sudetenland
• Which of the following areas was conceded to
Hitler at the Munich Conference of 1938?
• (A) The Polish Corridor
• (B) The Rhineland
• (C) The Saar
• (D) Silesia
• (E) Sudetenland
A BRITISH IDEA OF A RENDEZVOUS OF THE DICTATORS
Cartoon by permission of The David Low Trustees and The
London Evening Standards.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
On the left he’s saying “The scum of
the Earth, I believe?”
On the right he’s saying “The bloody
assassin of the workers, I presume?”
The cartoon above by the British
caricaturist David Low was published
(A) just after the seizure of power
by the Nazis in Germany in 1933
(B) at the outset of the Spanish
Civil War in 1936
(C) in the wake of the 1939
nonaggression pact between
Germany and Russia
(D) after the defeat of France in
1940 by the German invaders
(E) in response to the German
invasion of Russia in 1941
A BRITISH IDEA OF A RENDEZVOUS OF THE DICTATORS
Cartoon by permission of The David Low Trustees and The
London Evening Standards.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
On the left he’s saying “The scum of
the Earth, I believe?”
On the right he’s saying “The bloody
assassin of the workers, I presume?”
The cartoon above by the British
caricaturist David Low was published
(A) just after the seizure of power
by the Nazis in Germany in 1933
(B) at the outset of the Spanish
Civil War in 1936
(C) in the wake of the 1939
nonaggression pact between
Germany and Russia
(D) after the defeat of France in
1940 by the German invaders
(E) in response to the German
invasion of Russia in 1941
• . Which of the following was a major new
consumer item that gained wide popularity in
Europe between the First World War and the
Second World War?
• (A) Bicycles
• (B) Coffee
• (C) Radios
• (D) Televisions
• (E) Woolen clothing
• . Which of the following was a major new
consumer item that gained wide popularity in
Europe between the First World War and the
Second World War?
• (A) Bicycles
• (B) Coffee
• (C) Radios
• (D) Televisions
• (E) Woolen clothing
• All of the following mass media were used
both for entertainment and propaganda in the
period between World Wars I and II
• Newpapers
• Tevlevision
• Radios
• Motion pictures
• Popular journals and magazines
• All of the following mass media were used
both for entertainment and propaganda in the
period between World Wars I and II
• Newpapers
• Tevlevision
• Radios
• Motion pictures
• Popular journals and magazines
• . The peace settlements at the end of WWI helped
cause WWII for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
• The newly established independent states of Eastern
Europe left a power vacuum in the region
• The establishment of Communism in Russia led to
eventual conflict between Germany and the USSR
• Reparations and the war guilt clause provided grounds
for Hitler’s propaganda
• Italy’s and Japan’s resentments of the settlements
created international instability
• The collapse of the Ottoman Empire created a
belligerent and aggressive independent Turkey
• . The peace settlements at the end of WWI helped
cause WWII for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
• The newly established independent states of Eastern
Europe left a power vacuum in the region
• The establishment of Communism in Russia led to
eventual conflict between Germany and the USSR
• Reparations and the war guilt clause provided grounds
for Hitler’s propaganda
• Italy’s and Japan’s resentments of the settlements
created international instability
• The collapse of the Ottoman Empire created a
belligerent and aggressive independent Turkey
• . In the first decade and a half after World War
I, British foreign policy focused on
• The “Irish question” and problems in the
Middle East
• Mussolini’s overseas expansionism
• Japanese aggression in mainland Asia
• The rise of Nazism
• Communism in Russia
• . In the first decade and a half after World War
I, British foreign policy focused on
• The “Irish question” and problems in the
Middle East
• Mussolini’s overseas expansionism
• Japanese aggression in mainland Asia
• The rise of Nazism
• Communism in Russia
• American foreign policy regarding Europe in the
1930s was primarily directed toward
• Maintaining US neutrality
• Containing the spread of communism
• Blocking Fascist aggression
• Guaranteeing the safety of the democracies that
had emerged after WWI
• Supporting the Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War
• American foreign policy regarding Europe in the
1930s was primarily directed toward
• Maintaining US neutrality
• Containing the spread of communism
• Blocking Fascist aggression
• Guaranteeing the safety of the democracies that
had emerged after WWI
• Supporting the Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War
• The regimes of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and
the Stalinist Soviet Union all shared a
• Complete rejection of private property
• Violently racist ideology
• Goal of complete economic transformation
• Profound hatred of Western liberalism
• e. State support of private industry
• The regimes of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and
the Stalinist Soviet Union all shared a
• Complete rejection of private property
• Violently racist ideology
• Goal of complete economic transformation
• Profound hatred of Western liberalism
• e. State support of private industry
• . Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933 by
• Engineering a putsch against the Weimar Republic
• Setting fire to the Reichstag Building and using it as a
pretext to restore order
• Being invited by the president to form a coalition
government after the Nazis won a plurality of Reichstag
seats
• Being directly elected by a clear majority
• Assassinating the chancellor of the Weimar Republic
and seizing the office
• . Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933 by
• Engineering a putsch against the Weimar Republic
• Setting fire to the Reichstag Building and using it as a
pretext to restore order
• Being invited by the president to form a coalition
government after the Nazis won a plurality of Reichstag
seats
• Being directly elected by a clear majority
• Assassinating the chancellor of the Weimar Republic
and seizing the office
• . Which of the following was NOT an element of
fascism?
• A fanatical obedience to a charismatic leader
• An egalitarianism that extended to class and
gender
• A professed belief in the virtues of struggle and
youth
• An intense form of nationalism
• An expressed hatred of socialism and liberalism
• . Which of the following was NOT an element of
fascism?
• A fanatical obedience to a charismatic leader
• An egalitarianism that extended to class and
gender
• A professed belief in the virtues of struggle and
youth
• An intense form of nationalism
• An expressed hatred of socialism and liberalism
• For what purpose did both Joseph Stalin and
Adolf Hitler conduct purges within their own
political parties?
• A. So that the League of Nations would allow the
USSR and Germany into their organization.
• B. To exile those persons whom both Stalin and
Hitler did not like.
• C. To create a sense of "transparency" so that
foreign governments would accept them.
• D. To ensure obedience from all members of
their political parties, government, and masses.
• For what purpose did both Joseph Stalin and
Adolf Hitler conduct purges within their own
political parties?
• A. So that the League of Nations would allow the
USSR and Germany into their organization.
• B. To exile those persons whom both Stalin and
Hitler did not like.
• C. To create a sense of "transparency" so that
foreign governments would accept them.
• D. To ensure obedience from all members of
their political parties, government, and masses.