Transcript The French Revolution & Napoleon

“
There are two levers for moving men –
interest and fear”

Napoleon Bonaparte
 EQ:



What caused the Fr. Revolution?
What was the Estate system?
Was it fair? Why? Why not?
 F.R.
causes handout
 Sample Pay Stub- Questions
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In 1789 French Society was very unequal
 There were 3 main classes of people, which
was referred to as the (Estate system)
 1ST Estate, 2nd Estate, and the third Estate
 What and who did each group consist of?


1st Estate
 Priviledged Class
 Clergy of the Catholic Church
 Owned 10% of the land in France
 Consisted of less than 1% of the population
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
2nd Estate
 Priviledged Class
 Rich Nobles
 Owned 20% of land in France
 Consisted of 2% of the population

The Third Estate
 Consisted of 98% of population
 Had no power to influence the government
 Frustrated by unfair system
 Both
the 1st and 2nd Estates rejected
Enlightenment ideas, while the 3rd
estate embraced them. Why?
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5

The Estates General – a
meeting of representatives
from all three estates.

Each estate met separately
with each group having one
vote



1st and 2nd Estate had 300
delegates each
3rd Estate had about 600
delegate
In 1789 Louis XVI called a
meeting of the Estates General
to discuss the poor French
Economy and Raise taxes.
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 During
the meeting the 3rd estate voiced
their concerns about the unfairness of
the system and proposed setting up a
constitutional government.
 June 17, 1789 the 3rd Estate voted to
call itself the National Assembly and
draft a constitution without the support
of the king or the other two estates.
 By doing this they proclaimed an end to
absolute monarchy and the beginning of
a representative government
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 Is
it legal for a man in California to marry his
widow’s sister? Why?
 EQ:


How did the Third Estate/ National Assembly
respond to their treatment by the king?
Why was Storming of the Bastille such a
significant event?
 Mari
Antoinette Reading
 Execution handout
 Guillotine – torture disc
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 Tennis
Court Oath – Members of the third estate
moved to a tennis court after they found that
they had been locked out of their building
 They promised not to leave until a new
constitution was written
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
Storming the Bastille –
July 14 – The king
threatens to use force
on the third estate Until
a mob overwhelms the
kings forces at the
Bastille – a prison that
stockpiled gunpowder


Became a great symbolic
act of the revolution
July 14 = July 4 in the
U.S.A
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 The
Great Fear – a
wave of panic that
spread throughout
France because of
widespread peasant
rebellions


Commoners broke into
Nobles homes – pillaged
The King and Queen left
Versailles
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
Declaration of the Rights
of Man



Reflected Enlightenment
ideas and the Declaration of
Independence
“Men are born free and
equal in rights
Political associations should
protect rights
“Liberty, Equality, and
Fraternity” became a
slogan of the Revolution.
 France became a
constitutional monarchy.

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 Because
neighboring countries were scared
that revolution might spread to their
countries, Austria went to war with France
 France was defeated
 The rise of the Sans- Culottes – literally mean
“without Breeches”, but actually referred to
those without fine clothes.
 This signaled a more radical and violent
stage of the revolution.
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 After
the King tried to escape France, he was
arrested and held prisoner
 In Sept. of 1792, The National Assembly
became the National Convention – which did
not share authority with the King
 On Jan. 21 1793 Louis XVI was beheaded on
the Guillotine
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 Invented
by
Frenchmen
 Killed Quick and
“humanely”
 During the Fr. Rev
tens of thousands
were executed at the
guillotine
 Other methods of
Execution? Torture?
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 “You

must lose a fly to catch a trout”
G. Herbert
 EQ:


How did Napoleon gain power?
What were Napoleons’ 3 mistakes that led the
downfall of his empire
 Napoleon
Movie
 Invasion of Russia Handout
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 The
Committee of Public Safety – was a
12 member body who was created by the
National Convention to protect the young
republic
 Maxmillian Robespierre - Controlled the
government by dominating the COPS
 Reign of Terror – term used to describe
Robespierre’s reign because so many were
executed (40,000)
 Robespierre himself was sent to the
Guillotine on July 28th, 1794
 The Directory takes over – an Executive
body of 5 men
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






Born in 1769 – Island of Corsica
Went to a French military
school at the age of 9
Joined the army during the
revolution
Became a national hero after
he defended the National
Convention from Royalist –
support the king
In 1796 the Directory placed
him in charge of the French
military
Nov. 9th 1799 Napoleon staged
a Coup de tat – overthrow of
the government.
Assumed dictator status
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
Napoleonic Code – A uniform set of
laws for France that eliminated a
lot of injustices under the
monarchy
 Set up more fair tax system
 Set up national bank
 Created lycees- Public Schools

Selling of Louisiana to the U.S.A
 Sold the territory for 15 million
 Wanted to focus on Europe
 Stronger U.S.A. would rival
Britain’s power
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He wanted to create a
French controlled
European empire and
spread the revolution.
 At the battle of
Austerlitz, Napoleon
crushed the 1st coalition
of Britain, Russia, Austria,
Sweden
 After Austerlitz Napoleon
controlled the largest
European Empire since
the Romans.

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1.
The Continental System –
purpose was to make
continental Europe more
self sufficient and hurt
Britain’s economy.

Called for a Blockade –
forcible closing of ports

Problems -smugglers,
allies disregarded
ordered, Britain in turn
ordered blockade of
France

Hurt Napoleon more b/c
Britain’s navy was
stronger
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2.
Peninsular War





1808 – 1813
Napoleon invaded Portugal b/c it was ignoring
the Cont. System
Spanish protested so, Napoleon removes
Spanish king and puts his brother on the
throne.
Spanish guerillas attack the French Army for 5
years
Napoleon lost 300,000 men and it severely
weakened the French army
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3.
Invasion of Russia

Russia retreated towards
Moscow and practiced
the Scorched Earth
Policy – burned grain
fields and livestock so
that the French couldn’t
live off of Russian
resources

Winter sets in and then
Russians attack

Disaster for Napoleon’s
army

Left Russian with 10,000
soldiers out of 400,000
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 DQ
– If you could change any law in the U.S.,
which law would you change and WHY??
 EQ


What was Napoleon’s fate?
What were the similarities/ differences of the
American and French Revolutions?
 Finish
Napoleon Movie
 Changes made by Napoleon handout
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The third Coalition of
Britain, Austria, Russia
and Prussia defeated
France.
 Napoleon was exiled to
Elba.
 He Escapes…
 Battle of Waterloo….
Duke of Wellington..
 Exiled to St. Helena
 Died of a stomach
ailment in 1821.

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French revolutionary stages
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 The
American revolution was more about
political rights and self government
 The French Revolution on the other hand,
was more about equality of the masses –
more a social revolution
 Both significantly changed World History
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 "One
of the most ablest of all talents is to
never use 2 words where only 1 will do“

-T.Jefferson
 Finish
movie if necessary
 ?The King and the Rev handout
 Ch 11 Test
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