Transcript 5. first moroccan crisis

Who was to blame for the first Moroccan Crisis and what
impact did it have?
C/B aim – to explain what happened in Morocco and its impact
B/A aim – to explain the events in Morocco, decide who should
be blamed for it and its impact
Morocco was an independent country in 1777.
However throughout the 19th C the French and
Spanish started showing interest in Morocco.
Spain took over some of it in 1884. In the early
19th C it was one of the few countries in Arica yet
to be completely taken over due to the Sultan
playing the Europeans off against each other.
France declared their interest in 1899 when
Declasse, the French Foreign Minister publicly
said they planned to take it over. In 1900 and
1901 France and Italy agreed that France could
take Morocco. In 1904 Britain and France agreed
that France could have Morocco as long as France
gave up any of their desires in Egypt.
Which country (or
countries) would be
unhappy in 1904 and why?
Homework – due Monday 10th
November
• How did European agreements affect
European relations?
• What was the First Moroccan Crisis?
• What was the Second Moroccan Crisis?
• What impact would these crises have?
• The Kaiser publicly stated that Germany
wanted equal economic rights in Morocco
• Bulow and the German Foreign Ministry
wanted to take over Morocco to stop France
getting too powerful
• Bulow managed to convince the Moroccan
sultan to stand up to the French
First Moroccan Crisis
• In 1905 the Kaiser was on holiday. Bulow arranged for
him to visit Tangier in Morocco. Bulow wanted the
Kaiser to do this to show that the Germans supported
the Sultan’s anti-French sentiments. The Kaiser was
reluctant as he felt his life would be in danger in
Tangier.
• The Kaiser did land in Tangier. He then rode to the
German embassy and announced that he hoped
Morocco would remain an independent state ruled
over by the Sultan, that Germany knew how to
safeguard her interests and expected everybody to
recognise these interests. This was clearly aimed at
the French.
List all the countries that could be to blame for the Crisis.
How do you judge who should ultimately be to blame?
Which would you ultimately place the blame with?
•
•
•
The national press in France was horrified by these events as they had
assumed that French control over Morocco was a formality. Declassé also
openly spoke out against the German move in Tangier and the comments
made by the Kaiser. In London the government was also angered by the
German move and made it known that Great Britain would not accept a
German port in Morocco as it could too easily be turned into a full-blown
naval port that would threaten Gibraltar. In May 1905 it was agreed that an
international conference should be held on Morocco.
In 1906 at the Algeciras Conference Germany initially hoped that Britain would
side with them against France and support German interests. However, it
became clear that Britain wouldn’t do this. Then the Germans hoped that if
they gave the French whatever they wanted they could take France away from
Britain, isolate Britain, and build an alliance with France and even Russia and
Turkey (who were feeling weak and may have wanted to ally with the
Germans). However, the French retained their anti-German sentiments.
It was agreed that Morocco should stay under French influence and the French
should control the ports. The French
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as an inferior
Explain media
what happened
the first crisis.
nation and Britain and France got closer. They would sign the Triple Entente a
year later. The British foreign
minister
that
Germany
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very aggressive and tried to do anything
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Who would you ultimately blame?
Period 2 work
Complete these questions using all the information if you haven’t
done so already.
• List all the countries that could be to blame for the Crisis.
• How do you judge who should ultimately be to blame?
• Which would you ultimately place the blame with?
List all the international impacts the First Moroccan Crisis would have
had.
How did the Moroccan Crisis affect the Anglo-German relationship
and alliance?
Could any of the impacts of the Moroccan Crisis have contributed to
WWI?
How significant was the Moroccan Crisis for the outbreak of WWI?
Include Alliances and the Anglo-German relationship in your
answer.
Period 2 work
How far do these two sources agree in their assessment of whether the
Moroccan Crisis contributed to WWI?
Write one paragraph including...
• Quotes showing a direct disagreeing cross reference
• Explain how they are different
• Explain which one is stronger, using explanation and own knowledge
Homework – due Monday 17th
November
• Read the pages and answer
– Who does the author believe is to blame for both
of the Moroccan Crisis?
– What does the author believe is significant about
both of the Moroccan Crisis?
• I’ll email Thursday’s lesson to you and put it
on the website.
The Second Moroccan Crisis
• German military figures had gained in
influence and France had a greater
nationalistic outlook
• In Fez, near Agadir port, riots occurred
due to problems in Morocco in 1911. The
French sent in troops to keep control of
the port as had been agreed in the
Algeciras Conference. However, the
Germans thought the French would use it
to take control of Morocco.
• The Germans decided to send a warship,
they didn’t want to send troops as it
would antagonise the French and they
didn’t want to do nothing as this would
antagonise Moltke and the other
all the countries
influential GermanListmilitary
leaders.that could be to blame for the Crisis.
Which would you ultimately place the blame with?
•
•
•
Talks were called. The Germans stated that they wanted the French Congo in exchange for
French Control in Morocco. The French weren’t keen but did keep the talks going. Britain sent
a note to Germany saying that they didn’t want war over Morocco. However, the Times
published an article raising the alarm over Germany’s requests, arguing that the British
empire in Sub-Saharan Africa was at risk. The Germans complained about the article. The
Chancellor of the Exchequer then said “it would be a humiliation intolerable for a great
country like ours to endure” if Germany got the French Congo.
The British media presented a more hawkish front. It was reported that Churchill had
completed plans for a British expeditionary force and that he had ensured the protection of
the Royal Navy’s cordite supply against suspected German sabotage. It was also reported that
the Royal Navy had been put on full alert. This approach by the British media forced Foreign
Secretary Grey into announcing that he would not send Royal Navy warships to Morocco but
that he would monitor what was happening in Africa with great care and caution so that
British interests were not threatened.
On September 1st 1911 negotiations between France and Germany came to an abrupt halt.
This resulted in the stock market in Berlin crashing. It showed just how sensitive the situation
had become as the only reason the negotiations had halted was because of an illness to
Explain what happened in the second crisis.
French diplomatist Cambon. Others misread the situation. By November 1911, both Germany
and France had come to a conclusion over their particular stance in Africa. France handed to
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Germany over 107,000 square
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acres of swamp”. Germany handed over to France
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Who would
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ultimately
blame?
Cameroons. But neither the Congo nor Morocco
turned
to be economic
goldmines.
What impact did the second Moroccan
Crisis have?