Transcript Frontier Feuds - Cloudfront.net

Frontier Feuds
4 wars erupted

Between 1689-1763

Conflict between the _________ and the
___________.
Louis XIV
King William’s War 1689-1697



One of Louis XIV’s many wars of expansion
in which he invaded the German Palatinate
What was expected to be a quick foray
lasted _______ years
Frontier Version started in America
King William’s War cont.


Louis XIV could spare little resources for
the French Canadians
What they lacked in resources they made
up for in leadership
Comte de Frontenac
Resourceful
Competent
Comte de Frontenac


Inflicted considerable damage and inflicted
fear among the English settlements
English had the advantage of numbers but
did not cooperate well with one another

A peace treaty was finally signed, but the
mutual hatred still continued
Queen Anne’s War 1702-1713



Louis XIV supported his Grandson as
Spanish king
England did not like this idea!
War started! Americans named this after
their reigning monarch Queen ______
Queen Anne
Queen Anne’s War cont.





War in America consisted of bloody and
sporadic fights
French and Indian allies responsible for
massacres
Queen Anne finally decided to help
She sent 5 regiments and a fleet
In 1710 Port Royal fell to the English


An attempt to take Quebec by the English
was a disastrous failure!
The treaty of Utrecht ended the fighting on
both sides of the Atlantic in 1713.
Indian Massacres
King George’s War 1743-1748



British access to the lucrative West Indies
trade as a result of the treaty of Utrecht
caused tensions with the Spanish.
War merged into a general European fight.
Truce declared in Europe in 1748


Both the British and the French were
seething over inconclusive and costly wars.
Rematch was set to start that would settle
old problems in America and create new
ones!
The French and
Indian War
1754-1763
French and Indian War





Started in America and spread to Europe
AKA The Seven Years’ War
War eventually saw Britain allied with
Prussia against
Austria, Russia, France, and Spain
With fighting on 3 continents it was perhaps
the first “World War”
Once upon a Time…
There once was a young man named
Georgie

Georgie was very smart and was a
surveyor of the relatively unsettled
Shenandoah Valley. He was kinda like the
French frontiersmen. But shhh… don’t tell
him!


The English thought that the French had
illegally entered THEIR land (Ohio Valley)
So General Dinwiddie ordered young
Georgie to clear the territory
On the way down Georgie and his men
surprised a small group of French soldiers
They fought
10 Frenchman were killed and the rest
were captured
The only problem… France and
Britain were supposed to be at peace!
A much larger force of French soldiers
and Indian warriors were waiting for
Georgie at the Forks of the Ohio river
at Fort Duquesne. He was scared!
Realizing that he was outnumbered,
Washington retreated! He quickly built
a fort to protect him and his soldiers! It
was named Fort Necessity.
The fort was ghetto! It was located in a low
area. The French soldiers were able to shoot
their arrows directly into the fort! Georgie and
his men surrendered!
The French let Georgie and his men
walk home, but only after he signed a
note of surrender.
The British weren’t happy and
repudiated Georgie’s note. Britain and
France went to war.
The two sides



France
Understood the
Indians/warfare
Practiced Guerilla
warfare



Outnumbered French
colonists 20 to 1
Roots in America
British Navy controlled
the waterway
Chief British Disadvantage


Lack of Unity
Albany of Congress



Met in NY in June 1754
Ben Franklin presented an Albany plan for
centralized rule
Many colonists opposed it because they feared
centralized political control more than they did
France
Make your own children’s story



Pick 2
Illustrating Braddock’s defeat, Pitt’s Plan,
Turnaround, or the Paths of Glory
Must have at least 5 pages per story
Braddock’s Defeat




English sent General Braddock to capture Fort
Duquesne
Joined by Washington who warned Braddock that
the French and Indians would not fight in the open
July 9, 1755, the French and Indians attacked.
English retreated and over half of the force was
killed or wounded.
Montcalm



French assigned
Commander Montcalm to
their American forces.
Talented solider and
commander
Destroyed two major
British outposts and drove
back the British attack on
the French Fort
Ticonderoga
Pitt’s Plan


William Pitt became Prime
Minister for England
Discarded old,
incompetent commanders
and replaced them with
young, energetic soldiers
who would lead the army
to victory.
Turnaround




General James Wolfe was
a talented commander
Government entrusted
Wolfe with the Quebec
campaign.
Methodically moved from
Philadelphia with a much
larger and well equipped
force.
French burned their fort
and retreated
The Paths of Glory






The Quebec campaign matched the two greatest
commanders-Montcalm and Wolfe
The French knew that if they could simple hold out against
the British the bitter Canadian winter would force them to
retreat.
Wolfe devised a plan to capture the city. The British Navy
sailed up and down the St. Lawrence river, confusing the
French.
When they landed on the Plains of Abraham Montcalm
launched his forces at the enemy.
British won
Both Montcalm and Wolfe were mortally wounded
The Treaty of Paris



Fighting ended in 1760 in the colonies, and
1763 in Europe
Removed French influence
Eastern Canada and all of the territory east
of the Mississippi River went to Britain
Expense



The war cost Britain £140,000,000
Parliament wanted to station ten thousand troops
to protect against the Indians at a cost of
£350,000 a year.
Government thought the colonists should share in
the expense. When King George III came to the
throne in 1760, the government promised to keep
a closer eye on America!
Aftermath- Pontiac's War




A brilliant Ottawa Indian chief formed a
confederacy of Indian Tribes
Enraged by the Treaty of Paris, Pontiac and his
forces waged a war against Britain soldiers and
settlers from 1763-1766
8 of Britain’s 12 forts fell to the Indians, and
hundreds of lives were lost.
His confederacy eventually fell apart and he made
peace with the British
The Growing Rift
The American


A new person was
forming in the New
World! An American!
Ties started breaking
between the Old
World and the New
World
Important factors in breaking ties with
the Old World





Geography-Isolated by a vast ocean, colonists
were forced to fend for themselves
Private Ownership- a man who owned property
had a stake in society.
Diversity-Not everyone was British. When
tensions arose, loyalty to the crown was hardly
uniform.
Strength of Colonial self-government
Strength of American Troops
Taxes and Tensions


Americans were becoming more
independent
British wanted to gain greater control over
the direction and profitability of the Thirteen
Colonies. They thought that it was time to
“be an empire”
The Proclamation Line




In October 1763 Parliament established the
Proclamation Line
This forbade the colonists from settling
beyond the Appalachian Mountains
The British viewed line as a way to diminish
conflicts with the Indians
Americans denounced act and expansion
continued.
The Sugar Act (1764)


This act placed a tax (tariff) on goods
imported into the colonies, such as sugar,
molasses, and coffee.
Purpose was to raise revenue “for
defraying the expenses of defending,
protecting, and securing” the colonies
The Stamp Act (1765)



A revenue stamp required for newspapers,
diplomas, and a variety of legal and commercial
documents.
The Stamp Act was the first internal tax
The issue for Americans was not the amount of
tax, but the fact that they were being taxed
without their consent and that the traditional
power of the colonial legislatures was being
bypassed.
Col. Isaac Barre
Famous for saying
“caused the blood
of these sons of
liberty to recoil within
them.”
The Quartering Act (1765)


Passed just 2 days after the passing of the
Stamp Act
Officially subjected the colonists to a
standing army in times of peace and further
required the colonists help supply
provisions for them
The reaction of the colonists was largely
negative and was rooted in two issues:


Traditional fear of standing armies. The colonists generally
preferred to rely on militia units rather than formal armies.
Militiamen could be called for service during a particular crisis, then
disbanded when the fighting was concluded.
Cost. The cost of expenses for an army was no small matter for the
colonial assemblies. In the past when an attack by a foreign power
was imminent, they usually responded with the necessary
appropriations. However, in the mid-1760s most colonists no longer
feared the French. Many had concluded that the soldiers were
present for the purpose of assuring American compliance with
unpopular programs drafted in England
Taken from : http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h641.html
Colonial Opposition


Patrick Henry
Declared that the
Stamp Act was an act
of Tyranny
Townshend Acts



Proposed direct taxes on glass, paint,
paper, and tea.
Acts strengthened the writs of assistance,
general search warrants.
It was proposed that the revenue should go
to pay the salaries of the royal officals.