Transcript When was the Constitution ratified?

1788
 To create a stronger federal government
& to give the federal government the
power of taxation over the states.
 It created a federal court system.
 To appease the Anti-Federalists &
get them to ratify the Constitution.
 The people’s civil liberties.
 1789-1797
 No political party
 1797-1801
 Federalist Party
 1801-1809
 Democratic-Republican Party
 1809-1817
 Democratic-Republican Party
 1817-1825
 D-R Party
 1825-1829
 D-R Party
 Secretary of State = Thomas Jefferson
 Secretary of the Treasury = Alexander
Hamilton
 Secretary of War = Henry Knox
 Attorney General = Edmund Randolph
 Financial (economic) Issues
 Domestic Issues
 Foreign Issues
 Napoleonic Wars
 B= Bank of the U.S.
 E = Excise Tax on whiskey
 F = Funding national debts at par
 A = Assumption of all state debts for War
 T = Tariff (revenue)
 A loose/broad interpretation.
 Art. 1 Sec. 8 Cl. 18
 Assumption of State Debts =
Capital moved to the South =
Washington D.C.
 Excise Tax on Whiskey = Whiskey
Rebellion
 Raise taxes (tariffs)
 A STRONG federal government
 Loose interpretation of the
Constitution
 Federalism
 Capitalism
 1789 beginning of Pres.
Washington’s 1st term!
 Occurred in France
 French commoners killed rich
aristocracy & monarchs
 Washington said the U.S. was “neutral”
in the Napoleonic Wars and could
trade with all belligerents.
 He stated this so that U.S. would not be
pulled into the wars & have to honor
the Franco-American Alliance.
 Citizen Genet came to get the U.S.
to honor the Franco-American
Alliance.
 It was controversial b/c the U.S.
had declared neutrality & didn’t
want to be manipulated into the
war.
 The Indians had to relocated west
into Indiana territory.
 It was a protest against the federal excise tax
on whiskey in western Pennsylvania.
 Pres. Washington marched a militia larger
than any he commanded during the
Revolutionary War to PA to put the rebellion
down & to enforce the fed’l law.
 The rebellion dissolved & proved the
strength of the fed’l gov’t.
 To get the British to respect U.S.
neutrality & stop impressments.
 Washington was trying to AVOID
war with Great Britain!!!!
 British would leave the NW Territory
 U.S. could trade exclusively with the British
in the Caribbean
 U.S. & Britain would pay back all pre-war
debts
 Loyalist’s property would be returned.
 The British did NOT say they would respect
U.S. neutrality & stop impressments. 
 Avoid political parties/factions
 Avoid permanent alliances with
foreign nations
 No 3rd term = 2 terms as president
is enough for any man! 
 Federalists (Hamilton)
 Democratic-Republicans (Jefferson)
 Federalist Party
 Democratic-Republican Party
 Federalist Party
 Federalist Party
 Democratic-Republican Party
 Treaty with Spain that gave the U.S.
free access to the port of the
Mississippi River (New Orleans)
 Why? Spain thought the U.S. made an
Anglo-American Alliance with Britain
with Jay’s Treaty.  
 They stopped respecting U.S.
neutrality & began impressing U.S.
ships.
 This leads to the XYZ Affair & the
Quasi War. 
 The French insulted U.S. diplomats
by asking for a bribe to discuss
neutrality issues caused by Jay’s
Treaty.
 Quasi War = undeclared naval war
with France from 1798-1801 over
neutrality & impressments
 John Adams
 The Acts kicked the French out of the U.S. &
made malicious or negative speech about a
gov’t official or the war a fed’l crime.
 The Federalists dominated Congress & the
White House in 1798. Many DemocraticRepublicans were angry about the Quasi
War with France & criticized the war
verbally & in the press. The acts were passed
to silence the critics (D-Rs)
 To nullify the Alien & Sedition Acts
to protect the 1st Amendment rights
of freedom of speech & press.
 Treaty of Mortfontaine (1801)
 It was a peaceful transition of
power from one political party
(Federalists) to another (D-R) in
the executive & legislative branches
of the federal gov’t.
 To create more lower federal courts,
so that Federalist federal judges
could be appointed and retain
control of one branch of the federal
gov’t (the Judiciary)
 The last minute federal judgeship
appointments under Pres. Adams.
 Marbury, a Federalist, had been
promised he would be Justice of the
Peace under Adams.
 Madison refused to deliver his
employment papers, so he could
not take his new job.
 Judicial Review = the Supreme
Court has the implied power to
review federal laws and nullify
unconstitutional acts.
 John Marshall (Federalist)
 Pickney’s Treaty was now obsolete.
 The French was making the U.S.
pay to use New Orleans.
 New Orleans was very valuable to
Western Territories trade on the
Mississippi River.
 France owned it from 1801-1803.
 1. He had lost Haiti to the slaves there
and therefore had no chance of a naval
base in the Caribbean
 2. He needed the $ to continue the war
in Europe.
 3. He felt that he had overextended in
his quest to have a world empire &
thought it best to focus on Europe first.
 France wanted to get even with the
British and giving all that land to
the U.S. would anger Britain.
 It did NOT strictly say he could
purchase it in the Constitution.
 1. Most important reason was to
look for a Northwest Passage.
 2. Scientific Exploration
 3. Find out what the U.S. bought
 The presence of a woman and her
baby would let Indians know the
group came in peace. 
Zeke ? Pike
 Capitalism is an economic system
based on FREE markets and
PRIVATE ownership.
 Forcing sailors into the foreign
country’s navy.
 Forcing a ship into the foreign
country’s navy.
 Mediterranean Sea & North Africa
 Barbary pirates raised toll to enter
the Mediterranean Sea. U.S.
refused to pay one more cent in
tribute.
 Feared standing armies & tried to
reduce national debt.
 Created West Point instead to train
officers.
 Small U.S. navy that fought in the
Barbary Wars.
 To avoid being pulled into a war
with Britain (or France for that
matter)
 U.S. was prohibited from having
trade (intercourse) with ALL
nations.
Chesapeake-Leopard Incident
 To allow the U.S. to trade with
some countries but still avoid war
with Britain & France.
 U.S. could trade with any country
in the world BUT was prohibited
from trading with Britain & France.
 U.S. would trade with all countries but
the 1st country between Britain &
France to respect U.S. neutrality, the
U.S. would have exclusive intercourse
with that country and abstain from
trading with the other.
 U.S. was a relatively new country
and not prepared for war.
 Young Western & Southern D-R
Congressmen elected in 1810.
 They wanted war with Britain b/c
they blamed them for arming the
Indians in the West.
 William Henry Harrison
 Tecumseh
 Great Britain needed to stop
violating U.S. neutrality
 Great Britain needed to stop
impressing U.S. ships/sailors
 Great Britain needed to stop aiding
& arming the Indians
The British were preoccupied in
the simultaneous war with
France (Napoleon)
 The British defeat Napoleon
(France) in 1814 and then entire
British army & navy attack the U.S.

The Great Lakes
New England Federalists
Washington D.C.
Star Spangled Banner (poem)
 Federalist Party anti-war
convention where they demanded
new amendments to the
Constitution to protect their
interests.
 Kills the Federalist Party b/c seen
as unpatriotic = time of political
harmony afterwards.
Treaty of Ghent (1814)
Cease fire
Battle of New Orleans
General Andrew Jackson
 U.S. & Canada’s border was still
undefined.
 Americans believed they won the
war & experienced a great wave of
Nationalism and pride afterwards. 
 Federalist Party died.
 It was his legislative solution for
building up the national economy
(market revolution) to make the U.S.
less dependent upon foreign nations
for trade.
 B. = 2nd B.U.S.
 I. = federally funded internal
improvements
 T. = PROTECTIVE tariff (25%)
 1816
 Only 1 political party = political
harmony
 No international wars
 Panic of 1819
 Missouri Compromise
 Splitting of the D-R Party
 Great Britain
 U.S.-Canadian border from the
Great Lakes to the Rocky
Mountains = 49th parallel
 U.S. & Britain will share the oregon
Country for 10 years.
Spain
 Andrew Jackson invaded Florida & seized
Spanish forts in East Florida & captured the
Seminole Chief to stop Indian raids into the
U.S.
 Caused the treaty b/c the Spanish realized
that the U.S. could easily defeat them & take
over Florida in a fight.
 Set the western border between
Spain & the U.S.
 U.S. bought Florida for $5 million
They cared more about trying to
keep their remaining colonies
(Mexico & Latin American
colonies) AND they knew that
the U.S. wanted and could easily
take Florida by force.
 They were having revolutions
trying to gain their independence.
Slavery
It would have unbalanced the
Senate in the slave state South’s
favor.
Henry Clay
Maine enters the Union as a free
state.
 2. Missouri enters the Union as a
slave state.
 3. All the territory above the 36-30
was legislated to be free territory.
 1.
1820
 To protect the new Latin American
republics from being colonized buy
stronger European monarchies.
 U.S. foreign policy toward Latin
America & Europe
 No more European colonization in
the Western Hemisphere & the U.S.
promises not to colonize in Europe
either.
1823
John Adams