Transcript Continental System.

Map of Napoleon’s Empire, 1809
The Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 was the sale of 828,000
square miles of French territory to the United States for a
total of $15 million.
The Continental System
Napoleon waged an economic war against Britain.
He demanded a Europe-wide commercial boycott
of Britain, called the "Continental System."
The boycott created shortages in Europe, and was
ineffective because of Britain’s extensive colonies.
The British
Empire at its
height in 1897
spanned the
globe.
Napoleon Invaded Spain
Spain refused to comply with the Continental
System and allied itself with England.
Napoleon invaded Spain in 1808 and replaced its
king, Charles IV, with his own brother Joseph.
Joseph Bonaparte
Battle of Trafalgar
In 1805 Napoleon wanted to invade England.
The British navy, led by Admiral Lord Nelson,
decisively defeated the French navy at the Battle of
Trafalgar on October 21, ending Napoleon’s plans
for invasion.
Invasion of Russia
In 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia.
Unable to stop the advancing French army, the
Russians used a "scorched earth" policy, burning all
food and supplies behind them.
The advancing French army was unable to obtain
food from the land.
The Long Retreat to France
Alexander I ordered Moscow burned to the ground.
Without food or supplies, Napoleon was forced to retreat to
France.
Sickness, starvation, and combat with the Russian army
reduced his army to less than 10,000 men.
Napoleon: "Of the
fifty battles I have
fought, the most
terrible was that
before Moscow. The
French showed
themselves to be
worthy victors, and
the Russians can
rightly call
themselves
invincible."
The Sixth Coalition
The United Kingdom, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, Austria, Spain,
Portugal and a number of German states formed the Sixth
Coalition after Napoleon’s defeat in Russia.
The Battle of the Nations at Leipzig
Outnumbered two to one, Napoleon’s
unprepared, poorly trained army was defeated
With only 70,000 troops facing combined
coalition forces of up to 500,000, Napoleon
retreated further into France.
Defeat at Leipzig
Paris Falls, Napoleon Abdicates
The Sixth Coalition entered Paris on March 31,
1814.
Napoleon’s generals refused to lead his army into
Paris.
Napoleon surrendered throne unconditionally on
April 11.
He was exiled to the isle of Elba, retaining the
title of emperor.
Russian army in Paris
Restoration of Louis XVIII
The conquering
nations restored the
French Bourbon
monarchy and placed
Louis XVIII on the
throne as king of
France.
The Hundred Days
Napoleon left Elba and landed at Cannes on March 1, 1815.
He raised an army of up to 200,000 Frenchmen to restore
himself as emperor of France.
The United Kingdom, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, Austria, the
Netherlands and a number of German states formed the
Seventh Coalition against Napoleon’s forces.
This period is known as the Hundred Days and ended at the
Battle of Waterloo.
Prussia’s
Gebhard
Leberecht von
Blücher and
England’s Duke
of Wellington
defeated
Napoleon at
Waterloo.
Defeat at Waterloo, Belgium
Napoleon was defeated by the Duke of Wellington
and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher at Waterloo on
June 18, 1815.
Exile and Death
Napoleon was exiled to the remote island of St. Helena, 2000
miles off the coast of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean. He died on
May 5, 1821.
Cancer or Mystery?
Napoleon's Legacy
Revolutionary ideas were carried
throughout Europe.
Nationalism swept across the continent.
Scorched Earth Policy becomes popular
strategy.
Napoleon abolished titles of nobility and
weakened the European aristocracy.
Napoleon ended the special privileges of
the church.
The United States gained vast territory
through the Louisiana Purchase.
The Congress of Vienna
•The Congress of Vienna
• Peace meetings in Austria
•Purpose: to create a new European
order of security & stability
•“Great Powers:” Russia, Prussia,
Austria, Great Britain, France
• Austria, Prince Klemens von
Metternich, very influential
• GOALS
• Balance of Power: no
country could overpower
another, including France
• Prevent French
aggression by
surrounding it with
strong countries
• Restore Europe’s royal
families to throneslegitimacy
•Successful: 1st time an entire continent
cooperated to find peace
•
Actions of Congress of Vienna &
Concert
of
Europe
Actions
– Austrian Netherlands & Dutch Republic=Kingdom
of the Netherlands
– 39 German states joined to make German
Confederation controlled by Austria
– Switzerland recognized as independent nation
– And more…
• Concert of Europe (Metternich): nations would help each
other if revolutions broke out
• Too late
– Ideas of the Enlightenment, revolution, & democracy
had already spread throughout Europe (thanks
Napoleon )
– Nationalism (loyalty to your country, not king) spread
– Many more people around world revolt & declare
independence
Legacy Congress of Vienna
• Short term
– created time of peace in Europe that lasts
40 years
• Long Term
– Congress of Vienna influences world
politics for next 100 yrs
– Countries attempt to keep balance of
power by putting certain countries under
foreign control
• Spreads Nationalism (loyalty to your
country)
• Explodes into many more revolutions