Transcript INDIA AND VIETNAM…THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE

INDIA AND VIETNAM…
THE ROAD TO
INDEPENDENCE
SS7H3: The student will analyze
continuity and change in Asia
leading to the 21st century
VOCABULARY
Nationalism
Rowlatt Act
Civil Disobedience
Dominion
Vietminh League
Apartheid
Moral advantage
NATIONALISM
The belief that people should be loyal
to those with whom they share
common history, customs, origins,
and sometimes language or religion
INDIA
A feeling of nationalism began to happen in
India in the 1800s
The people began to be upset that their
country was under British rule and part of
the British colonial empire
They felt like 2nd class citizens in their own
country
Their best jobs and education were reserved for
the British
Indians grew fine cotton and were excellent
weavers; they were forced to sell their cotton to
the British and then had to buy the finished
cloth from British factories
INDIA
Two groups worked for the rights of
Indians: Indian National Congress (1885)
and the Muslim League (1906)
One of the early goals of both groups was
Indian independence from British control
During World War I many Indians fought
with the British hoping the British would
give them greater freedom
After the war nothing changed and those
Indians that protested were arrested
INDIA
Rowlatt Act gave the British the power
to send Indians to jail without a trial
1919 the British open fire on a large
gathering of Indians at Amritsar and
over 400 were killed and 1200
wounded
This Amritsar massacre made Indians
unite for complete independence
INDIA
Mohandas Gandhi urged Indians to refuse
to cooperate with British laws they felt were
unjust and to make sure they did nothing
violent during the protests (this is called
civil disobedience)
The boycotts began to hurt the British
economy and the Indians were arrested
and beaten; the Indians never responded
back with violence
INDIA
When WW II broke out, Great Britain
offered India dominion (control or the
exercise of control) over their country
if they would help them in the war
Gandhi and the Indians refused the
offer because it didn’t offer complete
independence; Gandhi urged the
Indians not to take sides in the war
INDIA
After the war, the British granted India
their independence; Lord Louis
Mountbatten divided the country into
Hindu and Muslim sections which made
the people unhappy
India was divided into 3 new countries
Hindu India would be in the center and the
largest
The Muslims countries would be along the
east and west Indian borders and would be
named East and West Pakistan
India became a Federal Republic
VIETNAM
Vietnam was another Asian country controlled by
a European country; Vietnam was controlled by
France
Vietnam at this time was called Indochina
Nationalism was a reason the people of Indochina
(Vietnam) wanted to stay free
They had worked hard to stay free from China to
their north
Ho Chi Minh worked for Vietnamese
independence from the French; he belonged to the
Communist party because the communist didn’t
believe in European colonialism
VIETNAM
When WWII began, Ho Chi Minh hoped it
would mean an end to the French rule in
Vietnam
He founded the Vietminh League and the
goal of the group was Vietnamese
independence
After WWII Ho Chi Minh and his forces
fought the French for their independence;
in 1954 the French surrendered control of
Vietnam to Ho Chi Minh because they
couldn’t get military control of the country
VIETNAM
The U.S. was worried that if Ho Chi
Minh ruled Vietnam, then other
countries around Vietnam would also
become communist
At the Geneva Conference in 1954,
the U.S. had Vietnam divided into 2
parts; Ho Chi Minh controlled the
north and the U.S. had control of the
south until the country could stabilize
and vote in a government
VIETNAM
The two parts of the country were to be reunited
after the elections in 2 years
As the years stretched out, the Vietnamese
became more anxious to be independent
Feelings of nationalism was more important than
which political system they should be
After many years of fighting and the loss of many
Americans and Vietnamese, the U.S. withdrew
from Vietnam in 1975; it was clear to the U.S. that
the Vietnamese wanted to control their own
country
The forces in North Vietnam took over the country
and the next day it became the Republic of
Vietnam; it was and still is a communist country