New Imperialism
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Transcript New Imperialism
The New Imperialism
1800-1914
Chapter 24
24-1 A Western Dominated World
The New Imperialism and its
Causes
Not the first time in 1800s
Americas, not in Asia or Africa
Industrial Revolution fueled it
Economic
Interests
Rubber, petroleum, manganese,
and palm oil
Political
and Military Interests
Bases
prestige
Humanitarian
“little brothers”
Medicine, law, Christianity
Social
Goals
Darwinism
Racial superiority
The Success of Western
Imperialism
Weakness
of Nonwestern States
Draining effect of slave trade had undermined
established empires
Not strong enough
Western
Advantages:
Resistance
Reform culture
Nationalist movements to expel imperialists
Criticism
at Home
Why would someone be against imperialism?
Forms of Imperial Rule
Direct v. indirect rule
• France v. England
Colonies
Protectorates
Spheres
of Influence
24-2 The Partition of Africa
Africa in the Early 1800s
North Africa
Slavery, ivory, copper
Southern Africa
jihad
East Africa
Close ties to Islam; declining Ottoman
West Africa
Diverse
Shaka Zulu
The Slave Trade
Outlawed in West
Sierra Leone and Liberia
European Contacts Increase
• Medicine, steamships
Explorers
Niger, the Nile, Congo
Missionaries
Children in need of guidance
A Scramble for Colonies
King Leopold II of Belgium spoke of a civilized
mission to carry the light “that for millions of
men still plunged in barbarism will be the
dawn of a better era.” --Privately, he dreamed
of conquest and profit.
Sent troops to Congo setting off other
European nations to rival claims of region.
Berlin Conference
1884, no Africans
Horrors in the Congo
Forced labor
Brutalizing villagers
Beatings
Population
French Expansion
Tunisia, West and Central Africa
As big as the continental ___
Britain
Takes Its Share
Clashed with Boars
By 1910, the British
formed the Union of
South Africa
Others Join the Scramble
Portugal, Germany, Spanish, Italy, France,
Belgium
Africans Resist Imperialism
Ethiopia
Survives
How was King Menelik II able to preserve
Ethiopia?
Liberia
24-3 European Challenges to the
Muslim World
Stresses in the Muslim World
The Muslim world extended from western
Africa to Southeast Asia. In the 1500s, three
giant Muslim empires ruled much of this
world- the Mughals in ______, the Ottomans
in the __________, and the Safavids in ____.
Empires
in Decline
Weak central control
Internal conflict
Islamic
Reform Movement
European Imperialism
Sphere of influence
Special rights for Europeans
Problems for the Ottoman
European
states sought to benefit from the
slow crumbling of the Ottoman Empire.
Efforts to Westernize
Railroads
Education
Military
Pros and Cons
Young
Turks
Massacre
of Armenians
_______ caused Ottoman tension to grow
against Armenians, a minority Christian
people.
• Genocide
• Why?
• Result:
Egypt Seeks to Modernize
Muhammad
Ali
“father of modern Egypt”
Tax collection
Landholding system
Cotton production
Military
The
Suez Canal
In 1859, French entrepreneur, Ferdinand de
Lessps, organized a company to build the
Suez Canal.
• Europe to South and East Asia
• Egypt’s inability to pay debts led to…
Iran and the European Powers
Began
European reform in 1794 to 1925
Russia and Britain
Sphere of influence
Concessions
• Military troops in Iran
24-4 The British Take Over India
East India Company and Sepoy
Rebellion
Exploiting Indian Diversity
British Policies
Unification problems
weapons
Christianity
Caste system
sati
Causes of Discontent
Sepoys travel
Widows
Cartridges
Rebellion
and Aftermath
Massacre British
British torched villages
Rule of India shifts to ______.
More troops sent to India
British Colonial Rule
Ruled by viceroys
Justification
Unequal
partnership
Cotton, jute, coal
Unequal partnership,
favoring the British
Machine made textiles
Forced cash crops
Population
Growth and Famine
Benefits of British Rule
Different Views on Culture
Indian
Attitudes
Some Indians were impressed
• Ram Mohun Roy
Learn from the West
Caste, child marriage, sati, purdah
Western
Attitudes
Hinduism and Buddhism
“a single shelf of a good European library is
worth the whole native literature of India and
Arabia”
Indian Nationalism
Indian
National Congress
Supported self-rule but supported westernstyle modernization
Muslim
League
Muslims grew to resent _____ domination of
Congress party.
In 1906, Muslims formed the Muslim League.
Why?
24-5 China and the New
Imperialism
The Trade Issue
The Canton System
• China enjoyed a trade surplus
• Westerners had a trade deficit
The
Opium War
In the late 1700s England
was selling opium to China.
By 1839 China banned
the drug. Why?
Chinese easily defeated
Unequal
Treaties
Indemnity
Extraterritoriality
Missionaries
colonies
Internal Problems
Declining Qing dynasty
The Taiping Rebellion
Most devastating peasant revolt in history
“Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”
• Hong Xiuquan
• Wanted reform such as:
Effects
Depopulation
decentralization
Vulnerability
Reform Efforts
Disapproval of western missionaries
• Individual choice
Self Strengthening Movement
Ci Xi
Reform with help
War With Japan
Westernization led to Japanese
imperialism in 1894
Taiwan
Spheres of Influence
Open Door Policy
French, British, German
Hundred Days of Reform
Failed, why?
The Qing Dynasty Falls
Anger against Christian and foreigners
Discontent against foreign troops
Boxer
Uprising
1899 The Righteous Harmonious Fists
“foreign devils”
Aftermath
of Uprising
Reform
westernization
Three Principles of the People
Sun Yixian
• Nationalism
• Democracy
• livelihood
Birth of a Republic
Ci Xi dies in 1908
Sun Yixian named president
of Chinese republic
For the next 37 years, China
was at war internally or externally