Transcript French Rev.- Napoleon PowerPoint

The French Revolution
II
French Nationalism
and The Rise of
Napoleon Bonaparte
Constitution of 1795
Phase 3 -The Directory
 3rd constitution
 Moved away from radical ideas
 5 man directory 2 house legislature
 Suffrage for male property owners
 Emigres return and government starts
having problems again
Problems arise
 Directory faced growing discontent
 Peace made with Spain and Prussia
 Rising bread prices caused riots
 Revival of royalist feelings
People Return, conflict again
 Émigrés return
 Royalists return
 These people again fight for power in
gov’t.
 These and more food shortages threaten
France again
Nationalism
 Strong feeling of love for ones country
over another
 Arises From years of war and hardship
 France became a country in arms
 Very Militaristic
Napoleon Bonaparte
 Politicians turned to Napoleon Bonaparte
as chaos threatened the Directory
 Military Hero, great general
 Supported Revolution
– “Better to eat than be eaten”
 Was to be used by Politicians to meet their
goals in gov.
– Outwitted them all and became ruler
Napoleon Bonaparte
 In 1799 moved from general to politician
– Overthrew Directory and made the Consulate
(three man Board of which Napoleon was #1)
 Crowns himself emperor (1804)
– Invites pope to crown him (Takes crown from
pope’s hand and places it on his head himself)
– Each step of his rise to power he was
supported by the French people in a
vote(plebiscite) –why?
Emperor Napoleon
Believed in:
• Supporting the winning side
• A strong, stable central gov’t
• “If you wish to be a success in the
world, promise everything, deliver
nothing”
“Reforming” France –
Napoleon’s Policies
 Strengthened central gov’t
 Order, Security, and Efficiency replaced
Equality, Liberty, and Fraternity
– Social Ideas of the Rev’n??….gone
 Built roads and canals
 Encouraged Industry
 Controlled Prices of goods
 Public schools under gov. control
“Reforming France” -Napoleons
Policies
 Made peace with Catholic
church(concordant of 1891)
 Encouraged emigres to return as long as
they took an oath of loyalty
 Recognized peasants rights to land
Napoleonic Code (throughout
his conquered lands)
 Equality of all citizens
 Religious Toleration
 Abolition of feudalism
 Took away women's rights gained during
revolution
– Men had complete control over their wives
 Valued authority over individual rights
Napoleon’s Conquests
 Conquers much of Europe, placed friends
and family in power
 Success in war raised ideas of Nationalism
in France.
 Annexed or incorporated many countries
lands into his empire (Germany,Poland,
Italy, Spain, etc.)
Napoleon vs. Britain
 Napoleon tried to hurt G.B. through
Continental System
 Mostly naval battles
 British Attacks on American ships
triggered War of 1812
 French were unsuccessful
Conquests begin to Rebel
 People in conquered lands began to dislike
Napoleons policies
 French culture forced upon conquered
 Revolts in Spain
 Guerrilla warfare to battle French
Army..successful
 Other countries begin to rebel against
Napoleons rule
Disaster in Russia
 Napoleon assembles grand army(20
nations)
 Napoleon invades
 Russia retreats and burns everything as
they go (scorched earth policy)
 Russian winter destroys French Army
 560,000 out of 600,000 died
 Battle of Waterloo-N.B. crushed
Napoleon Exiled
 Napoleon sent to island of Elba
 Louis the XVII back in power
 People fear return to old ways
 Napoleon comes back with support of the
people
 Louis flees France
 Battle of Waterloo Napoleon is finally
crushed.
Congress of Vienna
 Leaders from Europe met
 To Restore peace & stability to Europe
 Protect Monarchy
 Put Louis XVII back on throne
 Quadruple Alliance (Britain, Austria,
Russia, Prussia) promised to protect each
other from uprisings.
The Impact of Napoleon
 Spread ideas of Nationalism across Europe
 Facilitated American Expansion
 Recreated European map
 Little-man complex
Test Essays
 Compare and Contrast the American and
French Revolutions. Also explain how the
Enlightenment influenced both events. (6
points)
Test Essays
 Napoleon Bonaparte claimed he was “The
Revolution on Horseback,” but many
claimed he was “The Corsican Crocodile.”
Explain how can each of these statements
be true. Which one do you agree more
with and why? (6 points)