Transcript power point 19

The War of the Fourth Coalition was precipitated by Austria
dropping out of the coalition after Austerlitz and Napoleon’s
transformation of central Germany into a French dominated
________________________in
Confederation of the Rhine July 1806 which caused
the Austrian emperor Francis II to abolish the Holy Roman
Empire. These actions created a Fourth Coalition and
Prussia declared War on Napoleon but Napoleon reacted
rapidly and crushed the Prussian army late in 1806 in twin
victories at __________________.
Jena and Auerstädt Two weeks after these
victories, Napoleon marched in Berlin (the Prussian captial)
and issued the ______________
Berlin Decrees which forbade his allies
from importing any British goods.
The Quadruple Alliance included all of the following
except:
Prussia
Austria
Great Britain
Russia
 Spain
__________was
the pope who was able to
Pius VII
work with Napoleon because of his ability to
think ahead of his times (outside the box). As a
cardinal he had written that Christianity was
compatible with the ideals of equality and
democracy. As a result, he was able to
The Concordat of 1801
negotiate ____________________
with Napoleon and later preside at Napoleon’s
coronation
In Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812), he
created a brooding, melancholy Romantic
hero. In Don Juan (1819), he wrote with ribald
(crude and offensive) humor, acknowledged
nature’s cruelty and beauty and even
expressed an admiration for city (urban) life.
Lord Byron
This poem tells the story of a sailor cursed for
killing an albatross. It deals with the sailor’s
crime against nature and God and raises issues
of guilt, punishment, penance and
redemption. At the end, the sailor discovers
the unity and beauty of all things. He repents
and the curse – symbolized by a dead
albatross hung around his neck – is taken
away.
The Rime of the Ancient
Mariner
The Critique of Pure Reason was written by
Hume
Pope Pius VII
Rousseau
Hegel
 Kant
In 1778, he published an influential essay On
the Knowing and Feelings of the Human Soul.
In it he rejected the explanation of the
universe in mechanical terms – so popular
among Enlightenment writers – and viewed
human beings and societies as organisms that
– like plants – that grew and developed over
time.
Johann Herder
During the Consulate (1799-1804) when he was First
Consul, Napoleon set about restoring peace and order.
Which of the following did he not do?
He used flattery, bribery and a general amnesty
He allowed many aristocrats to return and reclaim
some of their lost land
 He made peace with Jacobins and the Catholic
Church
He limited free speech and censored newspapers
To him, poetry was not a plaything but the highest of
human acts – mankind’s self-fulfillment in a
transcendental (or supernatural) world. He was
master of Gothic poems of the supernatural such as
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Kant the Categorical Imperative or
To ________,
human conscience was proof of mankind’s
natural freedom and the existence of God.
He first defended the Directory in Paris and was appointed
to take command the French army in Northern Italy where
the next year (1796) he drove the Austrians out of Italy at
the Battle of Lodi.
Napoleon Bonaparte
A person who engages in irregular (hit and run) warfare
especially as a member of an independent unit carrying
out harassment and sabotage is called a
Guerrilla
According to Hegel - At any given time, a set of ideas,
which are called the thesis hold sway; thesis can be
called a proposition or theory. Conflicting ideas,
which are called antithesis or a counter proposition,
challenge the thesis. As these propositions clash, a
___________ emerges that eventually becomes the
new thesis. Then the process begins all over again.
Synthesis
In 1798, Napoleon decided to invade Egypt in order to drive
out the British Fleet and
force the Russians out of the Ottoman territory
end the War of the First Coalition
destroy Ottoman authority in the Middle East.
 disrupt English trade and communications with India.
A sudden and illegal overthrow of a government is called a
Coup d’état
The professionals (doctors, lawyers) and rising capitalists
of the upper middle class were called the
Bourgeoisie
He gives his soul to the devil in exchange for greater
knowledge than any other human possesses.
Faust
In spite of her sins (drowning her child), she repents
before her execution and is received into heaven
Gretchen
How is Faust saved in spite of his pact with
Mephistopheles?
He vows to dedicate his life for the betterment of
mankind
In 1795, the chief threat to the Directory came from ________
_________who had returned to France and whose avowed
intent was to restore the monarchy and by early 1797, had
gained a majority in the National Legislature.
royalist émigrés
So in September, the Directory staged their own coup
d’état to preserve the republic and prevent a restoration of
the Bourbons. They made their own supporters legislators,
increased censorship and exiled some of their opponents.
Then they recalled __________ from Italy where he once
again brought order to the streets of Paris .
Napoleon
He was the Spanish king who became involved
in a dynastic dispute with his son Ferdinand VII
(1784-1833), in which he abdicated in favor of
his son. But Napoleon used it as an opportunity
to depose Ferdinand and make his brother
Joseph Bonaparte (1768-1844) king of Spain
Charles IV
They were inspired by Herder to travel and collect
folk tales first published as Children's and Household
Tales (Kinder- und Hausmärchen), was published in
1812.
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
He believed that all periods of history had
approximately the same value because by definition
each civilization was necessary for the achievement
of those that came later.
Hegel
Napoleon’s initial invasion of Egypt was a success but
the English admiral,___________________, destroyed
the French fleet at the Battle of Abukir Bay (sometimes
called the Battle of the Nile) on August 1st, which cut off
the French army from France and forcing Napoleon to
return home.
Lord Horatio Nelson
He was better known by his pen name Stendhal
and was the first Frenchman to call himself a
Romantic.
Henri Beyel
He and his Junker nobility feared and hated
reform but the humiliation at Jena created the
atmosphere where reforms came about despite
their opposition.
King Frederick William III of Prussia
The Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797
forced Napoleon to return from Egypt to France
 ended the War of the First Coalition
gave Austria much of Northern Italy
restored much prestige to the Papal States
He was an English Romantic poet who believed that
the artist’s imagination was God at work in the mind
and said that “the imagination was a repetition in
the finite mind of the eternal act of creation in the
infinite I AM.”
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
He was a brilliant and charismatic leader who in 1793 at the
age of twenty four forced the British to abandon the French
port of Toulon. He was wounded but promoted to the rank of
general. He was a fervent supporter of the revolution and
enjoyed the favor the Robespierre and the Committee of
Public Safety. During the Thermidorian Reaction of 1795,
he was at first put under house arrest but soon he was
released.
Napoleon Bonaparte
He rejected the old traditions but had little
sympathy the views of imagination pursued
by the Romantics. He was distrusted in
England and outside England he was seen
as a creature of the French Revolution. He
was a true rebel; he rejected the old
traditions, was divorced and had many
affairs. He championed the cause of
personal liberty
Lord Byron
He proposed a coup d’état by the Directory just at the time
Napoleon returned from Egypt. Napoleon was defeated in
Egypt but he ensured the success of his coup d’état .
 Abbé Sieyès
Louis Antoine Duke of Enghien
Henrich vom Stein
Joseph Bonaparte
He was perhaps the greatest German writer of
modern times and defies classification. Much of
his work is clearly part of Romantic genre; and
part was his condemnation of Romantic
excesses. The book that made his early
reputation was The Sorrows of Young Werther
published in 1774.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
He was the founder of Methodism and a priest in the
Church of England (Anglican) until he died.
John Wesley
When Napoleon pushed aside Sieyès and in December
of 1799, he issued the __________________________.
Although it paid lip service to universal male suffrage,
this document was complicated and placed the authority
to rule not in three consuls but in one consul, the First
Consul, t which Napoleon quickly assumed for himself.
Constitution of the Year VIII
Napoleon in many ways looked back to this first Roman
emperor, who hid his monarchy under the guise of old
Republican Rome. Nevertheless, Napoleon was more
dictatorial and is considered the first of the modern dictators
of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Charlemagne
Julius Caesar

Augustus
Constantine
He was the most important philosopher of the
Romantic period and perhaps one of the most
complicated and significant philosophers in the
history of Western Civilization.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Hegel also believed that all history – from age to age was found in the mind and purpose of a World Spirit
(sort of like God) and later called the
_____________.
Zeitgeist
The study of writing or speaking as a means of communication
or persuasion was called
Rhetoric
The word sublime comes from the Latin sublimen (uplifted
or elevated) and has come to mean
lofty, exalted, or awe-inspiring
He was a member of the Sturm und Drang
movement, who used the terms Romantic
and Gothic interchangeably. He sang the
praises of the German people (or Volk) and his
_________________Nationalism
turned away
Cultural
from the Enlightenment idea of a universal
understanding of the world.
Johann Herder
When Napoleon outmaneuvered Sieyès and got himself
elected First Consul under the Constitution of the Year VIII,
he ushered in the Consulate which lasted until Napoleon
emperor
crowned himself __________on
December 2nd 1804.
The rebirth of critical thinking during the Renaissance, the
growth of science, the emergence of the Philosophes and
Age of Enlightenment and the violence of the French
Revolution culminating the Age of Napoleon brought a
profound reaction, which was called:
Romanticism
Whereas Locke had understood knowledge to
be rooted in sensory experience alone, he
argued for the subjective character of human
knowledge. He believed that the human mind
did not simply reflect the world around it;
rather the human mind imposed itself on the
world of sensory experience “forms of
sensibility” and “categories of understanding.”
Immanuel Kant
The Bourgeoisie who supported Napoleon had not intention
of sharing their new privileges with the
émigrés (the old aristocracy)
peasants and others of the lower classes
professionals
monarchists
In 1800, Napoleon daringly crossed the Alps and won a
great victory at the __________________
Battle of Marengo driving Austria
out of the coalition by the Treaty of Luneville in 1801 –
and greatly strengthening his prestige as First Consul.
That left Great Britain fighting France alone until the
_______________in
Treaty of Amiens 1802 which brought peace to
Europe.
A group of people, groups, or countries who join together
for a common purpose is called a
Coalition
______________________
Klemens von Metternich was the Austrian
foreign minister and the guiding spirit of the
Congress of Vienna who led the congress in
dismantling Napoleon’s empire, redrawing
Europe’s national boundaries, returning
sovereignty to Europe’s royal families, and
creating a diplomatic order based on The
________________.
Balance of Power In other words, he tried to
return Europe to the status quo before the
year _______.
1789
In1789, he had written the manifesto of the Revolution:
What is the Third Estate? In 1799, as a member of the
Directory, he wanted an executive body independent of
elections and a government based on the principle of
confidence from below, power from above.
 Abbé Sieyès
Louis Antoine Duke of Enghien
Napoleon Bonaparte
Joseph Bonaparte
Along with Madame de Staël, he helped bring the
Romantic Movement to France. He will always be
immortalized in his 1862 novel Les Misérables
Victor Hugo
This pope, who condemned both the Civil
Constitution of the Clergy and the Declaration of the
Rights of Man and Citizen was driven into exile by the
French and died in exile in 1799.
Pius VI
Which of the following was NOT part of the Concordat of
1801?
The government nominated bishops but the popes
had the right to depose them.
 Catholicism was again made the state religion.
The Catholic Church gave up all its claims to
Church lands that were confiscated after 1790.
The government paid salaries to the clergy who
were required to swear allegiance to the state.
Kant believed that pure reason was limited and
Phenomenal World
could only measure the ______________
of sensory experience; but there also existed a
______________World
of moral and aesthetic
Noumenal
reality which can be known by practical reason
and conscience.
Kant believed that all human beings possessed an
innate [inborn] sense of moral duty or awareness
Categorical Imperative
of what he called the ______________________
that is, an inner command to act in every
situation as one would have all other people act
in the same situation.
Napoleon’s greatest blunder that cost him his throne and
his empire was
the Continental System
his crowing himself emperor of the French
 his invasion of Russia
the destruction of his fleet at Trafalgar
his divorcing his wife Josephine and marrying an
archduchess of Austria.
He engineered the Third Coalition in 1803 that culminated
in the battles at Austerlitz and Trafalgar
Frederick William III
Pope Pius VII
Joseph Bonaparte
 William Pitt the Younger
The Emperor Alexander I
This code issued by Napoleon in 1804 undid some of the
reforms of the revolution, but re-affirmed the political and
legal equality of all adult males, protected private property
and established a merit-based society in which
qualification and talent replaced birth and social standing
for employment. This code did not grant much to women:
married women needed their husband’s consent to
dispose of their own property and divorce remained more
difficult to obtain for women than for men.
Body of Civil Law - also called the Code Napoleon
Who said: To be a king is to inherit old ideas and genealogy. I
don't want to descend from anyone... The title of Emperor is
greater?
Napoleon
Napoleon forced Spain to cede Louisiana back to France.
What does cede mean?
to hand over/give back
John Constable and other Romantic painters tended to
idealize:
Ancient Greece
Empirical Reasoning
Urban Life
The Enlightenment
 Rural Life
Whether they called it “practical reason” or
“fancy” or “imagination” or “intuition” or
simply “feeling,” the Romantics believed that
the human mind had the power to penetrate
beyond the cold rationalism of Hobbes, Locke
and Hume. Most Romantics also believed that
poets, artists and writers possessed these
powers more abundantly than scientists. Kant
said,
“Science is organized
knowledge. Wisdom is
organized life.”
Whom did John Wesley ordain as the first bishop of the
Methodist Church?
Arthur Wellesley
John Constable
John Turner
 Thomas Coke
Whom did Napoleon invite to take part in his coronation
but at the last minute agreed that Napoleon should crown
himself
Frederick William III of Prussia
 Pope Pius VII
Maria Theresa
William Pitt the Younger of Great Britain
He was king of France and the brother of the
Louis XVI. Restored to the French throne by the
Congress of Vienna in 1814, his arrogance
along with the that of many of many
aristocrats made the French people resentful
and longing for the good old days – of
Napoleon. He fled during the Hundred Days
but was restored a second time after
Napoleon’s defeat and ruled till his death in
1824.
Louis XVIII
He praised the Romantic literature of Dante,
Petrarch, Shakespeare, the Arthurian legends
and Cervantes. In his Lectures on Dramatic art
and Literature (1809-1811), he stated that
what Romantic literature was to Classical
Literature was the same as what the organic
and living were to the mechanical.
August Wilhelm von Schlegel
He believed that behind the development of human
history from one period to the next lay the mind and
purpose of what he called the World-Spirit, a concept not
unlike the Christian God.
Immanuel Kant
John Wesley
Lord Byron
Georg Hegel
The War of the Third Coalition lasted from 1803 to 1806 and
was precipitated (begun) because France had intervened in
the Haitian Salve Rebellion, forced Spain to return
Louisiana and intervened in some German States and the
William Pitt the Younger
Dutch Republic. So in May 1803, ____________________
formed the Third Coalition and by August 1805 Austria and
Russia had declared war. On land things went Napoleon’s
way as he won perhaps his greatest military victory crushing
the Russians and Austrians at the __________________.
Battle of Austerlitz
But a sea it was a different matter. Just as he was preparing
to invade Great Britain, his French-Spanish Navy was
Battle of Trafalgar
smashed at the __________________by
Admiral Nelson.
He wrote a progressive Romantic novel, Lucinde,
which attacks misogynistic prejudices that regard
women as little more than lovers or domestic
servants. He depicted Lucinde as the perfect
friend and companion as well as an unsurpassed
lover. Like other early Romantic novels, Lucinde
shocked contemporary morals by frankly
discussing social issues and sexual mores – and
creating a female equal to the male hero.
Frederich Schlegel
The Treaty of Schöenbrun in 1809
made a short peace with Great Britain
forced Austria to cede parts of her empire to Bavaria,
the Duchy of Warsaw, Russia and France; and lose
about three and a half million of her subjects
provided for the restoration of the Bourbons as the
kings of France
confirmed France’s territorial gains, stripped Prussia of
half of its territory and redrew the map of Europe
According to ______________________,
Friedrich Schleiermacher religion
was neither dogma nor a system of ethics; rather
religion was an intuition or feeling of absolute
dependence on an infinite reality (i.e., God).
Churches, other religious institutions, doctrines
and moral activity were really the secondary
expressions of primal religious feelings.
Ludwig Tieck wrote the first Germanic Romanic
William Lovell
novel in 1795,_________________,
whose
principal character builds his life on love but is
destroyed by materialism and skepticism.
Which of the following statements is most correct
about Napoleon Bonaparte?
His only defeat was at the Battle of Lodi in Northern
Italy.
He thoroughly supported the French Revolution.
He defeated Lord Nelson at the Battle of the Nile
He made his brother Joseph king of Sweden
The Treaty of Tilsit in July 1807
made a short peace with Great Britain
forced Austria to cede parts of her empire to Bavaria,
the Duchy of Warsaw, Russia and France; and lose
about three and a half million of her subjects
provided for the restoration of the Bourbons as the
kings of France
confirmed France’s territorial gains, stripped Prussia of
 half of its territory and redrew the map of Europe
Wordsworth like Coleridge for whom he wrote
____________,
__________________________________
, often
Ode on Intimations of Immortality
felt that he had lost what all humans lose in the
process of becoming adults: their childlike vision
and closeness to spiritual reality. For both men,
childhood was the bright period of creative
imagination. They believed that the soul existed
before its creation and so a child was closest to
that preexistent soul. Ageing and the problems of
life took away and deadened the imagination
making a person’s inner feelings and the beauty
of nature more difficult to see and appreciate.
The 1798 invasion of Egypt by Napoleon was
a success until the English admiral, Lord
______________,
Horatio Nelson destroyed the French fleet
Abukir Bay which cut off the
at the ____________,
French army from France. Napoleon was
forced to return to France. Politically, the
French invasion of part of the Ottoman
Russia which joined a
Empire alarmed _______
coalition with Great Britain, Austria and the
Ottomans against France.
As a result of the Treaty of Tilsit, which of the following
became an “ally” of Napoleon?
 Prussia
Austria
Great Britain
The Ottoman Empire
Spain
The famous French foreign minister who served Louis
XVI, the various governments of the French Revolution,
Napoleon and Louis XVIII was
Mikhail Kutuzov
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand
Clemens von Metternich
Victor Hugo
Francois Rene de Chateaubriand