Transcript Alfonso d`Alboquerque Ferdinand Magellan Vasco Nunez de

Chapter 9
The Early Modern World
Name this building
Saint Peter’s, Rome
Humanist moral philosophers of the Renaissance
believed that
a. people should withdraw from the world and
dedicate themselves to prayer..
b. the thought of the middle ages was much more
pure than the scandalous ideas of the
Renaissance.
c. people could lead morally virtuous lives while
 participating in the world.
a. the ideals of the Greeks and Romans should be
shunned because they were pagan.
What gradually followed feudalism in
Europe?
 a. The rise of monarchies
b. Scholasticism
c. Asian Hegemony
d. The Middle Ages
e. European City States
Who was the first European to land in
Brazil and claim it for Portugal?
a. Alfonso d’Alboquerque
b. Ferdinand Magellan
c. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
d. Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
e. Pero Alvares Cabral
In the long term, the Colombian exchange
a. brought a lasting decline in population
because of the ravages of diseases such as
smallpox.
b. had very little influence on world population
figures.
c. led to economic instability because of a glut
of Chinese silver.
 d.
increased world population because of the
spread of new food crops.
The ship at the right is called a
a. Dhow
b. Junk
c.
Caravel
d. Frigate
After the death of Zheng He, what fatal decision did
later Ming Emperors make?
a. They sought to abandon the Confucian
Educational System.
b. They ordered the destruction of Yongle’s
Comprehensive Encyclopedia.
c. They tried to impress foreign people’s with
the superiority of Chinese culture.
d. They paid more attention to fighting the
 Mongols on their western borders than
continuing westward naval expeditions.
After the Seven Year’s War, who became the world’s
dominate trading power?
Great Britain
What was the worst Euorpean disease exported to
the rest of the globe via the Colombian Exchange?
Smallpox
To whom did the Kings of Georgia trace their ancestry?
King David of Israel
In what great battle did Spanish and Papal naval
forces defeat the Turks? Battle of Lepanto
When the Mongol Khanates on the Steppes weakened,
who filled in the vacuum?
Russian Cossacks
The Reconquista:
a. was the Portuguese trade route around the tip
of Africa.
b. was the reestablishment of native Chinese rule
by defeating the Mongols
c. was the failed Islamic attempt to win back
control over southern Italy.
d. was the Christian crusade to win back the
 Iberian Peninsula from Islamic control.
Hongwu's philosophy for ruling China was
a. to continue the highly successful Yuan
policies.
b. to completely break with the past.
c. to return to the model of traditional
 Chinese dynasties.
d. to modernize on an European basis.
The potato added protein to the European
diet. Which statement is most accurate?
a. Farmers could grow three potato crops
every year.
b. Potatoes were will suited to the warm, dry
Mediterranean climates of Southern Europe.
c. Potatoes were well suited to the cold, wet
 sandy soils of Northern Europe.
d. Potatoes yielded high harvests but were
labor intensive.
Name this painting and its painter
The Hunters in
the Snow by
Pieter Breughel
Rabban Bar Sauma’s mission
a. avoided meetings with both the Pope and
the Byzantine emperor.
b. was profoundly dominated by the Greek
Orthodox Church.
c. demonstrated the power of the Ilkhan to
force Christian conversions
d. Showed the growing complexity of
 diplomacy
What was the Seven Year’s war called
in North America?
a. The Hundred Years War
b. The Trading Post War
c. The Anglo-Prussian War
 d. The French and Indian War
e. Jaquerie Revolt
Who said, "I didn't tell half of what I saw,
because no one would have believed me?“
 a. Marco Polo
b. Zheng He
c. Masaccio
d. Ibn Battutta
e. John of Montecorvino
After he assumed the throne, what name did Zhu
Yuanzhang assume?
Hongwu
What were the two greatest challenges of nature
during the Early Modern Period?
The Little Ice Age and the Bubonic Plague
Who painted the Triumph of Death?
Peter Brueghel
Who perhaps was the best-known long-distance
Marco Polo
traveler of all time?
Who was his Islamic counterpart?
Ibn Battuta
Name this statue and its sculptor
Gattamelata
by Donatello
Who was the greatest of
the Christian Humanists?
a. Petrarch
b.
Erasmus
c. Machiavelli
d. da Vinci
Who was the Italian Franciscan priest, who went to
China in 1291became the first bishop of Khanbaliq?“
a. Marco Polo
b. Zheng He
c. Masaccio
d. Ibn Battutta
e. John of Montecorvino
Marco Polo's stories
a. convinced other Europeans that trade with
China was far too dangerous to pursue.
b. were a product of forced propaganda by Kublai
Khan.
c. influenced other Europeans to visit China and
demand Chinese goods.
d. played no role in the expansion of European
trade until the 20th century.
Which of the following was not representative of
Renaissance painting?
a. the creation of the individual portrait as an
artistic genre.
b. the use of linear perspective to represent
three dimensions.
c. a deeply religious tone as represented in its
 choice of subjects.
d. the choice of themes from the Greek or
Roman world.
Name this picture and its painter
The Triumph of Death by
Pieter Breughel the Elder
What preceded the Little Ice Age?
The Medieval Warm Period
How long did the Little Ice Last?
From around 1300 to the mid nineteenth century
During the Little Ice Age, by how much did the average
temperature of the earth drop?
2 to 3 degrees
What was the result in Iceland and Greenland?
Iceland’s population was halved; Greenland’s died out
What was the most important result in China?
Warm weather crops like oranges were abandoned
Whose small fleet was the first to
circumnavigate the globe?
a. Alfonso d’Alboquerque
 b. Ferdinand Magellan
c. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
d. Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
e. Pero Alvares Cabral
Which of the following cities was NOT affected by the
Bubonic Plague?
a. Khanbaliq
b. Caffa
 c. Bergen
d. Constantinople
e. Baghdad
α
α
α
α
Whose trade routes are shown in blue? Portugal
Who sailed along line routes marked with an α?
What do we call that global trading pattern?
The Manila Galleon Trade
Spain
The groundwork for what revolution would be
laid by the Treaty of Paris in 1763?
a. Russian
 b. American
c. French
d. Haitian
e. Colombian
Which of the following became a staple food in
Russia and Ireland and doubled China’s
population in the seventeenth century and ?
a. Maize
b. Sweet Potato
c. Peanuts
d. Manioc
 e. White Potato
The Yongle Encyclopedia of the Ming Dynasty:
a. signified a radical break with the past.
b. is the only direct historical evidence remaining that
catalogued the journeys of Zheng He.
c. firmly entrenched the Yuan traditions in Chinese
history.
d. represented the Ming rulers' interest in supporting
 native Chinese cultural traditions.
Who constructed the dome on the Cathedral of Florence?
a. Masaccio
b. Michelangelo
c. Brunelleschi
d. Donatello
The VOC was the name of what company?
The Dutch East India Company
What was the great exception to state building in as
Europe recovered from Feudalism and the Plague?
The Holy Roman Empire
The EEIC was the name of what company?
The English East India Company
Why did the Europeans want an all water route to
Asia? To avoid the taxes of Muslim middlemen
Who gave Ferdinand and Isabella the title of The
Catholic Kings?
Pope Alexander VI
Which of the following was NOT a result of the
Bubonic Plague?“
a. Jaquerie Revolt
b. Flagellants
c. The demise of serfdom in Western Europe
d. Worldliness
 e. English and Dutch Frost Fairs
The Hundred Years' War was fought between
France and England
Columbian Exchange was the
The ______________________
name applied to Europeans establishing links
between all lands and peoples of the world
and the interactions which resulted in an
unprecedented volume of exchange across
the boundary lines of societies and cultural
regions. This involved plants, foot crops,
animals, human populations, and diseases
Which of the following was NOT a result of the Little
Ice Age?
a. Timbuktu was flooded at least 13 times by the
Niger River.
b. In Northern Europe, agricultural production
declined sharply and led to famines
c. In North America, Native Americans dispersed
 as famines became more common.
d. Viking colonies in Greenland died out.
Who painted this early Renaissance picture of the
Tribute Money? What Classical artistic technique
replaced Medieval flat two dimensional art?
Massaico
-
Perspective
Why was Portugal unable to maintain its early
domination of trade in the Indian Ocean Basin?
a. Portugal was a poor country with a small
population.
b. A Chinese resurgence of naval exploration
forced the Portuguese out.
c. Bubonic Plague devastated the Portuguese
military forces
 d. The French, English and Dutch were more
powerful and organized
Who said in his book, The Prince, the “end
justifies the means”?
a. Ibn Battuta
b. Nicollo Machiavelli
c. John Adams
d. Xuangzong
The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494
a. granted England control over Australia.
 b. split Central and South America between
Spain and Portugal.
c. limited Spanish northern expansion at
modern-day Florida.
d. ended the English practice of raiding
Spanish treasure galleons.
Who was the Portuguese commander in the
Indian Ocean who sought to control all trade
by forcing merchant ships to purchase safe
conduct passes to present at his trading posts?
 a.Alfonso d’Alboquerque
b.Ferdinand Magellan
c.Vasco Nunez de Balboa
d.Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
e.Pero Alvares Cabral
Which of the following astounded the
Chinese about Christian missionaries?
 a. Christian exclusivity.
b. Christian diversity.
c. Christian doctrine (teachings)
d. Christian syncretism
What European traveler worked for the Great
Khan and after the wrote about his adventures,
caused Europeans have more interest in China?
Marco Polo
The original outbreak of the bubonic plague in
the 14th century began in
China
What is this object (at right)?
A Cross Staff
What was its purpose?
A cross staff was an
instrument used by mariners
to measure the angle of the
sun or the North Star and
thus determine latitude.
What is Xenophobia?
a. Might make right
b. The end justifies the means
c. Fear of strangers
d. The Mandate of Heaven
e. Another word for Hearth
Under the Emperor Hongwu, who
dominated the Chinese government?
a. Eunuchs
b. Mandarins
 c. Scholar Bureaucrats
d. Sanbao
e. Yongle
Who led three expeditions to the Pacific before
being killed in a scuffle with the natives of
Hawaii? He charted eastern Australia and New
Zealand and added New Caledonia, Vanuatu and
Hawaii to European maps.
James Cook
Who sailed up the Coast of California and into San
Francisco Bay which he called New Albion and
claimed for England?
Francis Drake
What is the Archipelago of San Lazaro called today?
The Philippines
Jan Pieterszoon Coen was responsible for
founding
the city of Batavia on the island of Java
In spite of the terrible spread of infectious
diseases, in the long term the Colombian
exchange increased
world population because of the spread of
new food crops
Name this painting
and its painter
Winter Landscape with Skaters
by Hendrick Averkamp
Ibn Battuta was able to travel so extensively at
the dawn of the Early Modern World because
a. his military might made travel easy.
b. his religious and legal training allowed him
to serve as a qadi.
c. of his position as an envoy for the Mongols.
d. he traveled with Marco Polo.
What two of the following were part of
the Pruning Phenomenon?
√a. Rise in personal Income
b. Population Rise
c. Flagellants
√d. Decline of Guilds
e. Decrease in Crime
Which of the following was a key component
of Renaissance Thought?
 a. A fascination with the ancient world.
b. A desire to recreate the glory of Byzantium.
c. A deeply religious desire to withdraw from
secularism and the world.
d. A rejection of Scholasticism and Medieval
Thought.
This Illuminated
Manuscript shows a
bishop
a. administering the
sacrament of
Confirmation
 b. blessing survivors of
the Black Death
c. ordaining new priests
d. blessing monks
What were the astrolabe and later the
Cross Staff both designed to measure?
a.speed
b.distance
c.latitude
d.longitude
Wat Tyler
a. led the flagellants in Parisian riots.
b. led English peasants into London where
they demanded an end to serfdom. .
c. Traveled to Khanbaliq as an ambassador of
the Pope and King Edward III
d. Claimed to have baptized six thousand
people in Florence during the early years of
the Renaissance
In 1356, what city did Zhu Yuanzhang capture and
make his capital?
Nanjing
In 1363, what traditional rituals did Zhu Yuanzhang
perform to become the Emperor Hongwu?
Mandate of Heaven
After becoming the Emperor Hongwu what dynasty
did he proclaim?
The Ming Dynasty
What educational system did Hongwu use to build
Confucian
his government?
What does Ming mean?
Brilliant
On what factor did the Portuguese
dominance of trade in the Indian Ocean
Basin depend?
a. forcing the native populations to convert to
Christianity.
b. forming alliances with Chinese princes to take
advantage of the large Chinese navy.
c. forcing merchant ships to call at fortified
 trading posts and pay duties.
d. conquering territory and bring the inhabitants
permanently into their growing empire.
Which of the following did France manage
to retain after the Seven Year’s War?
a. Louisiana
b. Canada
c. Pondicherry
 d. Guadeloupe
e. Florida
What famous world traveler visited all these places?
a. Marco Polo
b.
Valencia
Tangier
Rabat .
.
c. Rabban bar Sauma
Ibn Battuta
.
.Fez
Taghaza.
Timbuktu.
d. Lief Erickson
Beijing
.Anatalya
.Damascus
.Jerusalem.Baghdad
Cairo.
.Medina
.Muscat
.Mecca
.Aden
.Mogadishu
.Zanzibar
.Mombasa
.Kilwa
.Delhi
Grand
Canal
Dhaka. .Chittagong
.Ceylon
Maldive
Islands
.
.Hangzhou
.Quangzhou
Under whom did the Spanish conquer the
Philippines in the 1570s?
a. Alfonso d’Alboquerque
b. Ferdinand Magellan
c. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
 d. Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
e. Pero Alvares Cabral
Who was the first European to sight the
Pacific Ocean?
a. Alfonso d’Alboquerque
b. Ferdinand Magellan
 c. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
d. Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
e. Pero Alvares Cabral
What was the principal aim of The Prince
by Nicolo Machiavelli?
a. How to maintain power within the
constraints of Christian morality
b. How to use Humanism to undermine
morality
c. How a Prince works to seize and keep
 political power
d. How a Prince follows the principles of
Chivalry in his court
What was Zheng He’s principal motive in
his visits to other nations in Asia and the
Indian Ocean Basin?
a. He wanted to create accurate maps to
make future military successful
b. He wanted to suppress pirates
c. He wanted to make his Hajj
d. He wanted to created Tributary
 Relationships
Identify the Illuminated
Manuscript to right
"February" from the
calendar of Les Très Riches
Heures du duc de Berry
Linking “February” to the
Little Ice Age, what was
the result in Iceland and
Greenland?
The population of Iceland
was cut in half and the
Viking colonies in
Greenland disappeared
What are the disciplines of literature,
history and moral philosophy called?
a. Social Sciences
b. The Classics
c. The Humanities
d. Scholasticism
e. Theology
Where was the principal French trading
post in India located?
a. Bombay
b. Batavia
c. Calicut
d. Madras
 e. Pondicherry
Who designed the Dome of Saint Peter’s
Basilica in Rome?
a. Filippo Brunelleschi
b. Masaccio
c. Leonardo da Vinci
d. Donatello
e. Michaelangelo
When asked what he wanted when he
landed in Calicut, who said, “Christians
and spices”?
a. Christopher Colombus
 b. Vasco da Gama
c. Pero Alvares Cabral
d. Ferdinand Magellan
e. Bartholomew Dias
Who published the first Greek Translation
of the New Testament in Western Europe
in 1516?
 a. Erasmus
b. Martin Luther
c. Leonardo da Vinci
d. Petrarch
e. Dom Henrique
Name this painting and its painter
The Mona Lisa by
Leonardo da Vinci
Which does NOT apply?
a)
two dimensional
b) three dimensional
c) Lifelike
d) perspective
What was the name given to the territory held by the
popes in Central Italy?
The Papal States
What is a fireplace, with or without an oven, used for
heating and originally also for cooking called?
Hearth
Where in Europe did the Renaissance begin?
Northern Italy
Who was the Admiral of the Western Seas?
Zheng He
Whose marriage achieved Spanish state building?
Ferdinand and Isabella
Which enemy did the Spanish admire by
calling him El Draque (The Dragon)?
a. James Cook
b. Zheng He
c. Rabban Bar Sauma
 d. Francis Drake
e. Dom Henrique
Which one of the following was not a
common result of the bubonic plague?
a. A decline in trade
b. A decline in worker’s wages
c. A decline in population
d. A decline in peasant rebellions caused by
efforts to freeze wages
In 1358, as a result of the Bubonic Plague,
what revolt broke out in France as peasants
attacked the nobility and looted their castles
to demand higher wages?
a. Les Très Riches Heures
b. Caffa
c. Hearth
d. Sao Tome
e. Jacquerie
The Yongle Encyclopedia
a.signified a radical break with the past.
b.is the only direct historical evidence
remaining that catalogued the journeys
of Zheng He.
c.firmly entrenched the Yuan traditions in
Chinese history.
d.represented the Ming rulers' interest in
 supporting native Chinese cultural
traditions.
Which of the following places DID NOT
receive the full brunt of the Bubonic
Plague?
a. Alexandria, Egypt
b. Beijing, China
 c. Delhi, India
d. Constantinople
e. Mecca and Baghdad
Name this
sculpture and
the sculptor
The Pieta
By
Michaelangelo
Who was the Uighur – Nestorian - Christian
priest, born in Beijing, who became an envoy
to Europe for the Ilkhan of Persia and met the
Byzantine Emperor, the Pope and the kings of
France and England?
a. Ibn Battuta
b. John of Montecorvino
a. Wat Tyler
b. Rabban Bar Sauma
Which of the following was NOT a result of the
Little Ice Age?
a. Timbuktu was flooded at least 13 times by the
Niger River.
b. In Northern Europe, agricultural production
declined sharply and led to famines
c. In North America, Native American groups
 dispersed as famines became more common.
d. Viking colonies in Greenland died out.
What was the center of Spanish commercial
activity in the Pacific Ocean?
a. Alexandria, Egypt
b. Beijing, China
c. San Salvador
d. Pondicherry
e. Manila
What were the three great missionary religions?
Islam, Buddhism and Christianity
What does Volta do Mar mean?
Return through the Sea
How did this strategy work?
The Volta do Mar used prevailing winds to sail by an
indirect route to a far away destination in a faster
manner than by a direct route.
Give an example
In order to sail to India, sailors would south west to
the coast of Brazil and then south east to the horn
of Africa and then north east to India.
What was the most prosperous country in
Europe during the seventeenth century?
 a. The Netherlands
b. England
c. France
d. Spain
Why?
Because the Dutch controlled a vast economic
empire in the East Indies
What is this device called?
An Astrolabe
What was its function?
To tell latitude
Who launched Portugal on
its mission of Evangelism
and Profit?
Prince Henry the Navigator
Who was the first European to sail around the Cape of
Good Hope?
Bartholomew Dias
Where is the Cape of Good Hope located?
At the southern tip of Africa
Who were the native people of Siberia?
The Yakut
Who named the Pacific Ocean and died during a
rebellion in the Philippines? Ferdinand Magellan
Why did Prince Henry and the Portuguese venture out
into the Atlantic?
Profit and Evangelism. They wanted to cultivate
sugarcane and spread the Christian Gospel
Why was Captain James Cook important?
Cook finally gave European geographers a
reasonably accurate geographic knowledge of the
Pacific.
Of the following which two did Hongwu and his
successors rely upon to carry out imperial
policy?
a. Scholar Bureaucrats
b. War Lords
√ c. Mandarins
√ d. Eunuchs
e. Court Priests
What was the advantage of Lateen Sails?
a. They allowed for faster travel than anything
available in the Islamic world.
b. They were more efficient at catching the force
 of wind in cross winds.
c. They were so colorful that they could be seen
from many miles away.
d. They allowed a ship to take full advantage of a
wind blowing from behind.