Transcript PP - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca

Treaty of Paris
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The war continued for another
three years after the Battle on
the Plains of Abraham.
The capture of Quebec
brought about the end of the
French empire in North
America.
New France was transferred
to Britain by the Treaty of
Paris in 1763.
England now controlled a vast
area of North America,
including the rich fur lands of
the Ohio Valley and the Great
Lakes.
Pontiac’s Rebellion
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxbip
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Pontiac’s Rebellion
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The Treaty of Paris did not
include any negotiations with
the Aboriginal Peoples of North
America.
Many Natives allied with the
French.
The British were expanding into
French territory (Ohio River
Valley)
They came to settle and
change the hunting grounds to
farms.
The native way of life was in
danger.
Pontiac’s Rebellion
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The Ottawa warriors gathered in a council
of war to hear Pontiac’s message.
“Why do you allow the white man to live
among you? Why do you forget the ways of
your ancestors? Why do you not become
true Indians once more?”
“You have bought guns, knives, kettles and
blankets from the white men. Now you
think you cannot do without them. What is
worse, you have drunk the poison firewater
that turns you into fools.”
“Fling all these things away. Clothe
yourselves in skins, and use the bows and
arrows, like your ancestors did.”
“As for these English, you must lift the
hatchet against them!”
Pontiac’s
Rebellion
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Several Indian chiefs and
spiritual leaders decided
to combat European
colonization.
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By June of 1763,
Pontiac’s multi-tribal
alliance controlled nine of
the twelve British held
forts west of the
Appalachian Mountains.
Pontiac's War Region
Pontiac’s Rebellion & Germ Warfare
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Lord Jeffrey Amherst - Commanding general of
British forces in North America during the final
battles
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smallpox-infected blankets used as germ warfare
against the natives.
Pontiac’s Rebellion &
Germ Warfare
Stated in a letter... Captain
Simeon Ecuyer had bought time
by sending smallpox-infected
blankets and handkerchiefs to the
Indians surrounding the fort.
This was an early example of
biological warfare -- which started
an epidemic among them.
Amherst himself had encouraged
this tactic in a letter to Ecuyer.
Pontiac’s
Rebellion
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Despite the fact that
British reinforcements retook the forts, King
George issued a
proclamation forbidding
colonists from settling
west of the mountains.
The Royal Proclamation
of 1763 upset crowded
colonists hungry for more
land, pushing America
closer to Revolution.
Aftermath Pontiac’s
Rebellion
British forces were depleted,
tired.
 Debt as a result of the recently
won war.
 The crown owed 146 million
pounds in 1763.
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The Office of James Murray
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Governor of the colony in Quebec
Four possible plans of the British after
the war:
 Expulsion: Remove all French settlers
from Quebec
 Anglicization: Change the way of life of
the French so they would think, talk and
act like English people.
 French System: Keep Quebec much as
it had been under French control. Hope
the French would accept British rule.
 Separation: Divide Quebec into separate
parts – one for French (who were already
present), one for English (willing to move
in).
The Royal Proclamation of 1763:
Anglicization
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At first, the colony of Quebec was to
be given an English lifestyle.
Governor Murray ordered the
change over to English laws,
language, schools, churches and
government.
Quebec was to be like Britain’s
other colonies in North America.
The English were forbidden to claim
land beyond the Proclamation Line
(western limit).
The fur traders had to have licenses
before going into native territory.
The British Proclamation Line of 1763
- The line ran the length of the Appalachian Mountain Range from Me. to Ga.
- Many settlements already existed beyond the line. They were now on their own.
- Colonists wanted to settle these areas as the older colonies grew and more
space was needed. Many of them were resentful and opposed this British law.
- Many of these colonists were retired veterans of the Seven Years War that had
been promised land as part of the pension for their service.
- Animosity toward British rule increased and talk of independence was growing.