Transcript King William*s War/ Queen Anne*s War

By: Shelly Floris
Janelle Sikma
Tiffany VanWinkoop
 William of Orange became king of England when King
James II was disposed. Called the “Glorious
Revolution”.
 William joined the League of Augsburg.
 This is where the war got its other name,
“War of the Grand Alliance,”
Remember
me
 The League of Augsburg also called the Grand
Alliance, consisted of Austria, Bavaria, England, the
Holy Roman Empire, Portugal, Scotland, Spain,
Sweden…etc vs France.
 All these nations formed to stop Louis XIV’s attempt to
expand France.
What did
I do?
VS
 King William’s war was fought in North America
between 1689-1697
 The Dominion of New England (Iroquois, Mohawk)
was against New France(Abeneki, Pennecook, Huron)
 The people were fighting mostly for control of the fur
trade
 New England’s Catholic governor was
deposed in 1689 but he had raided
French colonies.
Edmund Andros, the
“governor”
 Abenaki and Pennacock Indians under French
commands raided Dover, New Hampshire.
 They killed more than 20 and took 29 captives.
 Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin (lets hope no
one has a longer name than that) in retaliation to
Governor Andros’ attack, raided Pemaquid (Near
Maine).
Here
Here
 Colonel Benjamin Church (English) after fighting in
King Phillip’s war, led an expedition to present day
Maine…
 The only successful campaign was defending
Falmouth, present day Portland.
Look at
me, I’m
awesome
 In August of 1689, the Iroquois attacked Lachine a
French Settlement.
 The governor of New France then attacked an Iroquois
settlement of Onondaga.
 New France led several other attacks the most notable
being the Schenectady Massacre.
 200 Frenchmen along with Algonquin and Sault
raiders went from Montreal to English outposts.
 The Stockade of Schenectady was left unguarded. 60
were killed and 27 taken prisoner.
 In 1690 Port Royal was attacked by the English.
 The English had 736 men verses France’s 80.
 The English won, obviously… but one of the men
defending was Pierre Maisonnat dit Baptiste… we’ll
come back to him later…
One of his ships…
though I don’t think it
was green or purple…
 The only major English attack was the Quebec
expedition in October of 1690.
 It was an attempt to seize Montreal, New France’s
capital.
 William Phips the English commander sent an envoy
to Louis de Buade de Frontenac.
 The location had rocky cliffs and shallow waters, bad
for boats.
 Frontenac was smart in saying, “I have no reply to
make to your general other than from the mouths of
my cannons and muskets.”
Notice this comes from a guy in
a powdered wig
 34 ships surrounded Quebec, as the fighting last three
days.
 The cold drove the fleet away, otherwise they’d be
frozen onto the water
 Overall 150 attackers were killed, as they licked their
wounds and went home.
 In 1696, the French and Abenaki and our old friend
Pierre Maisonnat dit Baptiste besieged
Pemaquid…again.
 Benjamin Church in retaliation, attacked Acadian
communities… and Baptiste
defended.
Look at me,
I’m still
awesome!
 In 1697 the English and French came together for the
Treaty of Ryswick.
 This treaty stated that every town captured before
William of Orange came to power was to be restored.
 France surrendered several towns to the Holy Roman
Empire.
The treaty, in French?
 France was given Haiti (which is why they speak
French) and Nova Scotia.
 In North America nothing was
solved and every city returned
to its original country.
 For the Iroquois, loses were hardest
because of weak English allies.
 All in all, nothing was solved.
Oh, sorry, Bourbon got
Spain… besides that…
Queen Anne’s war
Yes we know she’s ugly..
There’s nothing we can do
about that
 Also called “The War of the Spanish Succession”
 War was fought from 1702-1713
 The problem was the conflict on who should be the
successor to the Spanish throne, hence the name.
 Another issue came up.
 Leopold I, the Holy Roman Emperor wanted to protect
the claim to the Spanish inheritance.
 And Louis XIV still wanted to expand
France…
 Also, unresolved issues from
King William’s war came up.
Leopold I
 The English fought in many different places in North
America:




Spanish Florida and the English Province of Carolina
New England and Acadia
These
two were
Quebec
the main
Newfoundland
Quebec
expedition
battles
 After all these battles came peace and the end of the war.
 Alexandre Leneuf de La Vallière de Beaubassin (we
found a winner!) led attacks against New England (and
many others joined)
 Many different raids between French, English, and the
natives continued until the end of the war.
 New England tried to take Acadia, led by Benjamin
Church
 British finally captured Port Royal,
Acadia’s capital.
I didn’t capture
it… but I’ll
smile anyhow!
 In 1704 England made an unsuccessful attack by sea
and another in 1707.
 Three years later the British decided to help.
 Francis Nicholson led a third attack, this time
capturing Port Royal, changing the name to Annapolis
for Queen Anne, and Acadia to Nova Scotia.
 In 1709 Colonel Nicholson and Samuel Vetch along
with the queen planned an attacked on Montreal.
 They wanted to arrive overland and by sea by Lake
Champlain .
 The land expedition arrived but…
 However the promised naval fleet never arrived and so
they didn’t attack.
 The plan for 1711 again called for land and sea-based
attacks; its execution was a disaster.
 Colonel Nicholson, Hovenden Walker and Samuel
Vetch organized the assault.
 The plan was Walker would
oversee the entire expedition;
Vetch would go by sea and
Nicholson by land.
If at first you don’t
succeed.. Try, try,
and fail again!
 A large east wind brought the ships west.
 Thinking they were going north, the captain did not
realize they were heading near the rocks.
 740 died and eight ships were lost.
 Land battalion left upon hearing the loss.
 Considered at the time one of the worst naval disasters
in British history.
 In 1712, Britain and France
made a final peace agreement
which was signed the
following year
 Called “Treaty of Utrecht”
 King Louis XIV’s grandson
Philip became king of Spain
but had to
give up his claim
on the French throne.
 Charles VI remained Holy Roman Emperor.
 Spanish Empire also divided.
 Savoy received Sicily and parts of the
Dutchy of Milan
 Holy Roman Empire received the
Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom
of Naples, Sardinia and most of the
Dutchy of Milan. Someone doesn’t look very
happy
 France gave England its claims to Hudson Bay
territories in Rupert’s land, Newfoundland, and
Acadia.
 France was also forced to recognized England’s power
over the Iroquois.
 French fortress built at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia,
Canada
 The original fortress, constructed
mainly between 1720 and 1740
 It was one of the most extensive (and expensive)
European fortifications
constructed
in North America.
 Because of the treaty, England had most of Acadia.
 However, the French still kept most of their colonies of
Île Royale, Île St-Jean (PEI), Canada and Louisiana.
 Île Royale was their only land on the Atlantic seaboard,
and so to fortify it built the fortress of Louisbourg.
 It guarded the entrance to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and
became a winter port for French navel forces
The plans for
construction