Transcript Chp 19 Napoleon - Birmingham Public Schools

Chapter 19
Napoleonic Europe
France & war
1st and 2nd Coalition both defeated
1st Austria and Prussia too worried about:
each other
Russia
dividing Poland
Breaks up in 1795
2nd Coalition – 1799
Ends with treaties with Austria and
England
Napoleon uses peace to further other
plans
Sends troop to Haiti
-stop rebellion of L’Ouverture
-revive French empire in America
Sets up Cisalpine Republic in Italy
Toussaint
L’Ouverture
Shame of the Princes
Scramble among German princes to
absorb smaller areas in German state
Get permission from Napoleon
Number of German states reduced
Napoleon gives up on his American
dream
Army in Haiti destroyed by disease
Sells Louisiana to the US
England forms 3rd Coalition with
Austria and Russia
Tsar Alexander I of
Russia
Grandson of
Catherine the Great
Alexander is raised as a enlightened
despot
Wants to restore Poland with himself as
constitutional monarch
Sees himself as the enlightened
alternative to Napoleon
Napoleon has ideas about invading
England
Hopes his navy can occupy or damage
the Royal Navy enough for troops to
get across and attack the lightly
defended island
Protecting England is:
Austrian & Russian armies who move
west forcing Napoleon to send troops
east-defeats Austrians at Ulm
Royal Navy
Instead of the French/Spanish fleet
damaging the British, Admiral
Horatio Nelson attacks with a
smaller fleet at Trafalgar, off the
coast of Spain
Nelson wins the most famous victory
in naval history
Napoleon has continued success
against his other foes
Defeats a combined
Russian/Austrian army
Sets up the Kingdom of Italy and the
Confederation of the Rhine
Prussia worried they are losing
influence-decides to go to war
against Napoleon alone
Defeated at the battles of Jena and
Auerstadt
Tsar Alexander is starting to worry
Willing to meet with Napoleon to
make a deal
Meet on a raft in the Nieman River
Treaty of Tilsit 1807
France and Russia allied against
England
Alexander accepts France’s
territorial gains and Napoleon’s role
as the unofficial emperor of the
West
Problem:
Napoleon wants to defeat England
but can’t get to their island
Possible solution:
Economic warfare
Napoleon would use
political control of
Europe to shut out
British goods and ships
from all European ports
Hopes this will cause:
Overloaded warehouses
Unemployment
Bank runs
Government would have less money
coming in
can’t keep up navy
can’t give support to countries in
Europe
The Berlin Decree
or
THE CONTINENTAL SYSTEM
Requires Prussia and Russia to
follow it in the Treaty of Tilsit
Orders 2 neutral countries,
Denmark & Portugal to follow the
new system
Portugal refuses and is invaded
Only coastal area left is Spain
Maneuvers king out
and replaces him with
brother Joseph
1st real mistake for
Napoleon
Spanish see Napoleon and troops
as evil
A guerrilla war starts
England sends troops under
General Arthur Wellesley
Arthur
Wellesley
The Duke of
Wellington
“The Iron
Duke”
Wellington on
campaign
He often wore
the uniform of the
Hatfield Hunt
from the
Gascoyne-Cecil
family
Wellington
by
Francisco
Goya
The Third of May,1808
English army & Spanish /Portuguese
forces win some victories
Raises hopes for nations in Europe
Alex I unhappy because Napoleon
put together the Garnd Duchy of
Warsaw, blocking Alex’s plans
Napoleon doing nothing to support
Alex’s designs on the Balkans
1809 Austria declares war of
liberation
*German States won’t help
*Russia just watches
Austria gets spanked
Napoleon takes land away from
Austria and gives some to the
Grand Duchy of Warsaw and
some to create the Illyrian
Provinces
After defeat, Austria makes changes
Foreign policy now run be Clemens
von Metternich
Gets on Napoleon’s good side
Napoleon worried about the lack of
heir
Decides to get a new wife
Wants:
younger
Have kids
make an impressive statement
Selects Marie
Louise of Austria
18 year old
daughter the
Emperor of
Austria
Niece of Marie
Antoinette
1810 the Empire is at its height
The French empire includes:
•France
•Belgium
•Left Bank of the Rhine
•Illyrian Provinces
Holland become part of France
after he takes it away from his
brother
Dependent states:
•Grand Duchy of Warsaw
•Confederation of the Rhine
Napoleon’s family
Louis Bonaparte
Joseph
Bonaparte
King
of
Holland
Caroline
Bonaparte
Jerome
Bonaparte
King
of Naples,
Queen
of
Naples
KingofofSpain
Westphalia
King
Joseph
King of Naples
and Spain
Jerome
King of
Westphalia
Nationalistic movements develop in
Europe because of Napoleon
Spain-hatred of France and desire
to restore Church helps to unite the
people
Germany-rise against Napoleon and
the French cultural influence
A period of great cultural
achievement in Germany
Romanticism
Ludwig
van
Beethoven
Johann von
Goethe
Georg Hegel
Immanuel
Kant
J. G. Herder
Ideas on
Philosophy of the
History of Man
While German culture is different
from French it is no less worthy of
respect
A civilization must express a
national character or:
Volkgeist
After defeats by Napoleon, Prussia
reforms government and army
Abolishes serfdom
Reforms give peasants legal status
and freedom but also increases
position of Junkers
December 31, 1810
Russia withdraws from the
Continental System-resumes trade
w/England
Napoleon decides to crush the tsar
Invades June 1812
Enters Moscow September 14
*on fire
*no supplies
*troops spread out
*Russian army near by
Napoleon must retreat over same
path he entered
Can’t live off the land
Of 611,000 men who started:
400,000 died
100,000 prisoners
With Napoleon hurt, all countries
gather for the kill
Russians move west
Prussia and Austria join Allies
Wellington crosses the Pyrenees
Battle of Leipzig or Battle of Nations
Napoleon defeated at Battle of Leipzig
Napoleon abdicates
Louis XVIII is placed on throne
Issues constitutional charter that
keeps many of the changes of the
revolution
Congress of Vienna
Key issues:
Control of France
Build a barrier of states
Restore legitimate rulers in France,
Spain and Portugal
German states-39 including Austria
and Prussia
Poland-Alexander wants it restored
Have a reduced Poland that only
lasts for 15 years
Napoleon meets Wellington
aided by Blucher at Waterloo in
Belgium
Wellington wins
Peace of Vienna is a success:
*little resentment in France since it is
not too harsh
*ends conflict over colonies for next
60-70 years
*Poland control and Austria/Prussia
conflict cooled for next 40 years
Peace is a failure
*does nothing for liberals and the
ideals of democracy
*moves people from government to
government w/o their consent
Both will result in the Revolutions of
1848
Romanticism was a theory of
literature & art that was a
reaction against rationalism
Romantics
rejected classical
rules and rational
order
Believe in:
Emotional exuberance
Unrestrained imagination
Spontaneity
Original/creative genius no rules
could contain
Lived lives of emotional intensity
Often lived Bohemian lives outside
of the conventions of society
Romantics embrace nature while
classicism ignored it
For oft, on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude:
And then my heart with pleasure
fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
Daffodils, Wordsworth
William
Wordsworth
Wordsworth fears that growing
older and urban living corrupts
and deadens the imagination
“The things which I have seen I
now can see no more”
William Wordsworth along with
Samuel Coleridge abandon
classical style of poetry
Use ordinary speech to give
simple objects greater glory
Together publish Lyrical Ballards
Lord Byron – poet
Among his works is Don Juan
Lived the romantic life with
numerous, scandalous affairs
Lord Byron
On of Byron’s
first “friends”
Lady Caroline
Lamb called
Byron “mad, bad,
and dangerous to
know”
Byron died after
contracting a
disease while
fighting for
Greek
independence
Percy & Mary
Shelley
Percy Shelley – poet
Besides poetry which is very
popular with the next several
generations of poets, Shelley is
known for:
Atheist view
Support of vegetarian diet
Shelley’s writings on nonviolence on
political protest are read by:
Mary Shelley
During rainy vacation, a group sits
around and discusses what are the
most disturbing concepts
Each will write on this topic
Mary writes The Modern Promtheus
Frankenstein
Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin
Becomes a Baroness by marriage
Leaves her husband and takes the
kids to Paris to become a writer
To get her work accepted she
writes under the name George
Sand
She wrote novels, literary
criticism and social essays
George
Sand
Amantine
Dupin
She ignored social convention by
wearing men’s clothing and smoking
in public
She had several public affairs
including one with Chopin.
Victor Hugo
Within his country he is
considered one of the greatest
French poets
Outside of France he is better
known fro his novels
Victor
Hugo
His first novel was The Hunchback
of Notre-Dame 1829
He wanted to write a novel of social
injustice and misery
Takes him 17 years to complete it
Les Misarables
Cosette
illustration from
the original
publication
Johann
Wolfgang
von Goethe
Goethe is both a Romantic and
critical of the movement
His greatest work is Faust about a
man who makes a deal with the
devil
Music
Romantic composers enlarge the
size of the orchestra
They wrote music with greater
range and intensity than before
Franz
Schubert
Franz Liszt
Fredric Chopin
Ludwig van
Beethoven
Johannes
Brahms
Felix
Mendelssohn
Giuseppe
Verdi
Gioachino
Rossini
Pyotr Ilyich
Tchaikovsky
Johann
Strauss
Richard
Wagner
Richard
Strauss
ART
Eugene
Delacroix
Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople
The Lion Hunt
Chopin
Sand
Christ on the Lake Gennesaret
John
Constable
Flatford Mill
The
Glebe
Farm