Transcript absolutism MC

Absolutism in Eastern
Europe
Review
1. In seventeenth and eighteenth century Prussia, the
Junkers supported the monarchy and served in the army
in return for:
A. the right to sell their lands
B. virtually absolute power
over their serfs
C. control of an independent
national parliament
D. toleration of their religious
diversity
E. exemption from all taxes
2. Frederick William, the Great Elector,
advocated all of the following policies EXCEPT:
A. a uniform currency system
B. profitable dynastic
marriages
C. a citizen militia rather that a
standing army
D. the migration of Huguenots
from France to Prussia
E. canal construction
5. All of the following statements are true
of seventeenth century Prussia EXCEPT:
A. it was thinly populated
B. it had poor soil and very few
mineral resources
C. it was formed of widely
scattered territories
D. it had it was a flat, open plain
E. excellent ports on the Baltic,
the Rhine, and the Elbe
6. Which of the following is true about the
rulers of BOTH Austria and Prussia during
the seventeenth century?
A. they maintained permanent
standing armies
B. they patterned their society
after that of the Ottoman
Empire
C. they succeeded in avoiding
war for most of the century
D. they created centralized
unified nation-states
E. they abolished serfdom
10. The reign of Peter the Great of Russia (16821725) resulted in which of the following?
A. the abolition of the
Russian Orthodox
Church
B. the limited territorial
expansion of Russia
C. the weakening of
serfdom
D. a decrease in the tax
burden on poor
peasants
E. the emergence of a
wealthy middle class
11. Which of the following was NOT a
feature of the reign of Peter the Great?
A. wars to expand the
boundaries of Russia
B. autocratic rule
C. reforms to westernize
Russia
D. expansion of the army
E. reforms to retard the
spread of serfdom
12. All of the following were measures Peter the
Great took to strengthen the Russian monarch's
authority EXCEPT:
A. establishing control over the
Russian Orthodox church
B. establishing a parliament
modeled on that of England
C. copying Western forms of
royal administration
D. reorganizing the nobility by
tying status to royal
recognition of rank
E. declaring himself emperor
13. Which of the following occurred in Russia
between 1530 and 1715?
I. a strengthening of the
power of the czars
II. the expansion of
Russia to the Pacific
III. the establishment of
closer cultural ties with
western Europe
A. I only
B. II and III only
C. II only
D. I, II, and III
13. Which of the following occurred in Russia
between 1530 and 1715?
I. a strengthening of the
power of the czars
II. the expansion of
Russia to the Pacific
III. the establishment of
closer cultural ties with
western Europe
A. I only
B. II and III only
C. II only
D. I, II, and III
15. In response to the problems of the fourteenth
and fifteenth centuries, the landlords of eastern
Europe
A. offered better
economic terms to
their peasants.
B. used political power
to gain control of the
peasants.
C. renounced their
traditional control of
local justice.
D. imported labor from
western Europe.
17. The administration of justice in eastern
Europe generally was
A. in the hands of
trained jurists
working for the
monarch.
B. controlled by local
landlords.
C. the basis of the
monarch's reforms.
D. relegated to the local
clergy.
18. The importance and liberty of eastern European
towns were undermined, in large part, by
A. nobles selling
agricultural
commodities directly
to foreign capitalists.
B. the enserfment of
the peasants.
C. the creation of royal
monopolies on trade.
D. the depopulation
resulting from the
Black Death.
18. The importance and liberty of eastern European
towns were undermined, in large part, by
A. nobles selling
agricultural
commodities directly
to foreign capitalists.
B. the enserfment of
the peasants.
C. the creation of royal
monopolies on trade.
D. the depopulation
resulting from the
Black Death.
19. As a result of the revolt by the
Bohemian nobility in 1618,
A. the native Bohemian
nobility was wiped
out.
B. Bohemia gained
independence from
the Habsburgs.
C. the Habsburgs
allowed Protestants
to worship.
D. the Bohemian
parliament gained
power over taxation.
20. Absolute monarchs in eastern Europe
monopolized power in all of the following areas
EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
taxation.
the military.
foreign policy.
justice.
21. In the aftermath of the siege of Vienna in 1683,
the Habsburgs
A. were forced to
relinquish Bohemia.
B. conquered most of
Hungary and
Transylvania.
C. reestablished the
parliaments of
Bohemia and Syria.
D. pursued a peaceful
relationship with the
Ottoman Empire.
•
22. The Thirty Years' War served as a catalyst for
the development of absolutism in
A.
B.
C.
D.
Spain.
Prussia.
the Ottoman Empire.
France.
22. The Thirty Years' War served as a catalyst for
the development of absolutism in
A.
B.
C.
D.
Spain.
Prussia.
the Ottoman Empire.
France.
24. What was necessary for the smooth functioning
of the Ottoman social and political organization?
A. the subjugation and
conversion of Christian
peasants.
B. control of the trade
routes between Asia and
Europe.
C. peace and prosperity.
D. continuous territorial
expansion.
25. Which of the following was true of the Ottoman
Empire?
A. the hereditary
nobility monopolized
political and social
power.
B. Christians were
systematically
converted to Islam.
C. there was virtually no
such thing as private
property.
D. there was strict
separation of church
and state.
25. Which of the following was true of the Ottoman
Empire?
A. the hereditary
nobility monopolized
political and social
power.
B. Christians were
systematically
converted to Islam.
C. there was virtually no
such thing as private
property.
D. there was strict
separation of church
and state.
26. The hereditary provinces of the Habsburg state
included all of the following EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
Brandenburg.
Austria.
Hungary.
Bohemia.
28. All of the following were factors in the
Hungarians' fight against Habsburg absolutism
EXCEPT
A. the strength of the
Protestant faith in
Hungary.
B. an alliance with the
Turks.
C. the commercial and
industrial strength of
Hungary.
D. early adherence to a
national ideal.
28. All of the following were factors in the
Hungarians' fight against Habsburg absolutism
EXCEPT
A. the strength of the
Protestant faith in
Hungary.
B. an alliance with the
Turks.
C. the commercial and
industrial strength of
Hungary.
D. early adherence to a
national ideal.
30. In the years after 1713, the former Spanish
holdings and its influences in Italy passed into the
hands of:
A. France
B. Austria
C. Prussia
D. the kingdom of
Savoy
30. In the years after 1713, the former Spanish
holdings and its influences in Italy passed into the
hands of:
A. France
B. Austria
C. Prussia
D. the kingdom of
Naples
31. The accomplishments of Frederick William the
Great Elector include all of the following EXCEPT
A. abolition of serfdom.
B. establishment of a
standing army.
C. introduction of
permanent taxation
without consent
D. reduction of the
power and
independence of
towns and cities.
32. During the constitutional struggle between
Frederick William the Great Elector and the
Prussian nobility,
A. the nobles allied with
the towns.
B. the nobles put
national interest
above personal
interests.
C. war and invasion
strengthened
Frederick William's
hand.
D. the estates gained
control of taxation.
•
32. During the constitutional struggle between
Frederick William the Great Elector and the
Prussian nobility,
A. the nobles allied with
the towns.
B. the nobles put
national interest
above personal
interests.
C. war and invasion
strengthened
Frederick William's
hand.
D. the estates gained
control of taxation.
33. Frederick I the Ostentatious is
remembered for his
A. administrative
reforms.
B. creation of Prussian
militarism.
C. efforts to control
the exploitation of
the Prussian peasants.
D. slavish imitation of
Louis XIV and
acquisition of the
royal title of king.
34. The accomplishments of Frederick William I
included all of the following EXCEPT the
A. inculcation of
militaristic values into
the entire society.
B. establishment of an
honest bureaucracy.
C. conquest of new
territories.
D. recruitment of the
Prussian nobility to
serve in his army.
34. The accomplishments of Frederick William I
included all of the following EXCEPT the
A. inculcation of
militaristic values into
the entire society.
B. establishment of an
honest bureaucracy.
C. conquest of new
territories.
D. recruitment of the
Prussian nobility to
serve in his army.
35. The policies and actions of Frederick William I
were based on his belief that the welfare of the
king and state depended on the
A.
B.
C.
D.
army.
agrarian economy.
bureaucracy.
nobility.
36. The most enduring legacy of Frederick
William I was
A. the establishment of
a first-rate
bureaucracy.
B. his foundation for
the most militaristic
country of modern
times.
C. his decision to
transform the
peasants into serfs.
D. the acquisition of the
royal title.
37. In return for its services in the army
and government, the Prussian nobility
(Junkers):
A. was exempted from
all taxation
B. was given a monopoly
of government offices
C. received a majority of
the seats in the
Estates General
D. was given a free hand
over the peasantry
37. In return for its services in the army
and government, the Prussian nobility
(Junkers):
A. was exempted from
all taxation
B. was given a monopoly
of government offices
C. received a majority of
the seats in the
Estates General
D. was given a free hand
over the peasantry
38. All of the following characterized
Brandenburg-Prussia between 1640-1740 EXCEPT:
A. governmentdominated economic
life
B. territorial
consolidation
C. privileged position for
the military
D. privileged position for
the Junkers
E. religious persecution
38. All of the following characterized
Brandenburg-Prussia between 1640-1740 EXCEPT:
A. governmentdominated economic
life
B. territorial
consolidation
C. privileged position for
the military
D. privileged position for
the Junkers
E. religious persecution
39. The population of St.
Petersburg was
A. compelled by Peter
to reside there.
B. drawn to the new
capital by its beauty.
C. composed almost
exclusively of
government officials.
D. composed of mostly
foreigners who had
built the city.
42. Which of the following statements about the
conquests of the Mongols is NOT true:
A. the Poles and
Germans were
defeated by the
horde of Batu Khan
B. the Mamluks of Egypt
were subjugated in
1260
C. the Abbasids
caliphate was brought
to an end in 1258
D. their impact in Russia
fell most heavily upon
Moscow
42. Which of the following statements about the
conquests of the Mongols is NOT true:
A. the Poles and
Germans were
defeated by the
horde of Batu Khan
B. the Mamluks of Egypt
were subjugated in
1260
C. the Abbasids
caliphate was brought
to an end in 1258
D. their impact in Russia
fell most heavily upon
Moscow
43. Which of the following was NOT a factor in
Moscow's rise to a position of dominance in Russia?
A. geographical position
B. a series of able
princes
C. it always opposed the
Mongols
D. support of the
Russian church
43. Which of the following was NOT a factor in
Moscow's rise to a position of dominance in Russia?
A. geographical
position
B. a series of able
princes
C. it always opposed
the Mongols
D. support of the
Russian church
44. The concept of services to the state on the
part of nobles of Russia became universal during
the reign of:
A. Ivan the Terrible
B. Peter the Great
C. Ivan III
D. Michael Romanov
45. The oprichnina or secret police, created
by Ivan the Terrible, was used by him to:
A. bring the church
under his control
B. break the will of the
noble class
C. drive the Mongols or
Tatars from all
Russian lands
D. establish the power
of Moscow in Poland
45. The oprichnina or secret police, created
by Ivan the Terrible, was used by him to:
A. bring the church
under his control
B. break the will of the
noble class
C. drive the Mongols or
Tatars from all
Russian lands
D. establish the power
of Moscow in Poland
46. Czar Michael Romanov came to the
throne of Russia as a result of
A. a military coup
B. the influence of
the church
C. the intervention
of the Poles
D. an election by the
nobles
47. The Romanov dynasty ruled Russia from
1613 until:
A. Peter the Great
gained the throne
B. the time of
Catherine the
Great
C. the Crimean War
D. the Russian
Revolution of 1917
47. The Romanov dynasty ruled Russia from
1613 until:
A. Peter the Great
gained the throne
B. the time of
Catherine the
Great
C. the Crimean War
D. the Russian
Revolution of 1917
48. The major themes for literature and art in the
early Russian state came largely from:
A. the nobility
B. the church
C. Poland and
Germany
D. the merchant
class
48. The major themes for literature and art in the
early Russian state came largely from:
A. the nobility
B. the church
C. Poland and
Germany
D. the merchant
class
49. Seeking timber, rope, pitch, and other
naval supplies, the merchants of this land
were the first to penetrate Russia in any
numbers:
A. China
B. England
C. Germany
D. France
49. Seeking timber, rope, pitch, and other
naval supplies, the merchants of this land
were the first to penetrate Russia in any
numbers:
A. China
B. England
C. Germany
D. France
51. The Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689, the first
treaty the Chinese signed with a European nation,
dealt with:
A. the English establishing a
trading post on Hong Kong
Island
B. French annexation of IndoChina
C. recognition of the new
Manchu dynasty by the
powers of Europe
D. stabilization of the border
with Russia Siberia
51. The Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689, the first
treaty the Chinese signed with a European nation,
dealt with:
A. the English
establishing a trading
post on Hong Kong
Island
B. French annexation of
Indo-China
C. recognition of the new
Manchu dynasty by
the powers of Europe
D. stabilization of the
border with Russia
Siberia
52. Proof that North America was not connected
with Asia came as a result of the exploration of:
A. Francis Xavier
B. Henry Hudson
C. Vitus Bering
D. William Barents
52. Proof that North America was not connected
with Asia came as a result of the exploration of:
A. Francis Xavier
B. Henry Hudson
C. Vitus Bering
D. William Barents
55. Which of the following nations and dynasties is
NOT properly matched?
A. Hapsburgs of
Austria
B. Hanoverians of
England
C. Hohenzollerns of
Prussia
D. Kornilovs of
Russia
56. Peter the Great accomplished all of the
following EXCEPT:
A. he unified all of
Russia under his
leadership and control
B. he built a new capital
at St. Petersburg
C. he defeated the
Swedes
D. he created the
Russian navy
56. Peter the Great accomplished all of the
following EXCEPT:
A. he unified all of
Russia under his
leadership and control
B. he built a new capital
at St. Petersburg
C. he defeated the
Swedes
D. he created the
Russian navy
57. Peter the Great was able to defeat the Swedes
because:
A. the Swedish king was
a maniac
B. he reformed his army
along western lines
C. all Russia united
behind the Czar in a
remarkable show of
patriotic fervor
D. the Swedish Baltic
provinces revolted
against their
oppressors
59. Of major significance in the reign of
Peter the Great was the:
A. binding of the nobility
to state service
B. founding of Moscow
C. Time of Trouble
D. Bolshevik Revolution
59. Of major significance in the reign of
Peter the Great was the:
A. binding of the
nobility to state
service
B. founding of
Moscow
C. Time of Trouble
D. Bolshevik
Revolution
60. A major event in the reign of Peter the
Great was the:
A. Pugachev revolt
B. foundation of
Moscow
C. Battle of Poltava
D. so-called Time of
Troubles
E. organization of
Russia's first
secret police
61. Peter the Great of Russia incorporated all of
the following in his effort to modernize his states
EXCEPT
A. a standing
professional army.
B. new taxation policies.
C. a bureaucracy based
on merit.
D. effective local
government and
judiciary.
62. Charles XII of Sweden scored a major victory
over Peter the Great at the Battle of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Poltava.
Navra.
St. Petersburg.
Karlsruhe.
B
63. The Cossack leader Stenka Razin
claimed that
A. the tsar was responsible for
the suffering of the peasants.
B. evil officials and nobles, not
the tsar, were responsible for
the conditions of the peasants.
C. he was the true tsar.
D. the reforms of Peter the
Great were destroying the
peasants.
66. Many scholars believe that the Russian concept
of kingship was derived from
A.
B.
C.
D.
the Mongols.
imperial Rome.
France.
Byzantium.
A
67. The Cossacks were
originally
A. a Turkish tribe that
settled in the Ukraine.
B. runaway peasants from
central Russia.
C. religious dissenters.
D. special military units
of the tsars.
B
69. After the Time of Troubles, the
Romanov tsars
A. increased the obligations of
the nobility.
B. relaxed the obligations of
the serfs.
C. relaxed the obligations of
the nobility.
D. fostered the growth of an
urban middle class.
B
70. The reforms of Patriarch Nikon led to
A. an independent church
hierarchy.
B. a split between the
church hierarchy and
the common people.
C. more uniform practice of
Orthodox Christianity.
D. a closer relationship with
the Catholic church.
B
72. The reign of Peter the Great was
characterized by
A. noble rebellion.
B. relative peace.
C. incessant warfare.
D. economic and social
transformation.
73. Peter's new tax, on "souls,"
A. was levied on all clergy, church
lands, church serfs, and monastic
holdings.
B. attempted to make the wealth of
the nobility subject to taxation.
C. made people the basis for the
taxation system in Russia, not land.
D. was vigorously resented by peasant
and noble alike, and led to serious
civil unrest throughout Russia.
C
74. Perhaps the most important consequence of
Peter I's reforms was the
A. creation of a middle class.
B. widening gap between the
elite and commoners.
C. use of French as the
language of state.
D. imposition of royal justice
in the provinces.
B
76. Perhaps the most important consequence of
Stenka Razin's uprising was the
A. creation of the myth of
rebellion that would
inspire future
generations.
B. abolition of serfdom.
C. establishment of the
Cossack tradition.
D. overthrow of the
Mongol Yoke.
A
77. The baroque palaces of central and eastern
European princes were modeled on
A.
B.
C.
D.
Notre Dame de Paris.
the Louvre.
Versailles.
the Kremlin.
78. All of the following were characteristic of the
new royal cities EXCEPT
A. broad avenues.
B. imposing government
buildings.
C. speeding carriages.
D. wide sidewalks.
D