Transcript Causes of the Revolution

Causes of the Revolution
Chapter 4 Sections 2,3 & 4
Why It’s Important
• The “Spirit of Independence” evident
during the Revolution still plays a major
role in shaping society we live in.
– - Americans still exercise their right to protest
laws they view as unfair.
– - Citizens have the right to present their views
freely.
Essential Questions
1. How did the Great Awakening and the
Enlightenment change the way colonists thought
about the world?
2. What were the causes and effects of the French and
Indian War?
3. What rights did colonists have, or not have, in the 13
colonies?
4. Why did colonists declare independence from Britain?
5. What impact did significant battles have on the
Revolution?
6. What role did France, Spain, women, and African
Americans play in the war?
MERCANTILISM
RESTRICTIVE
LAWS
PASSED
BY BRITISH
ENLIGHTENMENT
IDEAS
CAUSES OF
AMERICAN
INDEPENDENCE
MOVEMENT
FRENCH AND
INDIAN WAR
POPULATION
EXPLOSION AND EXPERIENCES
OF COLONIAL SELF-RULE
GREAT
AWAKENING
MERCANTILISM
DEFINED AS AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM PRACTICED DURING THE 18TH
CENTURY BY EUROPEAN NATIONS.
BASED ON THE BELIEF THAT THERE WAS A LIMITED AMOUNT OF WEALTH
IN THE WORLD. AS A NATION’S TRADE GROWS, ITS GOLD RESERVES
INCREASE AND THE NATION BECOMES MORE POWERFUL. ENGLAND HAD
TO EXP0RT MORE GOODS THAN IT IMPORTED.
GREAT BRITAIN, FOR EXAMPLE, WOULD PURCHASE RAW MATERIALS
FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES AT A LOW PRICE DETERMINED BY
THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT. THEN THE COLONIES WERE REQUIRED TO
PURCHASE THE FINISHED GOODS MANUFACTURED IN BRITAIN AT HIGH
PRICES ALSO SET BY THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT. THE NORTH AMERICAN
COLONIES WERE ONLY ALLOWED TO TRADE WITHIN THE BRITISH
EMPIRE.
PARLIAMENT PASSED THE NAVIGATION ACTS WHICH DIRECTED THE
FLOW OF GOODS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND THE COLONIES. PREVENTED
COLONISTS FROM SENDING CERTAIN PRODUCTS, SUCH AS SUGAR OR
TOBACCO, OUTSIDE OF ENGLAND’S EMPIRE.
THIS SYSTEM LED TO BITTERNESS ON THE PART OF THE COLONISTS
WHO HAD VERY LITTLE INPUT IN THEIR ECONOMIC POLICIES.
COLONISTS BEGAN SMUGGLING, IGNORING THE NAVIGATION ACTS.
COLONIAL TRADE ROUTES
3 TYPES OF COLONIES
CHARTER
COLONIES
PROPRIETARY
COLONIES
ROYAL
COLONIES
1. CONNECTICUT
1. DELAWARE
1. GEORGIA
2. RHODE ISLAND
2. MARYLAND
2. MASSACHUSETTS
3. PENNSYLVANIA
3. NEW HAMPSHIRE
4. NEW JERSEY
5. NEW YORK
6. NORTH CAROLINA
7. SOUTH CAROLINA
8. VIRGINIA
THE ENLIGHTENMENT INFLUENCED THE
COLONISTS
PHILOSOPHICAL MOVEMENT THROUGHOUT
EUROPE IN THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES – IDEA
THAT SOCIETY COULD BE IMPROVED THROUGH
KNOWLEDGE, REASON, & SCIENCE
EMPHASIS ON REASON AS THE MOST IMPORTANT
HUMAN ABILITY – ENCOURAGED PEOPLE TO
THINK FOR THEMSELVES
JOHN LOCKE ARGUED THAT PEOPLE POSSESSED
NATURAL RIGHTS SUCH AS LIFE, LIBERTY, AND
PROPERTY. HE BELIEVED THE PURPOSE OF
GOVERNMENT WAS TO PROTECT THOSE RIGHTS.
LOCKE
BARON dE MONTESQUIEU ARGUED AGAINST
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
COLONIAL LEADERS BELIEVED THE BRITISH
GOVERNMENT VIOLATED THESE IDEALS AND
DISCUSSED STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THE
OPPRESSION OF KING GEORGE III
MONTESQUIEU
THE GREAT AWAKENING
RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT THROUGHOUT
THE COLONIES IN THE EARLY 1700s. IT
WAS BASED ON REVIVALISM WHICH
STRESSED INDIVIDUAL RELIGIOUS
EXPERIENCE RATHER THAN NEEDING
CHURCH LEADERS TO CONNECT WITH
GOD
CONTRIBUTED TO A SENSE OF
EQUALITY SINCE ALL PEOPLE WERE
QUALIFIED TO TAKE AN ACTIVE ROLE IN
THE CHURCH
INFLUENTIAL
MINISTERS
JONATHON EDWARDS
IT IS WIDELY BELIEVED THAT THIS
WAS A MAJOR FACTOR WHICH LED TO
THE SENSE OF FREEDOM AND
INDEPENDENCE UNDERLYING THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION
LEAD TO A RENEWED SENSE OF FAITH
NEW CHURCHES WERE FORMED
GEORGE WHITEFIELD
WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTION
INSIDE THE HOME
OUTSIDE THE HOME
•MAKING CLOTHES
•COOKS
•TENDING LIVESTOCK
•MAIDS
•WORKING IN THE
FIELDS
•NURSES
•TEACHERS
•SHOPKEEPERS
EDUCATION IN THE COLONIES
NEW ENGLAND
• Children were
taught at home
by their parents
• First school was
established in
1647 in
Massachusetts
• Harvard was
first college
MIDDLE
COLONIES
• Children taught at
home or in private
schools
• Some children
became an
apprentice at age
13 to a master
craftsman
SOUTHERN
COLONIES
• Tutors taught
children on
plantations
• Parents taught
children at
home in
backcountry
POPULATION EXPLOSION AND
COLONIAL SELF-RULE
THE COLONIAL POPULATION INCREASED AT AN
EXTREMELY FAST PACE AFTER 1700
NEW ARRIVALS MADE UP OF: INDENTURED
SERVANTS FROM EUROPE, SLAVES FROM
AFRICA, AND BIRTHS FROM COLONISTS
CLEAN DRINKING WATER, PLENTY OF FOOD,
AND GOOD CLIMATE WERE MAJOR
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THE SPIKE IN
BIRTHS BETWEEN 1680-1776
MOST COLONIES HAD SOME FORM OF AN
ELECTED LEGISLATURE WHICH FOSTERED A
DESIRE TO SELF-RULE (TOWN MEETINGS OR
ASSEMBLIES)
Review
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What was mercantilism?
How did colonists feel about this idea?
Why did England pass the Navigation Acts?
What was the Great Awakening?
How did it affect colonists?
What was the Enlightenment?
How did it affect colonists?
What contributions did women make inside the
home?
• Outside the home?
POD
List 3 causes of the
Revolutionary War that we
discussed last week.
Causes of the Revolution
Chapter 4 Sections 3 and 4
MERCANTILISM
RESTRICTIVE
LAWS
PASSED
BY BRITISH
ENLIGHTENMENT
IDEAS
CAUSES OF
AMERICAN
INDEPENDENCE
MOVEMENT
FRENCH AND
INDIAN WAR
POPULATION
EXPLOSION AND EXPERIENCES
OF COLONIAL SELF-RULE
GREAT
AWAKENING
Why It’s Important
• The “Spirit of Independence” evident
during the Revolution still plays a major
role in shaping society we live in.
– - Americans still exercise their right to protest
laws they view as unfair.
– - Citizens have the right to present their views
freely.
Essential Questions
1. How did the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment
change the way colonists thought about the world?
2. What were the causes and effects of the French and
Indian War?
3. What rights did colonists have, or not have, in the 13
colonies?
4. Why did colonists declare independence from Britain?
5. What impact did significant battles have on the
Revolution?
6. What role did France, Spain, women, and African
Americans play in the war?
Relationship with Native Americans
Alliances (unions)
British
1. Interested in pushing
Native Americans off of
their lands.
2. Intolerant of Native
American ways.
3. Traded with Iroquois
nations.
4. Iroquois nations
gave British certain
trading rights.
5. Iroquois nations
(Iroquois Confederacy)
became British allies
French
1. Traded furs with
Native Americans
2. Respected Native
Americans
3. Native Americans
raided British
settlements to help
French
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 1754-1763
FOR OVER 100 YEARS THE FRENCH AND BRITISH HAD
STRUGGLED FOR CONTROL OF NORTH AMERICA
BOTH FRANCE AND ENGLAND WANTED TO EXPAND
THEIR TERRITORY WEST OF THE APPALACHIAN
MOUNTAINS INTO THE OHIO VALLEY
NATIVE AMERICANS IN THE AREA PLAYED THE
COLONIAL POWERS OFF OF EACH OTHER AND TOOK
SIDES WHEN THEY FELT IT WOULD BENEFIT THEIR
GOAL OF HALTING FURTHER ENCROACHMENT ON
THEIR LAND
FRANCE TOOK THE EARLY LEAD, HOWEVER THE
BRITISH EVENTUALLY DEFEATED THE FRENCH IN A
WAR THAT WAS FOUGHT IN THE OHIO VALLEY,
MONTREAL, INDIA, THE PHILIPPINES, AND THE WEST
INDIES
FRENCH
POWDER
HORN
WITH
RIVERS
ENGRAVED
ON IT
Importance of Ohio Valley
British
• Competed for fur
trade
• Colonists wanted to
move west
French
• Competed for fur
trade
• The Ohio valley lay
between French
settlements and
Canada
What countries claimed land in North
America?
Where is the disputed land?
Land Claims in North America
Country
Land Claims in North
America 1754
Britain
13 Colonies and the Ohio Valley
France
New France, (which was north
and west of 13 colonies),
Louisiana, and the Ohio
Valley
Spain
New Spain, Present-day Florida,
and Caribbean Islands
Land Claims in North
America after
Treaty of Paris 1763
Events leading to Conflict in North
America
British and
French fur
traders clash in
French
controlled Ohio.
Washington’s
militia clashes
with French in
Ohio
France attacks
Britishcontrolled Nova
Scotia
Conflict in
North America
Native
Americans side
with French, but
the Iroquois side
with British
Albany Plan of Union
• June 1754 – representatives from New England,
New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland met to
discuss the threat of war.
• They wanted to find a way for the colonies to
defend themselves against the French.
• Adopted Benjamin Franklin’s plan calling for:
– One central government
– An elected legislature would govern the colonies,
collect taxes, raise troops, and regulate trade.
* Not one colonial assembly approved the plan. None
were willing to give up any of their power.
A war in which Britain, Prussia and Hanover fought Austria, France, Russia,
Saxony, Sweden and Spain. Britain became the main European power after
this war. French Canada was captured by the British in this war.
6. What three nations were involved in the Seven Years’ War? (pg.
123)
Britain, France, and Prussia
William Pitt
• Secretary of State and then
Prime Minister
• 7. How did William Pitt help
the British in their war against
France? (pg. 123,124)
• Pitt chose skilled
commanders and agreed for
Britain to pay for all his
supplies
In what direction did British troops advance after their victory at Quebec?
Why would Ft. Duquesne be a valuable fort to control?
8. What did Britain gain from the Treaty of Paris? (pg. 124)
Canada, all French lands east of the Mississippi River, and Florida
Land Claims in North America
Country
Land Claims in North America
1754
Land Claims in North
America after
Treaty of Paris 1763
Britain
13 Colonies and the Ohio Valley
13 colonies, Ohio Valley,
Florida, all French
lands east of the
Mississippi River,
except New Orleans
France
New France, (which was north
and west of 13 colonies),
Louisiana, and the Ohio
Valley
No land
Spain
New Spain, Present-day Florida,
and the Caribbean Islands
New Spain, the
Caribbean Islands,
and the Louisiana
Territory
Proclamation of 1763
This law was intended to keep peace in American
colonies. It stated that colonists could not settle west of
the Appalachian mountains. The colonist ignored the law
and moved west anyway. Speculators (investors) had
already bought land west of the mountains and they were
furious that Britain ignored their claims.
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR FUELED THE
DESIRE FOR INDEPENDENCE
COLONISTS UNIFIED FOR THE FIRST TIME BEHIND
THE BRITISH TO DEFEAT THE FRENCH. THIS LED TO A
SENSE OF PRIDE AND UNITY NOT EXPERIENCED PRIOR
TO THE CONFLICT.
THE COLONISTS DID NOT FEEL THE SAME NEED TO
REMAIN TIED TO THE BRITISH AFTER THE WAR AS THE
“FRENCH THREAT” WAS REMOVED.
THE BRITISH IMPOSED MANY TAXES ON THE
COLONISTS TO PAY FOR THE WAR EFFORT WITHOUT
ANY COLONIAL INPUT OR REPRESENTATION IN
PARLIAMENT.
THE BRITISH RESTRICTED FURTHER WESTERN
SETTLEMENT WITH THE PROCLAMATION LINE OF 1763.
THE COLONISTS FELT ENTITLED TO THE LANDS GAINED
DURING THE WAR THEY HAD HELPED WIN.
Review
• List events leading to the Revolutionary War.
• What was the Great Awakening?
• Who were two important preachers during the Great
Awakening?
• What was the Enlightenment?
• Why were the French and British fighting for control of
the Ohio Valley?
• Who did the Native Americans side with during the
French and Indian War?
• What was the Treaty of Paris?
• What lands did Britain gain from the Treaty of Paris?
French? Spanish?
• What was the Proclamation of 1763?
• How did colonists respond to the Proclamation?