Transcript Chapter 25: Imperialism in Africa, Asia, and Pacific

Chapter 25: Imperialism in
Africa, Asia, and Pacific
Warm Up Chapter 24
1.
2.
3.
Who became the leader of Egypt after the
failure of the French, Mamluk, and the
Ottomon governments?
A. Gamal Nassar
B. Mohandas Gandhi
C. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
D. Muhammad Ali
The most persistent opponents of the
Ottoman reforms were the
A. Hereditary elites
B. Janissaries
C. Peasants and agriculturalists
D. Jesuits
The significance of the Crimean War was
that it
A. Marked the transition to modern warfare
with the use of breech loading rifles
B. Was the first war that utilized battalions
of African soldiers in Europe
C. Was the most destructive war in history
D. Marked a brief return to chivalry
4.
When Britain was unable to obtain enough tea to
meet its demands and China did not import British
goods, the British responded by
A. Starting the illicit trade of opium
B. Supporting the Bannerman to overthrow
C. Instigating the White Lotus Rebellion
D. Trying to destroy China’s production of silk
5. The British military advantage in the Opium War
was provided by
A. Poison gas attacks
B. New gunboats
C. Machine gun
D. Large numbers of troops
6. 3 problems with the Ottoman Empire
7. Why does Britain step in between Russia and the
Ottomans?
8. Explain the Decembrist Revolts:
9. How does Neo Confucianism shatter in China?
10. 2 impacts of the Treaty of Nanjing:
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJe1W_
HIWmA
 I. Changes and Exchanges in Africa
– A. New African States
– Drought causes conflict over farming and
grazing lands
– Shaka the leader of the Zulu kingdom uses
his military to expand his empire in Africa
– Surrounding countries created their own
states to protect themselves against Shaka
and the Zulu kingdom
– Muslim groups look to set up independent
states
– B. Modernization in Egypt and Ethiopia
– Muhammad Ali’s grandson Ismail continues
to westernize Egypt with money from the
British and French
– Ismail constructs railroads and moves the
capital to Cairo
– Britain and France set up banks in parts of
the country
– Ethiopian kings purchase European
weapons and make weapons locally
Ismail I
– C. European penetration
– In 1830 France invades Algeria and 18 years
later the French defeat Muslim resistance
– By 1870 130,000 Europeans have occupied
Algerian farmland
– David Livingstone arrives in Africa in 1841
and explores it for 30 years
– Henry Stanley is sent to find him and opens
up the Congo to European colonization
– The Congo divided between Belgium and
France
– The Congo Free State is not ruled by a
European country, but is instead claimed by
King Leopold II of Belgium
Livingstone
Stanley
Leopold II
– King Leopold and the Congo:
– Leopold creates a personal fortune by
exploiting the Congo
– Forces his subjects in the Congo to extract
rubber from the rubber trees
– Millions die due to overwork, disease, and
awful treatment
 The conditions were so bad that there was an
international outcry
– The other European powers made the Belgium
gov’t take control over the Congo in 1908
– D. Abolition and Legitimate Trade
– Africans expanded trade in gold after slave
trade diminished
– Britain and US prohibit citizens from
participating in slave trade
– Most successful new export was palm oil
– British took and made: soap, candles, and
lubricants
– Missionaries helped British set up Sierra
Leone and helped US set up Liberia
– Sierra Leone—British slaves
– Liberia—US slaves
Flag of Liberia
Jehudi Ashmun
 Sent by the US to
set up the colony of
Liberia for the free
black slaves
 II. India Under British Rule
– A. Company Men
– British, French, and Dutch establish hired
Indian troops (sepoys) to defend the trade
posts
– B. Raj and Rebellion
– British will reign over India and bring
reforms
– Cultural and political reforms still respecting
Indian customs and traditions
– British relied on sepoys to control warriors
and keep peace
Sepoys
 Sepoy Rebellion of 1857:
– Indian soldiers and peasants revolted
against the British rule
– The rebellion led to the dissolution of the
East India Company in 1858, and forced the
British to reorganize the army, the financial
system, and the administration in India. India
was thereafter directly governed by the
Crown in the new British reign.
– C. Political Reform and Industrial Impact
– The Indian rebellion was put down in 1858
and the British continued to rule from
London
– Sepoys could not control population so
British set up Indian Civil Service which now
controlled population
– ICS:
– open to all who passed exam but British
continued to controlled upper levels of
administration
– British built irrigation systems, railroads,
telegraph lines
– People began to move to cities and British
set up sewer lines
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yXKbd5I
DzU&feature=related
– D. Rising Indian Nationalism
– Indian people came together against the
British
– Indians realized that rebellion could not gain
control of India
– Turned to nationalism and unity by reducing
ethnic division
– 1885: the Indians convened their first Indian
National Congress

III. Britain’s Eastern Empire
– A. Colonies and Commerce
– British victory in Napoleonic Wars gives them
territory in South Africa, Southeast Asia, and
Caribbean
– Cape Colony was British supply line to India
– B. Imperial Policies and Shipping
– Britain is more interested in trade than territories
(free trade throughout empire)
– Africa, Asia, Pacific became exporters of raw
materials (stay incomplete industrialization)
– Impact of Iron on the shipping industry:
– Iron made ships better and larger, lowering
shipping costs
 Captain James Cook
surveyed New
Zealand and
Australian coast
 At first Australia was used by the British as a dump for
convicts
 Most criminal offences were punished by death or by a
fine and/or whipping. Transportation emerged during
the seventeenth century as a humane alternative to the
death penalty. Transportation was initially mainly to
America, but the outbreak of the American Revolution
in 1776 meant that this was no longer a possible
destination. Sentences of transportation were still
passed, but convicts were held in prison instead.
Naturally these soon became overcrowded, and extra
accommodation had to be provided in old ships (the
'hulks') moored in coastal waters.
 The solution to the crisis was to develop a new penal
colony and on 13 May 1787 the First Fleet set sail for
Australia, 6 transport ships, together with 2 warships
and 3 store-ships, taking 717 convicts of which 48 died
en route, arriving in January 1788 at Port Jackson.
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C. Colonization of Australia and New Zealand
Australia receives British settlers.
After gold is discovered in 1851 free
Europeans begin to settle Australia
British settlers are given power to rule by the
British crown
D. New Labor Migrations
Between 1834 to 1870 Britain continued to
take slaves for their colonies
With the stop of slaves lead to indentured
servants
Workers worked for a # of years in return for
passage, small salary, free housing, clothing,
and medical care