Transcript Absolutism - Scaggs` World History

Absolutism:
Spain’s Power and European Absolutism
p. 589-595
1. What conditions are necessary for a
monarch to gain power?
2. What is the importance of England’s defeat
of the Spanish Armada?
3. Look at the chart on p. 594. Why do you
think absolute rulers would control social
gatherings?
4. Why did absolute monarchs believe that
they were justified in exercising absolute
power?
Notes : Spain’s Empire &
European Absolutism
Charles V – Holy Roman Empire
brother : Ferdinand
Holy Roman Empire
/Austria
son : Philip II
Spain & colonies
Philip II
• Took over Portugal and colonies
• Failed to successfully conquer England (1588 –
defeat of armada)
• Spain strong!! – Wealth from Americas
– Caused inflation (price of goods increases)
– Bought goods from other lands
(enemies make $$)
Spain loses land
• Seven provinces : Spanish Netherlands
– High taxes
– Protestant (Spanish Catholic)
• Declared Independence : Dutch republic
– Religious tolerance
– Trading empire – largest merchant fleet
– Most important bankers in Europe
Absolute Monarchs in Control
• Philip II – complete control over Spain
• Church power weakened – allowed for one
ruler
• End conflict by increasing Absolute Power
- France
Vocab
Reading
• Complete Matching
Chapter 21 Vocab.
• Read about Louis XIV
advice to his son.
• Write on your paper.
Turn in Vocab and
your answers when
done.
• Write a short
response explaining
at least three pieces
of advice he gave his
son.
The Reign of Louis XIV
Use textbook pg 598 – Warm-up
1. What steps did Jean Baptiste Colbert take to
turn France into an economic power?
2. In what ways did Louis XIV support the arts?
3. Why did Louis fail in his attempts to expand
the French Empire?
4. What was the legacy of Louis XIV?
NOTES :
European Monarchs Clash
• War of Spanish Succession
– France ruled by Louis XIV
– Spanish King Charles II died – promised
thrown to grandson of Louis XIV – Philip of
Anjou
** Spain & France ruled by Bourbon
dynasty
– Other countries felt threatened due to
increase in power – England, Austria,
Dutch, Portugal & German and Italian
countries banded together to stop uniting
of thrones.
Spanish Succession : Aftermath
(Great Britain gets in on colonization)
• War lasted 13 years
– Treaty of Utrecht – Grandson remained king but
thrones could not unite (France & Spain)
– Great Britain took Gibraltar – fortress controlled
Mediterranean Sea.
– G. Britain also granted asiento – permission to
send slaves to Spanish American colonies.
– France gave G.B. Nova Scotia & Newfoundland
(Canada)
Thirty Years War
• Protestants and Catholics formed
leagues to protect their religions :
– Protestant Union
– Catholic League
Thirty Years War
• Ferdinand II – Holy Roman Emperor &
head of Hapsburg Family (Catholic)
– Ruled Bohemia – Protestant followers
– Didn’t trust Ferdinand
(he closed Protestant Churches)
– REVOLT! – Ferdinand sent troops to stop
protest.
• German Protestant princes took this chance to
challenge Catholic emperor.
Thirty Years War
Hapsburg Triumphs
Hapsburg Defeats
First 12 years
Austria & Spain armies
stopped Protestant troops.
Czech uprising.
Protestant Adolphus of
Sweden drove Hapsburgs
from Germany.
Troops paid by pillaging &
plunder German villages.
Cardinal Richelieu & Mazarin
(Louis XIV) ruled end of
war. French joined
German & Swedish to
defeat Hapsburgs
Peace of Westphalia
• Germany devastated : 4 million
population decrease; trade, agriculture,
economy ruined.
• Treaty:
– Weakened Spain & Austria
– Strengthened France (got Germany)
– Ended religious wars
– New method of peace : Negotiation
Review :
Louis XIV & European Monarchs
COMPLETE SENTENCES
1. Who was Louis XIV? How did he rule?
(Describe three ways)
2. Who was to takeover the Spanish throne
after Charles II? Why was this
concerning to other European countries?
3. Why were Catholics and Protestants
fighting during the Thirty Years War?
4. Describe Peace of Westphalia. How did
it end the war?
Downward Spiral to the French
Revolution
• Old Regime - Divided France into Social
Classes (Estates)
– 2 Priviledged Estates - access to high
offices, exempt from taxes
• 1. Roman Catholic Clergy. Owned 10% of
land in France. Provided education to poor.
Only contributed 2% of income to gov’t
• 2. Rich Nobles. 2% of population. Owned
20% of land and paid virtually no taxes.
1st & 2nd Estates:
• Looked down on Enlightenment ideas.
• WHY ??
• Threatened social class of privileged
persons
3rd Estate
• 97 % of population of France
• Three groups :
– Bourgeoisie - Middle Class : Bankers, factory
owners, merchants, professionals, artisans.
Educated & believed in enlightenment ideas
of liberty & equality. Paid high taxes & lacked
priviledges.
3rd Estate
• 2nd Group : workers
– Poorest class in France. Urban workers tradespeople, apprentices, laborers, servants.
Low wages, frequently without work.
– Think ‘Les Miserable’
3rd Estate
• 3rd Group : Peasants
– Largest group. Over 80% of 26 million people
in France. Half income gone to taxes, tithes,
or duties to nobles.
Forces of Change
• Enlightenment Thinking - 3rd Estate
inspired by American Revolution and ideas
to start a new government.
Demanded equality, liberty, and
democracy.
Economic Trouble in France
• Production and trade expanded, but taxes
imposed on merchants still made them
poor.
• Bad weather caused crop failure &
shortage of grain. Raised price of bread
(severely hurts low classes)
Weak leader in France
• Louis XVI - weak leader did not listen to
advisers.
• Marie Antoinette - Queen meddled in
government affairs. Royal family of
Austria (nemesis of France)
– Spent French money on her own wardrobe
Louis XVI Solution?
• Tax NOBLES!!
• Unhappy! Called meeting of
Estates - General: assembly of representatives
from all three estates to approve new taxes.
• READ p. 654 “Dawn of the Revolution” to see
how the lower class started standing up for
themselves in France. Write this on the
bottom of your notes!!
Review :
Causes of French Revolution
1. What percent of the population are not
included in the 1st or 2nd Estates?
2. Why were the Bourgeoisie upset about
being classified as the 3rd Estate?
3. How did the Enlightenment spark ideas of
Revolution?
4. What was Louis XVI’s plan to help the
French economy?
5. How did peasants take matters into their
own hands?
French Revolution:
Use p. 656 – 661 to create notes about the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Describe The Rights of Man.
How did National Assembly handle The StateControlled Church
What did Louis XVI do?
Cause & Effect : What was the new government the
National Assembly created, and what happened to
France because of it?
Briefly describe the French at War.
What did the Jacobins do to takeover? What
happened to Louis XVI?
Describe the reign of Robespierre.
How did Terror end?
French Revolution:
Causes:
Enlightenment
Finances
Louis XVI
Robespierre: Jacobin leader.
Wanted to wipe out French
past. Closed churches;
changed calendar to rid of
Sundays.
Control of the Church:
Church officials elected and
paid by state.
*Peasants opposed
Reign of Terror: protect
Revolution from enemies;
people who challenged
leadership. (40,000)
Jacobins : Political
organization held
government office. Editor of
newspaper preached death
to king’s supporters. Killed
Louis XVI for treason.
Instituted draft to fight other
countries: 300,000
End of Terror: National
Convention turned on
Robespierre and had him
beheaded.
New Government : Napoleon
leader of Army
NAPOLEON – A little man with a
BIG complex..
Napoleon Bonaparte –
*Led soldiers against opposition to
National Convention
*Invaded Italy to stop Austrian attack on
France
*Seized control of government and
stopped other European countries from
attacking
Napoleon’s Big Ideas for Gov’t
• Tax collection fair and orderly (steady $$)
• Removed dishonest government workers
• New public schools for ordinary citizens
• Gave church back some power
• New laws gave all the same rights. Took away
many individual rights such as free speech.
Napoleon’s Attempt at World Domination
• 1801 Attempt at taking over Haiti
– Gave up! Too many died in battle or from disease
• 1803 Sold Louisiana Purchase to U.S. – needed
money to fund conquests
• 1804 Named Emperor of France
• 1805 Only loss during European domination :
Battle of Trafalgar against British Navy.
Napoleon Crumbles (like a cookie)
Three mistakes
1. Ultimate Goal : Hurt Britain. How? TRADE!
 Stop all trade (secret European transfers)
 British blockade around Europe; economy weak!
2. Napoleon’s brother : King of Spain
 Spanish fought back
 300,000 French troops lost
3. Tried to Conquer Russia
 Marched to Moscow – city burned (no supplies)
 Freeze/Starve & march back to France
Napoleon goes DOWN
• Battle of Waterloo
– European countries attack and defeat
Napoleon!
– Sent to far-off island in Atlantic. Died in 1821
Congress in Vienna : Plan for
Peace
•
Led by Klemens von Metternich : 3 Goals
1. French would not attack again
2. Balance of power (no nation too strong)
3. Restore kings in charge of mother countries
•
Kings & princes reclaim thrones
–
–
no equal rights (Idea of French Revolution)
Spanish colonies revolted – won Independence