Transcript France - High Point University

Population:
60 million
Size - Texas
The French Monarchy and Divine Right
Louis XIII 1610-1643
Louis XIV 1643-1715
The French Revolution 1789-1799
Meeting of the Estates General (Feb 1789)
Estates General organized into three
estates – clergy, nobility, and the rest
of France
Louis XVI 1774-1792
Had not meet since 1614.
Agreed to hold new elections in May
The National Assembly - Tennis Court Oath, June 10, 1789
Following the election, members of the Third Estate broke with
the Estates General, forming their own National Assembly.
When the king ordered the state assembly closed, the discussion
was moved to a nearby tennis court. Pledged to write a new
constitution for France.
Storming of the Bastille July 14 1789
Fearing that the King would move against the new Assembly,
insurgents stormed the Bastille, gathering weapons, and took
control of Paris in a violent uprising.
Declaration of the Rights of
Man and Citizen Aug 26, 1789
Constitution of 1791
France becomes a
Constitutional Monarchy
Abolition of Feudalism
Power vested in Legislative
Assembly 1791-1792
Radicalization of the National
Assembly
August 10, 1792 - Paris Commune storms the Tuileries Palace
capturing the King and Queen.
France declares war on Austria and Prussia 1792-1797
National Convention proclaimed France a Republic (The First
Republic) on September 20, 1792, radical members convinced the
Convention to try and execute the King on Jan 17, 1793.
The Reign of Terror 1793-1794
Committee of Public Safety
Maximilien Robespierre
Himself a victim in the
Thermidorian Reaction 1794
Edmund Burke
Reflections on the
Revolution in France
Coup of 18 Brumaire
Year VIII
(November 9, 1799)
1799 Napoleon
Bonaparte stages
military coup
overthrowing weak
government.
First Empire 1804-1815
In 1804 Napoleon declared himself emperor of France (1st Empire).
Napoleonic Wars 1804-1815
He then set off on a series of campaigns against Italy, Spain,
Austria, Prussia, and Russia. He was finally defeated by the last
remaining monarchy (the British) at Waterloo in 1814.
Restoration of the Monarchy
The monarchy was
restored in 1815 under
Louis XVIII -brother
of Louis XVI.
Louis XVIII agreed to
share power with the
National Assembly,
but his successor
Charles X sought to
return to absolute
monarchy.
Louis XVIII
Charles X
1815-1824
1824-1830
The July Monarchy
Charles X was deposed in 1830
and replaced by Louis-Philippe
(The July Monarchy) who also
agree to share power with the
Assembly.
The July Monarchy ended in
1848 when Louis-Philippe was
forced out by worker uprisings.
Louis-Phillipe
1830-1848
The Second Republic (1848-1852) and Second Empire (1852-1870)
The Second Republic proved as brief
as the first, when Louis-Napoleon III
(a cousin of Napoleon) seized power
in a coup in 1850.
The Second Empire as it came to be
known lasted until Napoleon’s defeat
in the Franco-Prussian war of 18701871.
Napoleon III
1851-1870
Franco-Prussian War
1870-1871
The Third Republic (1870-1940)
The Third Republic would
last from the end of the war in
1870 until the German
invasion of France in 1940.
The harsh terms of the Treaty
of Versailles advocated by
French Prime Minister
George Clemenceau gave rise
to the Nazis and the ultimate
demise of the Third Republic.
Prime Minister George
Clemenceau
1906-1909, 1917-1921
Vichy France
During German occupation,
a Nazi-puppet French State
was established with a
capital in Vichy under the
authority of former WWI
French commander Marshal
Petain.
Marshal Philippe Petain
Chief of State of Vichy France
1940-1944
The Fourth Republic 1946-1958
Gen. Charles De Gaulle
would be instrumental in
transitioning France from
an occupied power to a
Fourth Republic in 1946.
Gen. Charles De Gaulle
Leader of French
Resistance
Collapse of the Fourth Republic 1958
De Gaulle would also
be called back when
the Fourth Republic
collapsed as a result of
crisis in Indochina and
Algeria.
French Indochina
War in Vietnam
1945-1954
Algerian War
1954-1962
The Fifth Republic 1958-pres.
As President of the 5th (and
perhaps final) Republic, De Gaulle
is credited with what has now
become known as Gaullism
Guallism - a firm commitment to
French independence and French
nationalism in international and
domestic politics.
His legacy can be found in the
success of many Neo-Gaullist
politicians still today.
Pres. Charles De Gaulle
UDR, 1959-1969
The Resurgence of the Left
François Mitterrand
Socialist Party
May 1968 Student Revolts
1981-1995
The working class
The Socialist and Communist
movements in France have
always enjoyed a great deal of
strength.
Workers and trade unions
remain powerful in French
politics (often through
demonstrations, protests, and
strikes).
In 1986, the neo-Gaullist party
and its allies won control of the
National Assembly.
President Mitterrand was
forced to appoint Jacques
Chirac as prime minister.
The Fifth Republic’s first case
of cohabitation (president and
prime minister of different
party)
Recent Presidents of France
Nicolas Sarkozy
Francois Hollande
Union for a
Popular Movement
Socialist Party
Elections to the French National Assembly
Local government
and decentralization
France divided into
26 regions
Regions struggle
against Paris for
political control
seeking greater
decentralization of
decision-making.
Political Parties of the Right
Rally for the
French People
1947-1955
Chirac’s Rally for the
Republic RPR 19762002
Sarkozy’s Union for
a Popular Movement
2002-present
Union of the New
Republic 19581971
Union of
Democrats for the
Republic, UDR
Union for French
Democracy, UDF
National Front
1971-1976
1978-2007
1972-present
Political Parties of the Left
Parti Socialiste
1969-present
French Communist
Party 1921-present
French Green
Party 1982present
The Francophone World
Immigration from the Francophone World
Minorities in France
Les francais de souche (French stock) vs. immigrant
communities.
Secularism (Laicite – separation of church and state since
1905) vs. Roman Catholic Church and Muslim groups
Head scarf controversy when Chirac banned head scarves in
public schools saying “secularism is not negotiable”