Transcript AFE_204_sevennewrecent2014

F I T N E S S
AFE 203
Nutrition through Life Cycle
LECTURE SEVEN
FOR LIFE
Pregnant Women

Increase fluid intake

Increased
Energy
–
extra
200
calories/day during last 3mnths

Increased Iron intake – form red blood
cells, babies iron store laid down during
pregnancy, last for 6mnths after birth
Pre-School / School Age Children

Children between 1-4yrs have high energy
and nutrient needs. Variable appetite
relating to fluctuations in growth rate

Important nutrients include; Calcium and
Vit. D, Fibre, Iron and Fluoride

Should avoid high fat, high salt and high
sugar food
Pre-School / School Age Children

From age 5, children should have a healthy
balanced diet as per Eatwell model

Children’s families exert most influence over
their eating and physical activity habits
Eatwell Model
Primary School Children

Continually growing and developing physically,
cognitively and emotionally

Children continue to develop eating and exercise
behaviours that affect their current and future
states of health

Although family exert most influence, other
external influences including; Teachers /
Coaches, Friends, Media, Ethnic group / religion.
Primary School Children

Iron deficiency problematic – include iron rich
foods eg. Meats, fortified breakfast cereals (Vit. C
to aid absorption)

Constipation problematic – fibre and fluids
encouraged, eg. Fruit and vegetables, wholegrain
breads and cereals

Calcium requirements should be met due to bone
formation; prevention of osteoporosis
Adolescents

Biological, psychosocial and cognitive changes
affect nutritional status

Rapid growth increases nutrient needs

Need for independence take control over their
food choices

Conform to peer pressure
Adolescents

Nutrient deficiencies common

Health-compromising eating behaviours

Need for calcium and Vitamin D to build
bone
density;
Iron
to
prevent
iron-
deficiency anaemia; Zinc for essential
mineral growth

Watch intake of high salt, high sugar and
fatty foods
Adults

Early = 21-39 yrs
Midlife = 40-59 yrs
Old Age = 60+ yrs

Important to develop beneficial nutritional and
lifestyle
choices
to
support
physical
mental health and well-being in old age
and
Adults

Reduce fat intake to 30% or less; limit saturated fats
to less than 10%; limit cholesterol to 300mg/day

Five or more portions of fruit and vegetables daily

Maintain moderate protein intake

Limit salt to less 6g/day (FSA, 2010)
Adults

Limit alcohol intake

Vitamin and mineral supplements in excess of RDA not
advised

Balance food intake and physical activity to maintain
normal weight

Main
health
cholesterol,
issues;
high
blood
obesity,
pressure,
inactivity,
high
prevention
diseases eg. CVD, cancer, should be of concern.
of
Older People

Some nutrients are of particular importance in
older people; fibre (constipation), calcium and
Vitamin D (fractures), Vitamin B12 and Iron
(anaemia)

Some specific nutrients may be needed in
increased amounts for individuals; eg. Protein and
zinc (wound healing)
Older People


Ill health and ageing process impacts on nutrition
Age-related body changes; decrease in muscle
mass, slower uptake of vitamin A, decline in
immune function, decreased absorption of certain
vitamins and minerals
Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the
amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood is too high
because the body cannot use it properly

Type 1 – Insulin dependent; develops if the body is
unable to produce any insulin (treated by insulin
injections and diet)

Type 2 – Non-insulin dependent; develops when
body can still produce some insulin, but not
enough, or when insulin that is produced doesn’t
work effectively (treated by diet alone, or diet and
tablets)
Diabetes

Diet for people with diabetes is a balanced healthy
diet, the same kind that is recommended for rest of
population
- low in fat, sugar and salt
- plenty of fruit and vegetables
- meals based on starchy foods, such as bread,
potatoes, cereals, pasta and rice

1.4 million people in UK have diabetes

Over ¾ people with diabetes have type 2
Food Intolerance (FI)

Food allergy and food intolerance are both types of
food sensitivity

Food allergy is when body identifies food as foreign
substance
and
triggers
abnormal
reaction
in
immune system

Food
intolerance
doesn’t
involve
the
immune
system and is generally not life-threatening. But if
someone eats a food that they are intolerant to, this
could make them feel ill or affect their long-term
health
Food Intolerance (FI)

Signs
(FI)
include;
headache,
swelling,
vomiting, diarrhoea, skin disorders

FI Caused by; milk, eggs, nuts, fish/shellfish,
wheat/flour,
chocolate,
artificial
colours,
pork/bacon, chicken, cheese

Essential to examine the label on any prepacked food
Determinants of Food Choice and Eating Patterns
throughout Life
Determinants of Food Choice and Eating Patterns throughout Life
LEDC – LESS ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED COUNTRY
MEDC – MORE ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED COUNTRY
Determinants of Food Choice and Eating Patterns throughout Life
Determinants of Food Choice and Eating Patterns throughout Life
Determinants of Food Choice and Eating Patterns throughout Life
Determinants of Food Choice and Eating Patterns throughout Life

Traditional Life cycle stages:

The term life cycles refers to the progression of stages through
which individuals and families proceed over time. In the United
States, the following stages are typical of the family life cycle
progression:

1. The Bachelor Stage: young, single people.
2. Newly Married Couples: young no children.
3. Full Nest I: young married couples with youngest child under
six
4. Full nest II: young married couples with youngest child 6 or
over
Determinants of Food Choice and Eating Patterns throughout Life

5. Full Nest III: older married couples with dependent children
6. Empty Nest I: older married couples with no children living
with them and household head in labor force.
7. Empty Nest II: older married couples with no children living
with them and household head retired.
8. Solitary Survivor I: older single people in labor force.
9. Solitary Survivor II: older retired single people.

Determinants of Food Choice and Eating Patterns throughout Life
Healthy Eating Myths
It doesn’t matter
what I eat as long as I
do lots of exercise.
Back to Introduction
Healthy Eating Myths
It doesn’t matter what I
eat as long as I do lots of
exercise.
Wrong! Exercise is good
for you, but it still
matters what you eat.
Eating the right foods
means we can learn
better and exercise
better too!
Healthy Eating Myths
Chocolate is
bad for you!
Back to Introduction
Healthy Eating Myths
Chocolate is bad
for you!
It’s true that chocolate isn’t the
healthiest snack – but it isn’t
innately bad either! So, some
chocolate can be part of a
balanced diet. Plain (dark)
chocolate is better for you; it is
higher in iron.
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