Transcript Honors Ancient History Final Exam Review Part II

Honors Ancient History Final
Exam Review
Part II
• Which of the following was an effect of the
Crusades?
• European kings gained more political power.
• Important trade routes were destroyed.
• Knights gained political power.
• Roman Catholics became more tolerant of
Eastern Orthodoxy and Judaism.
• Which of the following was not a challenge
Europeans faced during the late Middle Ages?
• Papal disputes and heresy
• the Hundred Years War
• The Black Death
• Overpopulation of cities
• The African king responsible for bringing
Africa, specifically the Empire of Mali, to the
attention of Europe was
• Ezana.
• Lalibela.
• Sundiata.
• Mansa Musa.
• The growth of European learning and
universities during the Middle Ages were
mostly influenced by ____ scholarship.
• Christian
• Islamic
• Roman
• Elvis
•
•
•
•
•
The Black Death led to
the collapse of the medieval manor system.
greater religious tolerance in Western Europe.
massive witch hunts throughout Europe.
the end of the Hundred Years’ War.
• The Byzantine legacy includes the
preservation of ancient Greco-Roma heritage
and served as a buffer between the Christian
west and the ____ east.
• middle
• Muslim
• warring
• Orthodox
• Which of the following was one effect of the
Crusades?
• The feudal system strengthened.
• Trade decreased.
• Jews moved to Jerusalem.
• Relations between religious groups became
more strained.
•
•
•
•
•
The feudal system in Europe was a system
to rid the church of corrupt bishops.
to free peasants and serfs.
of exchanging land for service.
of providing charters for towns.
•
•
•
•
•
Who won the Hundred Years’ War?
the Lancasters
the French
the English
the Muslims
• Which of the following was not one of the
ways popes became stronger in the Middle
Ages?
• ruled territory - Papal States
• built and maintained armies
• became political leaders
• toleration of corrupt clergy
• Trade began to grow in Europe after the ____;
most of this trade was controlled by
merchants from ____.
• Crusades; the Middle East
• Crusades; Italy
• adoption of a paper money system; Italy
• creation of a vast road network; the Middle
East
• Which of the following was not a form of
medieval art?
• Realistic paintings
• Tapestries
• Architecture
• Illumination
• Johannes Gutenberg’s invention has been described as
revolutionary because
• until guilds were created, craftspeople were unable to
control the goods they produced.
• with oil paints, Renaissance artists could paint much
more detail than they could with watercolors.
• coupled with a large pool of unemployed workers, it
led to early industrialization in parts of Central Europe.
• with easier access to books, more people learned to
read and more books were printed.
• Which of the following was not a reason why
the Italian Renaissance spread north from
Italy?
• movement of artists and scholars
• invasion of Italy by the Muslims
• development of printing
• trade of goods alongside ideas
• Which of the following was not a major effect
of the Protestant Reformation?
• political instability
• religious warfare
• decrease sense of national identity
• persecution and hysteria
• The Age of Exploration was made possible due
to advances in ____ and ____.
• navigation; shipbuilding
• cartography; communication
• colonies; trade
• force fields; lasers
• Which of the following statements best describes the
importance of Italian city-states to the Renaissance?
• As agricultural centers, city-states produced an
abundance of crops, and sold them to foreign markets.
• The Catholic Church, dominant in the city-states,
published the first Bible.
• Italian shipbuilders brought paintings and sculpture
back from China and India.
• Knowledge of arts increased as nobles and merchants
sought to display their new wealth.
• Which of the following proposed the
geocentric theory?
• Copernicus
• Galileo
• Aristotle
• Johannes Kepler
• The English and French sent explorers to look
for the ____, a route to Asia that involved
sailing north of the Americas rather than
south around Africa.
• Strait of Magellan
• Eastern Australian Current
• Northwest Passage
• Northern Asian Current
• In the beginning of the Protestant
Reformation, one of the largest criticisms was
about the sale of ____ which decreased time a
soul spent in purgatory.
• penances
• grievances
• purifications
• indulgences
• Scholars estimate that how much of all food
crops grown around the world today are of
American origin?
• one-tenth
• one-third
• two-thirds
• one-half
• Until the Scientific Revolution, the traditional
authorities were
• Plato and Aristotle.
• navigators and explorers.
• Aquinas and his followers.
• the Church and ancient scholars.
• During the Renaissance, rather than relying
solely on the Church, ____ became an
important avenue of inquiry about the natural
world.
• science
• secular literature
• art
• philosophy
•
•
•
•
•
The 95 Theses were written in Latin because
Latin was not the vernacular.
Luther could not write in any other language.
they were intended for church leaders.
Luther intended them for a mass audience.
• Which of the following was not part of the
Counter-Reformation?
• The creation of the Roman and Spanish
Inquisitions.
• The publication of the Index of Forbidden Books.
• Pope Paul III formal acceptance of the Protestant
faiths.
• The creation of the Jesuits and their efforts in reeducation.
• In comparison to Italian Renaissance art,
Northern Renaissance artists’ works reflected
a more ____ view of humanity.
• stylized
• realistic
• perspective
• creative
•
•
•
•
•
Humanism was inspired by interest in
scientific writings.
Buddhist philosophy.
Catholic doctrines.
Greek and Roman culture.
• How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of
Exploration?
• by persuading Europeans that the pursuit of
wealth was all important
• by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation
in Europe
• by fostering a belief in the importance of working
as a group
• by emphasizing the importance of converting
people to Christianity
• Which of the following was not part of Martin
Luther’s message/arguement against the Roman
Catholic Church?
• The Roman Catholic Church should formally
separate from the Protestant Church.
• Individual Christians should be able to interpret
scripture for themselves.
• God’s grace can’t be won by good works, faith
alone was needed.
• The only head of the Christian Church was Jesus,
not the pope.
• Planters in the Americans began to use African
slaves for labor because
• Aztecs refused to work on plantations.
• disease had killed millions of Native
Americans.
• they believed Native Americans were not
human.
• African slaves were less expensive than Native
American slaves.
• During the Enlightenment, writers and
philosophers agreed with ideas long held as
absolute truth and felt that reason could not
solve all of society’s problems.
• True
• False
• ____ was a new way of thinking about the
natural world that challenged traditional views
and instead relied upon experimentation.
• The Renaissance
• The Protestant Reformation
• The Age of Exploration
• The Scientific Revolution
• To represent three-dimensional objects on flat
paper, Renaissance artists studied
• astronomy.
• perspective.
• the work of Lorenzo de Medici.
• humanism.
• What was an effect of the Columbian
Exchange?
• Native American diseases destroyed European
populations.
• The exchange of foods and animals had a
dramatic impact on later societies.
• Llamas began to be used as beasts of burden.
• Triangular trade became less profitable.
• The Enlightenment was characterized by
European thinkers developing new ideas
about ____ and ____ and applying reason in
order to improve the human condition.
• politics; religion
• military; economics
• government; society
• Death Star; targets
• Sailors could calculate their location based on
the position of the sun and stars in relation to
the horizon with the
• compass.
• caravel.
• nautical map.
• astrolabe.
• What led scientists to study the natural world
more closely in the mid-1500s?
• a series of natural disasters
• exploration
• Thomas Paine’s pamphlet
• the death of Aristotle
• Mercantilism: an economic activity carried on
by private individuals and/or organizations in
order to seek profit. Capitalism: a nation’s
strength depends upon its wealth; needed a
favorable balance of trade and control
resources by building colonial empires.
• True
• False
• Which of the following occurred as a result of
Martin Luther’s stand against indulgences?
• Germany rejected Lutheranism and remained
Roman Catholic.
• Lutheranism spread first to England and
Scotland, then France and Italy.
• The Protestant Reformation began.
• Henry VIII started a new religion in England
called Anabaptism.
• What new approach allowed scholars to gain
new scientific knowledge?
• financing by the Church
• universal public education
• the scientific method
• the Inquisition
• During the Scientific Revolution, significant
advances were made in all of the following
fields except:
• physics and math
• space travel
• astronomy
• biology and chemistry
• The ultimate goal of the early Portuguese
explorers was to
• spread Christianity.
• explore the coast of Africa.
• discover new lands.
• find a water route around Africa to India.
• Who argued that people had a right to
overthrow a government that does not
protect their natural rights?
• Voltaire
• Montesquieu
• Locke
• Hobbes
• Most accusations of being a witch/practicing
witchcraft included that you were a woman and
____.
• had flown through the air and/or communicated
with other witches
• made a prediction that came true and/or healed
a sick person
• floated and/or did not get burned during the Trial
of Ordeal
• breathed and/or had done one or all of the above
• The population of Native Americans in Spanish
colonies dropped by more than
• 10%
• 90%
• 30%
• 75%
• Which of the following was not a reason why
Europeans began exploring the world?
• Establish political allegiances with other
nations
• Explorers hoped to find new, faster routes to
Asia to gain a trade foothold
• Renaissance spirit of discovery and innovation
• Explorers hoped to spread their faith into new
lands
• ____ emphasized individual accomplishment
and the capacity of people to create and
achieve.
• Hippies
• Martin Luther
• Machiavelli
• Humanists
• The contact between the Americas, Europe,
Africa, and Asia led to the widespread
exchange of plants animals and disease known
as the ____.
• New World Exchange
• Columbian Exchange
• Middle Passage Exchange
• Planet Express
• Which of the following was not part of the
aftermath of the Battle of Waterloo?
• The Congress of Vienna was created
• Napoleon was placed under house arrest until
he died in 1821
• The French Army was decisively defeated
• France remained a democracy for the rest of
its history
• Which of the following was not a result of the
Tennis Court Oath?
• The National Assembly abolished the monarchy
and created the French republic.
• The oath was an assertion of political authority of
the people.
• The Declaration of Right of Man and of the
Citizen was created.
• The National Assembly received widespread
support from the French people
• The Jacobins
• were a moderate political group pushing for
reforms in the French government.
• established the Committee of Public Safety
and created a Reign of Terror.
• established the anti-revolutionary National
Convention
• were a radical political group led by Pepe Le
Pew.
• The Reign of Terror was characterized by all the
following except:
• The French forces being defeated by the invading
foreign armies
• Trials by the Revolutionary Tribunals for counterrevolutionaries
• 18,000 meeting their deaths by the guillotine or
other methods
• The creation of many democratic reforms in the
government
• Which of the following was not a cause of the
French Revolution?
• The worsening financial situation of the
government
• New ideas of the Enlightenment movement
• England invading France
• Economic depression
• In order to prevent nationalistic revolutions,
the ____ (Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and
Russia) was formed to enforce the agreements
made during the Congress of Vienna.
• Alliance of Four
• Quadruple Alliance
• Alliance of Monarchs
• Fantastic Four
• Which of the following was not one of Napoleon’s
reforms?
• Restructured and streamlined the government
using military organization
• He created the Bank of France and required
everyone to pay taxes
• Reopened the Catholic Church and allowed for
toleration of other religions
• He created the judicial, legislative, and executive
branches of government
• During the Old Regime, the French people
were divided into three groups known as
____. The first group was:____; the second
group was ____; and the third group were :
____, bourgeoisie, and lower clergy.
• Estates; nobility; peasants; higher clergy
• Estates; higher clergy; nobility; peasants
• Estates; peasants; higher clergy; nobility
• Estates; Tennessee; Washington; Maine
• The motivation for the Reign of Terror was due
to ____ politics and fear of invading ____.
• moderate; armies of Napoleon
• radical; foreign armies
• military; armies of Louis XVI
• intergalactic; aliens
• In French society, each Estate had one vote in
the Estates-General, which immediately
created an imbalance of power in the
government between the 3rd and the 1st and
2nd Estates.
• True
• False
• The Congress of Vienna was composed of
reactionaries. The reactionaries hope to put a
stop to ____ - an influential political philosophy in
the 1800s based on the ideals of the
Enlightenment and democratic reforms of the
French Revolution.
• absolutism
• enlightism
• communism
• liberalism
• Which of the following did not occur during
Napoleon’s campaign into Russia?
• After suffering his disastrous defeat in Russia,
Napoleon had a successful invasion of Germany.
• The Russian Czar held out until the harsh Russian
winter forced Napoleon to retreat.
• Russian arsonists set fire to Moscow and burnt it
to the ground before Napoleon arrived.
• The Russians launched a continuous attack
against Napoleon and his forces during their
forced march back to Paris.
• Napoleon’s reforms of the French government
were different from the reforms of the
revolution in that the ____ was more
important than the individual.
• military
• state
• government
• economy
• Seeking to separate himself from the
authoritative image of his predecessors, Louis
XVI enacted several Enlightenment reforms in
the French government which helped to avoid
a revolution.
• True
• False
• Napoleon’s legacy included spreading French
Revolutionary ideals throughout ____ and
creating uniform standards for all the
following except:
• Europe; education and agriculture
• Europe; economy and industry
• Europe; government and taxation
• Mars; science and engineering
• Which of the following was not one of the
themes of the French Revolution?
• Brotherhood
• Equality
• Freedom
• Liberty
• During the Old Regime in France, the French
government was an absolute monarchy with
feudal privileges for the aristocracy and the
Catholic clergy.
• True
• False
• Before the French Revolution happened, ____
of the population was paying taxes and
supporting ____ of the population.
• 2%; 98%
• 98%; 2%
• 25%; 75%
• 75%; 25%
• Which of the following was not an
Enlightenment thinker that influenced the
French Revolution?
• Voltaire
• Montesquieu
• John Locke
• Obi wan Kenobi
• Which of the following was not a cause of
WWI?
• Nationalism
• Militarism
• Economic Depression
• Entangling Alliances
• Imperialism
• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• After the first Battle of the Marne, the Allied
and Central forces began to fight a series of
battles in which each side was trying to
outflank each other on their way to the North
Sea. This was known as
• The North Sea Conflicts.
• The Race to the Sea.
• Operation Seaside.
• The Marne Sea Advances.
• Although originally pursuing a policy of ____,
the sinking of the ____ and the ____ Telegram
brought America into the war.
• interventionalism; S.S. Minnow; Zeppelin
• irrigationalism; Titantic; Zerkensky
• isolationalism; Lusitania; Zimmerman
• irrationalism; The Rusty Bucket; Zoolander
• An Austro-Serbian war became a world war
due to the
• War and Peace Pacts
• Entangling Alliances
• The Balance of Power Treaties
• Washington Monument
• ____ began the Industrial Revolution due to
three unique factors: land, labor, and capital.
• America
• Japan
• Britain
• China
• The Allied Powers included:
• Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium,
Japan, Montenegro, and the U.S.
• Great Britain, Germany, Russia, Bulgaria,
Belgium, and China
• Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman
Empire, and Bulgaria
• Kazakhstan, Mexico, Thailand, and Chile
• The Allies’ main purpose during the Battle of the
Somme was to:
• Liberate the city of Somme away from the Central
Powers and destroy the German forces there.
• Try to gain a quick victory so they could help their
Russian allies in the Battle of the Marne.
• Draw the German forces deeper into France so they
could more easily surround the Germans.
• Draw the German forces away from the Battle of
Verdun and to try to punch through the German lines.
• The Central Powers included:
• Germany, Russia, the Automotive Empire, and
Romania
• Germany, Italy, Japan
• Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium,
Japan, Montenegro, and the U.S.
• Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman
Empire, and Bulgaria
• Which of the following was not part of the final
tally of WWI?
• Four Empires disappeared: German, AustroHungarian, Ottoman, and Russian
• Four dynasties fell: Hohenzollerns, Hapsburg,
Ottomans, and Romanovs
• Over 3,000 Nuremburg Trials were help in order
to convict Nazis of war crimes
• There were 78,294,000 casualties including 50
million deaths from the Spanish Flu
• What was not part of the Battle of Verdun?
• French General Robert Neville's phrase “they shall not
pass” because the rallying cry of the French troops.
• It was one of the shortest battles of WWI, lasting fewer
than 10 days and it had the lowest amount of
casualties of the war.
• The Germans chose to attack this French position
because they had several advantages in their favor.
• The French were successful in pushing the German
forces back to where they started.
• During the Paris Peace Conference, President
Woodrow Wilson made compromises in order
to help establish
• the League of Nations.
• the Major Leagues.
• the League of Extraordinary Gentlemen.
• the Justice League.
• Which of the following was not a reason why WWI was
originally viewed as a “cleansing” war?
• Nationalism and patriotic enthusiasm were sweeping
across all the countries involved.
• The countries believed that the war was a matter of
defending their country’s honor or upholding “right against
might.”
• Many countries felt that this would be the opportunity to
purge or “clean” people viewed as undesirables out of their
country.
• Many country's leaders felt that a short successful war
would unify their countries and solve some domestic
problems.
• Industrialization occurs when countries’
economies shift from being based mainly on
____ to ____.
• manufacturing; agriculture
• manufacturing; services
• agriculture; manufacturing
• Star Trek; Star Wars
• New weapons and vehicles of WWI included
all the following except:
• Poison gas and machine guns
• Airplanes and submarines
• Tanks and artillery
• Bomber planes and nuclear weapons
• During the Hundred Days Offensive in 1918,
the Allies were able to push the Germans back
and break through the ____, Germany’s
original starting point in 1914.
• Howitzer Line
• Hindenburg Line
• Western Front Line
• Schlieffen Plan
• What was the Schlieffen Plan?
• The German codename for the Zimmerman
Telegram
• Part of the German offensive during the first
Battle of the Somme
• A German war strategy on how to effectively
conduct a two front war
• The name of Germany’s outline for the
placement of their trenches
• The Treaty of Versailles:
• was the most important treaty of the Paris
Peace Conference
• outlined the details of the Allied settlement
with Germany
• included several harsh measures against
Germany
• all of the above
• To attack, soldiers charged ____ of their own
trenches and ran across ____ to the enemy’s
trenches.
• in scattered formation; free land
• in single file; neutral land
• over the top; no man’s land
• over the river; the woods
• Which of the following was not a reason why
Germany fought in WWI?
• Germany’s “Weltpolitik” or world politics and
their desire for expansion.
• They were trying to support their ally AustriaHungary.
• Germany was racing Britain in building a larger
navy.
• They were attempting to break up the alliances
and establish the League of Nations.
Matching
• Approval of the gods
• The first emperor of the Qin
• Linked China to India, the Middle East, and the
Roman Empire
• Shifting seasonal winds used by Indian traders
• “Achieving peace through submission to God”
• The sacred text of Islam
• Journey to Mecca
• Muslim legal system of rules
• Acts of worship central to Islam
• The land given to a knight for his service to a lord
• A measure of one’s devotion to religion
• The economic system of medieval western
Europe
• Design of medieval churches that made them
taller and brighter than earlier churches
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fief
Five Pillars of Islam
Gothic Style
Hajj
Islam
Mandate of Heaven
Manorial System
Monsoons
Piety
Qur’an
Sharia
Shi Huangdi
Silk Roads
Matching
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Beliefs that opposed official Church teachings
Accomplished in the classics and a man of action
First explorer credited with circumnavigating the earth
Well-educated poet from a powerful family in Florence
who supported the arts
Playwright believed by many to be the greatest
Renaissance writer
Period of renewed interest and remarkable development
in art, literature, science, and learning
Having a worldly rather than a spiritual focus
Everyday language of the people
Famous for the statue of David and the ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel
Nation’s strength depended on how much gold an silver it
possessed
Estates where cash crops were grown on a large scale
One leg of triangular trade network
A disease to which Native Americans had no resistance
• Ferdinand Magellan
• Heresy
• Ideal Renaissance
Man
• Lorenzo de Medici
• Mercantilism
• Michelangelo
Buonarroti
• Middle Passage
• Plantations
• Renaissance
• Secular
• Smallpox
• Vernacular
• William Shakespeare
Matching
• Spread risk and profit among many investors
• The Enlightenment
• Held that the earth was the center of the
universe and the sun, moon, and planets
revolved around it
• Argued that the best form of government
included a separation of powers
• Held that the earth revolves around the sun
• The exchange between a society and its
government
• Age of Reason
• Baron de
Montesquieu
• Geocentric theory
• Heliocentric
theory
• Joint-stock
company
• Social contract