Transcript Banque De France. - Los Alamitos Unified School District

Ending of the
French
Revolution
In 1795, The French government at
the time created a new system of
government that was led by two
councils and the Directory.
• the Directory staged a coup to
remove royalists, One of the
directors named Emmanuel Joseph
Sieyés thought Napoleon would be
a great military leader to conquer
this task.
• November 9, 1799 Napoleon along
with others organized a takeover to
oust the Directors
•After the takeover Napoleon was
named the first consul of the
republic. French voters easily
accepted Napoleon for the position.
This would start the Reign of
Napoleon.
•
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1800: Napoleon forms the first ever National Bank of France called the Banque De France.
Bonaparte wanted to grow the economy and restore it in the aftermath of the recession that
occurred in the Revolutionary period. He got his ideas from the preexisting bank systems in
Sweden and England.
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1801:
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1801:Coup d’état- this established Napoleon as First Consul of France, that included
Treaty of Lunéville: signed on Feb.8, 1801 between the French Republic and the Holy
Roman Emperor Francis II. Napoleon defeated Austria at the Battle of Merango and acquired
Italian and German territories. After this treaty was signed no one stood in the way of France
except Britian who was the sole enemy of France.
Cambacérès and Lebrun which would also be leading alongside of Napoleon. Although the
plan was for the three to have equal power, Napoleon quickly became the most powerful.
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1801: Concordat: defined the status of the
Roman Catholic Church in France and ended
the breach caused by the church reforms and
confiscations enacted during the French
Revolution.
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1802: Treaty of Amiens: temporarily
ended hostilities between the French
Republic and the United Kingdom during
the French Revolutionary Wars. Napoleon
referred to it as a "Definitive Treaty of
Peace“. It only lasted until may 1803 it was
not intended to last for a very long time only
until France could pull itself together.
A) Both the Treaty of Lunéville and the
Treaty of Amiens ended the second
Coalition which was the Hapsburgs plan to
suppress the new revolutionary France.
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1804: Napoleon’s Coronation: Napoleon
crowns himself emperor in exchange for
regaining several papal territories and a
chance to visit France with the hope of
winning the French people back to the
Catholic Church.
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Oct.1805: a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets
of the French Navy and Spanish Navy. Twenty-seven British ships of the line led by Admiral
Lord Nelson aboard HMS Victory defeated thirty-three French and Spanish ships of the line
under French Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve off the south-west coast of Spain. Despite the
outcome Napoleon’s original idea was to invade Britain which would be impossible if he could
not get to the shore.
While the British had all of their soldiers trained for Naval Battle the French executed or
dismissed a majority of their naval officers during the beginning of the French Revolution.
This truly proved to Napoleon how strong the British Navy was and was one of the first
setbacks Napoleon had during his Reign.
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Dec.1805: Battle of Austerlitz-
battle that the French defeated the Third
Coalition. The French army, commanded by Emperor Napoleon I, decisively defeated the
Russo-Austrian army, commanded by Tsar Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II,
after nearly nine hours of difficult fighting. Considered a crucial point in the Battle of the Third
Coalition.
This officially ended the Third Coalition.
This was a major achievement for Napoleon he defeated Russia, Austria, Portugal, and more.
This was when Napoleon’s Grand Empire reached it greatest height.
Treaty of Pressburg confirmed the Austrian cession of lands in Italy and Bavaria to France and
in Germany to Napoleon's German allies, imposed an indemnity of 40 million francs on the
defeated Habsburgs, and allowed the defeated Russian troops free passage, with their arms
and equipment, through hostile territories and back to their home soil.
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In 1808 Spain had the first major revolt against France. Though not successful this revolt
proved to be a warning showing that resistance to French imperialism was growing.
The battle with Britain was still occurring. The continental system or the system in which to
block out all British goods from Europe was failing and Britain responded back with a counter
blockade which proved to be horrible for French artisans and the middle class. Napoleon went
to Russia to help with the counter blockade but Alexander I was never on his side in the first
place about blocking British goods.
The counter blockade France received from Britain led to Napoleon’s invasion of Russia.
Napoleon invading with 600,000 men recklessly headed toward Moscow during the winter
which proved fatal for him. Alexander I ordered a retreat of his men and an evacuation of
Moscow while the French froze in the Russian winter conditions. Due to the lack of supplies,
the Russian army, and the Russian winter Napoleon lost almost his entire army; 370,000 men
died and another 200,000 were taken prisoner.
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After Napoleon’s Russian defeat he fled back to
Paris in hopes of creating another army to fight
Russia.
The Fourth Coalition was created. This consisted
of Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain
held together by the Treaty of Chaumont which
created the Quadruple Alliance.
Less than a month after the creation of the
Quadruple Alliance Napoleon abdicated. He
exiled to Elba where he kept his imperial title,
earned 2 million francs per year, and had his
own navy.
Louis XVIII took Napoleon’s place and although
accepting of revolutionary ideas went back to a
constitutional monarchy which took away
peoples right to vote.
Hearing of the new French government
Napoleon decided to escape Elba and within no
time regained his position.
At the last part of the hundred days used to
describe his return his forces we destroyed at the
Battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815
He was then locked up on the island of
St.Helena where he lived the rest of his life.
Technology of
the Napoleonic
Era
Napoleon had a new way in
which to fight it was divided
into three sections:
Infantry: soldiers who had
muskets with bayonets. Near
the front of the battlefield and
were the most common.
Calvary: mounted on horses
these men rode with sabers
and as opposed to using the
side of the blade used to tip to
ensure death of the enemy.
Artillery: usually in groups of
five or six soldiers would use
cannons to cause significant
damage to the enemy.
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Naval Power- the British conquered the Atlantic and had the greatest naval fleet in the
world. This can be seen in the Battle of Trafalgar when the Spanish and French lost
significantly to the British. They simply could not compete with the technologically advanced
ships the British used.
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Rifles- although somewhat new to warfare they were out preformed by muskets due to there
tedious reloading process compared to the musket. Napoleon did not believe they were truly
faster at all and believed the musket was the ideal weapon for war.
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Sabers – the French military used many different types of sabers preferably ones with
pointed sharp tips to stab enemies receiving an ensured death. While the British used sabers
that had sharp centers to be able to strike using the center of the sword which would cause
severe wounds. Although the British afflicted more wounds the French got ensured deaths
using the tip of the sword but did not get as many enemies killed.
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Napoleon was personally uninterested in religion but wanted unification between the two
groups of French clergy and have the Catholic Church in France could serve as the authority
for social order and peace.
Next off the Concordat of 1801 which both Napoleon and Pope Pius VII signed. This gave the
French Catholics the right to practice their religion freely and caused an increase in attendance
to the Catholic Church. Now Napoleon’s government paid the clergy, nominated bishops, and
exerted great influence on the church.
The tradition power of the church was no longer there and now the Emperor ruled the church
as opposed to the pope.
Overall the period saw an increase in religion due to Napoleon’s reforms regarding religious
practices and the act of practicing religions.
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Napoleon used the church as a way to control society instead of doing it himself. He paid for the clergymen
and made himself somewhat powerful in the church. This gave him absolute control not only did he rule the
country but also the church which he had put his influence on. He aimed to unify the church in order to
control the population as well as grant freedom to practice religion.
He appealed to all classes not just the higher ones but all of them. After he won the Battle of Austerlitz he
abolished serfdom in many areas where it was still present. He gave his citizens a feeling of stability and
national unity with the domestic initiatives he had.
Using newspaper he spread his government ideas to his people even though he broke the right to freedom of
press and speech numerous times.
He founded schools and a school system in which you were either going to school to become part of the
military or go to a different school for more mundane jobs. Also if you were an excellent student you would go
to third school which is basically an internship or assistant to what you would want to do. Also the church was
getting more attention because his programs were strictly focused on secondary and third school not basic
learning.
His reforms allowed a majority of men to vote as opposed to the small percentage that could before.
His aim was to have every man be equal and their land protected even peasants. Peasants grew fond of
Napoleon after this reform because he could protect the land they gained during the revolution.
Overall Napoleon brought ideas to not only France but Europe that have never been done before.
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http://content.lib.washington.edu/napoleonw
eb/timeline.html
http://www.indepthinfo.com/history/napole
onic-age.htm
http://www.napoleonseries.org/research/napoleon/c_religion4.html
http://www.napoleonguide.com/weapind.ht
m