Transcript revolution_powerpoint1

The Revolutionary
Period
Who founded
Jamestown?
• Virginia Company of
London
When was
Jamestown founded?
•1607
What was the first
permanent English
settlement in
North America?
•Jamestown
Where was the first
permanent French
settlement in
North America?
•Quebec
Who founded the first
permanent French
settlement in
North America?
• Samuel de Champlain
In what present-day
country was the
Quebec settlement
located?
•Canada
What was the economic
basis of France’s
colonial empire in
North America?
• Fur-trading
In the 18th century
what nation became
England’s chief rival
for colonial territory in
North America?
• France
What was the French and
Indian War called in
Europe?
• Seven Years’ War
Who were the two chief
opponents in the French
and Indian War?
• Great Britain
• France
Who won the
French and Indian War?
•The British
What was the main
result of the
French and Indian War?
• British drove the French out
of Canada and the territories
west of the Appalachian
Mountains
What did the
Proclamation of 1763
do?
• Prohibited the colonists
from settling west of the
Appalachian Mountains
What three things did
the British government
hope to achieve by the
Proclamation of 1763?
• Protect the friendly Indians
• Reduce conflict between the
Indians and the colonists
• Make it less expensive for
the British army to protect
the West
In order to win the war
against France, what was it
necessary for the British
government to do?
• British government
went into debt
What expenses did the
British government have
in North America?
• The cost of troops to protect
the American colonists from
Indian attacks
What is Parliament?
• Great Britain’s
lawmaking body
For what two reasons did
Parliament pass taxes on the
American colonies after the
French and Indian War?
• Huge war debt
• Cost of British troops to
protect the American
colonists
What was the
Sugar Act?
• Tax on French
molasses imported into
the American colonies
What is another name
for a customs duty?
• A tariff
What is a tariff?
• A tax on imported
goods
Were the British customs
duties the same thing as
tariffs or taxes on imports?
•Yes
What was the
Stamp Act?
• A tax on newspapers and
all legal documents issued
in the American colonies
Why did the American
colonists oppose both the
Sugar Act and the Stamp Act?
• Colonists believed only a
colony’s elected assembly
or lawmaking body could
lay taxes on that colony
What became a popular
slogan in the
American colonies?
• “No taxation without
representation!”
How did Parliament respond
to colonial resistance to
the Stamp Act?
• Repealed it
What does it mean to
repeal a law?
• Do away with it
• It is no longer a law.
What is revenue?
• Tax money
What were the
Townshend Acts?
• British laws that placed
customs duties or tariffs
on glass, paper, paint,
lead, and tea
How did the American
colonists react to the
Townshend Acts?
• Opposed them
• Said Parliament had no right
to tax the colonists, because
Americans had no
representation in Parliament
Were the American
colonists represented
in Parliament?
•No
What does a
legislative body do?
•Makes laws
How did Parliament
respond to American
opposition to the
Townshend Acts?
• Repealed all the duties,
except the tax on tea
What 1770 clash between
British troops and a Boston
mob resulted in the deaths of
five colonists?
• The Boston Massacre
What law gave a monopoly
over the American tea trade to
the financially struggling
British East Indian Company?
•The Tea Act
Why did Parliament pass the
Tea Act?
• Hoped American tea sales
would save the East India
Company from bankruptcy
Why did the American
colonists oppose the Tea Act?
• Thought it was a British
attempt to trick the colonists
into paying the Townshend
tax on tea
At what event did Bostonians
dress up like Indians and
throw East India Company tea
into Boston Harbor?
• The Boston Tea Party
How did Parliament respond
to the Boston Tea Party?
• Passed laws to punish the
people of Boston and the
colony of Massachusetts
To what meeting did all the 13
colonies, except Georgia,
send delegates to discuss
the actions of the
British government?
• First Continental Congress
Why was the First Continental
Congress important?
• It was the first time most of
the colonies had acted
together.
What were the members
of New England’s
militia called?
•Minutemen
Where did the
Revolutionary War
begin?
• Lexington and Concord,
Massachusetts
When did the
Revolutionary War begin?
•April, 1775
Who wrote the Declaration
of Independence?
• Thomas Jefferson
When did the Continental
Congress adopt the
Declaration of
Independence?
• July 4, 1776
What did the Declaration of
Independence do?
• Declared the 13 American
colonies to be independent
from Great Britain
Into what 3 groups did the
American colonists divide
during the American
Revolution?
• Patriots
• Tories or Loyalists
• Neutrals
What group of Americans
believed in complete
independence from England?
• Patriots
Who was Patrick Henry and
what did he say in his
famous speech?
• Patriot leader from Virginia
• “Give me liberty or give me
death!”
Which army was the
Continental Army?
•American Army
Which group of colonists
provided the soldiers for
the Continental Army?
•Patriots
What was another name
for the Loyalists?
•Tories
To whom did the Tories
remain loyal during the
Revolutionary War?
• Great Britain
Give 2 reasons why the
Tories remained loyal to
Great Britain.
• Close cultural and economic
ties
• American colonists should
be willing to pay taxes to
help pay the cost of British
troops, who were protecting
the Americans from Indian
attack.
Why did the Americans win
the war for independence?
• British government grew
tired of the war soon after
the French agreed to help
the Americans
What battle was the military
turning point of the
Revolutionary War?
• Battle of Saratoga
What happened at the
Battle of Saratoga?
• Americans defeated a major
British army at Saratoga,
New York.
What American negotiated
a treaty of alliance with
France in 1778?
• Benjamin Franklin
What does one call a formal
agreement between
two or more countries?
• A treaty
What does one call a treaty
of friendship between two
or more countries?
• An alliance
What does one call one
nation’s dealings with
foreign countries?
•Diplomacy
What action did France take
against Great Britain in
1778?
• Declared war on Britain
How did the British people’s
attitude towards the
Revolutionary War change, as
the war dragged on?
• The war lost popular
support in Great Britain.
Why was George
Washington a good
commander-in-chief of the
Continental Army?
• Avoided any situation that
threatened the destruction
of the American army
• Kept the army together,
when it looked like it faced
defeat early in the war
What nation gave the United
States the most help in
winning independence from
Great Britain?
• France
What happened at the
Battle of Yorktown?
• Americans under Washington
and the French under Lafayette
defeated the British army under
Lord Cornwallis
What two factors contributed
to the American victory in the
Revolutionary War?
• Diplomatic factors
• Military factors