Transcript Philip II Augusts Part 2 - IB DP History Medieval Option

1180 –1223
Part 2
Philip II and the Plantagenent
Kings of England
Richard was a ruthless and dangerous rival for
Philip
Richard had failed to fulfill his promises to
marry Alice, Philip’s sister. This caused Philip
to demand that both she and her dowry, the
Norman Vexin, be returned to him.
There were problems also, after Geoffrey’s
death over the lordship of Brittany.
There were also problems concerning Toulouse.
Philip decided to make war on Henry.
Philip marched into Berry and besieged
Chateauroux.
Outcome?
A truce was made (Richard’s initiative)
and in 1188 both kings (Henry II and
Philip II) agreed to go on crusade.
Henry seemed to favour his youngest son,
John, over Richard
Philip exploited the family quarrel
Richard paid Philip homage for Henry II’s
continental lands (in France) and the two
became close allies.
They joined forces against Henry
overrunning Normandy, Maine and
Toulouse (by this time Henry was elderly
and sick)
July 1189 – Henry II met Richard and
Philip and conceded on all points:
Richard was to be his successor
The Angevins were to keep the Norman
Vexin
Philip was to retain his conquests in Berry
and to be recognised as suzerain of the
Auvergne
Two days after the meeting Henry II died
after hearing that his youngest son, John,
had rebelled against him.
Richard became king of England and
Philip’s vassal for Normandy, Maine,
Anjou, Touraine, Poitou and Aquitaine.
Richard’s military prowess was
formidable.
Philip was intent on reducing his great
power in the French kingdom.
Philip left his mother, Adela of Champagne and his
uncle, the archbishop of Reims as regents (his wife had
died shortly before).
In Sicily, en route to the Holy Land, the fragile
friendship betwen Richard and Philip broke down.
Again Richard refused to marry Philip’s sister, Alice.
Instead he made Berengaris of Navarre his wife – a
shrewd political move aimed probably to protect
Aquitaine and Gascony from the hostility of the
powerful count of Toulouse. Richard gained the support
of Tancred of Sicily and Philip, Count of Flanders.
Philip revised his agreement with Richard.
Richard paid Philip 10,000 marks and agreed to restore
Alice and the town of Gisors to him.
The Norman Vexin was to remain in Norman hands
unless he had no male heirs.
IF Richard had two sons, his lands were to be divided
between, and both were to hold their lands in France
directly from the French king.
Historical debate (historiography of the Angevin
Empire) . . . What do the historians say?
In the long-term, Philip hoped to divide the Plantagenet
lands. In the short-term he was ready to exploit the
rivalry of Richard and John.
This was the crusader’s first objective
The booty was divided and Philip returned to
France
Richard intended to carry on to Jerusalem
Philip of Alsace had died on crusade and
Philip’s regents had occupied Artois in the
name of Prince Louis. Péronne and SaintQuentin (the parts of Vermandois that Philip
of Alsace has been allowed in 1186) also
passed into the king’s hands.
Philip also reached a new agreement with the
countess of Beaumont. She renounced all claims
to the Arménois and a large portion of
Vermandois.
The rest, including the county of Saint-Quentin,
she was to hold as a fief from the king, to whom
it would pass on her death.
This agreement was opposed. By whom?
Baldwin of Flanders… but Philip’s gradual
build-up of lands and rights in northern France
continued.
Who was Richard captured by and why?
What role, did Philip possibly play in
Richard’s capture?
How did Philip profit from Richard’s
capture and imprisonment?
What happened on Richard’s release from
prison?
How did Richard consolidate his position
against Philip?
Won the support of the Counts of
Flanders and Boulogne (whose support
Philip had tried to secure).
In 1197 they attacked Philip’s lands in
northern France.
The king invaded Flanders in retaliaion
but nothing was settled.
Richard overran the Norman Vexin.
1197 a truce was arranged.
Richard strengthened his lines of defence,
building the Château Gaillard, modelled on
crusader castles and virtually impregnable.
1198 war started again. Philip driven out of the
French Vexin as well. At this time he
attempted to repudiate Ingeborg and this
resulted in disputes with the papacy.
1199 Truce arranged. Richard killed
unexpectedly in curbing the revolt of the
viscount of Limoges.
What was the affect of Richard’s death on
Philip?
A new rival came to the English throne –
Henry II’s youngest son, John.
What was John like?
Historical debate . . .what do the historians
say and how is John compared to his brother,
Richard?
What happened to Richard’s lands after
his death and following John’s
succession?
Was John supported as Richard’s
successor?
What did John’s mother, Eleanor of
Aquitaine do to support her son?
How did Philip respond to the death of
Richard and the succession of John?
End of Part 2
Philip II and the Plantagenet
Kings of England