Transcript French and Indian War (1754-1763)

French and Indian War
(1754-1763)
Starting in 1689 England and France engaged
in a series of wars for mastery in Europe, and
for commercial and colonial supremacy
throughout the world.
So basically the battles in the
colonies were part of a larger
struggle between England and
France for control of what?
World trade and power on the
seas.
`Beginnings
 In 1754 hostilities began when colonial
Virginia militia clashed with French forces
for control of the Ohio Valley. Initially, the
French won many victories.
► The
government in London decided to intervene in
the conflict. It was alarmed by the new forts the
French were building and by George Washington's
defeat at Fort Necessity. In the fall of 1754, Great
Britain appointed who as commander in chief of
the British forces in America?
General Edward Braddock
► While
Braddock believed he and his men would be
no match for the French and Native Americans this
was not the case. Gen. Braddock marched against
the French at Fort Duquesne. What happened?
►A
combined force of Native American
warriors and French troops ambushed the
British. The French and Native Americans
were hidden, firing from behind trees and
aiming at the bright uniforms.
► Braddock was killed, and the battle ended in
a bitter defeat for the British, who suffered
nearly 1,000 casualties.
►George
Washington was
able to save the men from
complete disaster.
Great Britain Prime Minister
William Pitt
► Pitt
knew how to pick skilled commanders.
He oversaw the war effort from London.
► To avoid having to deal with constant
arguments from the colonies about the cost
of the war, Pitt decided that Great Britain
would pay for supplies needed in the war—
no matter the cost.
► What did this lead to????
► Pitt
ran up an enormous debt. After the
French and Indian War, the British raised
the colonists' taxes to help pay this debt.
Pitt had only delayed the moment when the
colonists had to pay their share of the bill.
► This was not a popular decision.
Great Britain Prime Minister William
Pitt redoubles war effort with troops.
►
After a series of battles, the French were
defeated. The Treaty of Paris (1763)
eliminated France as a colonial power in N.
America. France ceded (1) to Spain: all
French territory west of the Mississippi, as
well as the city of New Orleans, and (2) to
Britain: Canada and all French territory east
of the Mississippi, except New Orleans.
Results of the French and Indian
War
► 1.
On the Colonies:
► The
American colonists were favorably
affected because they (a) gained selfconfidence and valuable military experience,
(b) saw the need for colonial unity, (c) had
the danger of attack by the French and
certain Indian tribes removed from their
frontiers and thus became less dependent
on the mother country.
Results of the French and Indian
War
► For
the Native Americans
► The
British raised the prices of their goods
and, unlike the French, refused to pay the
Native Americans for the use of their land.
► Worst of all, British settlers began moving
into the valleys of western Pennsylvania.
On Britain
► Concentrating
on wars against France,
Britain had followed a policy of “salutary
neglect.” She had permitted her American
colonies to exercise virtual self-government
and evade Britain’s mercantilist restrictions.
Now Britain was determined to change her
policy.
More results for Britain
► Britain
believed: (a) the colonists had not
cooperated sufficiently in the war against
France, (b) had gained much from the
victory over the French and the Indians, and
(c) should help pay for the cost of fighting
the war.
Britain’s New Policy For Colonial
America
► Starting
in 1763 the British government
adopted a new policy: 1. to place the
colonies under strict British political and
economic control, (2) to compel the
colonists to demonstrate respect for and
obedience to English laws, and (3) to make
the colonies bear their part of the cost of
maintaining the British Empire.
How do you think this will turn
out?????????