Transcript Presentation

AHSGE Social Studies
Practice Slide Show
The Crusades
• A series of Holy Wars beginning
in 1095 and lasting until around
1270. The objective was for
Christians to capture Jerusalem
and the Holy Land from the
Muslims. One main result was
the expansion of trade.
The Renaissance
• An era of European history
lasting from the 1300s to the
1500s, during which time there
was a “rebirth” of learning. It
started in Northern Italy and
spread to the rest of Europe.
The Reformation
• The movement to reform the
Catholic Church by ridding it of
practices like selling indulgences,
selling church jobs, and
accumulating lands. It began
around 1517. It led to the start of
Protestant churches.
Martin Luther
• One of the leaders of the
Reformation. He nailed the 95
Theses (grievances) to the
door of the church at
Wittenburg, Germany. He
especially did not like selling
indulgences.
The Enlightenment
• A movement of “thinkers” that
lasted during the 1600s and
1700s. People associated with
this time include Francis Bacon,
Copernicus, Galileo, Isaac
Newton, Montesquieu, Locke, and
Rousseau.
Christopher Columbus
• Spanish explorer who set out
in 1492 to discover a western
sea route to Asia. He is
credited with “discovering
America,” but died thinking he
had found Asia.
Columbian Exchange
• The exchange of plants,
animals, diseases, and ideas
between the Old World
(Europe & Asia) and the New
World (the Americas). It began
with Columbus.
Conquistador
•A Spanish Conqueror.
Hernando Cortez
•Conquered the Aztec
empire.
Francisco Pizarro
•Conquered the Inca
empire.
Francisco Coronado
•He searched for the
Seven Cities of Gold.
Hernando De Soto
• He explored present-day
Georgia, Alabama, and
Mississippi while looking
for gold.
“The 3 G’s”
•The conquistadors
came for God, Gold,
and Glory.
Vasco de Balboa
•Discovered the “South
Sea,” which we call
the Pacific Ocean.
The Lost Colony
•Roanoke colony,
founded by Sir Walter
Raleigh.
St. Augustine
•The first permanent
European/Spanish
settlement in North
America.
Jamestown
•The first permanent
English settlement in
North America.
Virginia House of
Burgesses
• The first representative form
of government in North
America, it became the
pattern for our current
government.
Mercantilism
• A nation’s power is
measured by its gold and
silver reserves. A country
must sell more than it buys
(positive balance of trade).
Mayflower Compact
• An agreement signed by
the Pilgrims before they
got off the ship. It said
they would obey the laws
of the land.
Juan Ponce de Leon
• Explored Florida while
searching for the
“fountain of youth.”
Triangular Trade
• A trade system involving
Europe, Africa, and the
Americas. It involved trading
African slaves,
sugar/molasses, rum, and
other goods.
Middle Passage
• The part of triangular
trade where slaves came
from Africa across the
Atlantic to the Americas.
Events Leading to
the American
Revolution
French and Indian War
• AKA “The Seven Years War”
• Britain & the Colonists fought
against France & the Indians.
• Britain won, taking Canada, most
of North America east of the
Mississippi River, and Florida.
• It nearly bankrupted Britain.
Treaty of Paris, 1763
•Ended the French and
Indian War.
•(Britain won)
Proclamation of 1763
• After the British won the French
and Indian War, they issued this
direction for the colonists not to
go across the Appalachian
Mountains and start conflict with
the Indians.
“Taxation Without
Representation”
• Negative reaction by the
colonists to British taxes such
as the Navigation Act, Stamp
Act, Sugar Act, Townshend
Acts, etc.
Quartering Act
•The colonists had to
house British soldiers.
Stamp Act
•A tax put on all
documents shipped or
mailed.
Navigation Act
•The colonists must
buy all items from
British ships.
Sugar Act
•A tax on molasses.
Townshend Acts
•A tax on imported
glass, paper, lead, and
tea.
Sons of Liberty
•Led by Samuel
Adams, they wanted
to protect colonial
liberties (tea party).
Stamp Act Congress
•The first time
representatives from
the colonies organized
resistance to the
British.
Writs of Assistance
•Gave the British the
right to search and
seize colonial
property.
Boston Massacre
•In 1770, 5 colonists
were killed while
insulting British
soldiers.
Boston Tea Party
• In 1773, Samuel Adams
and the Sons of Liberty
dressed as Indians and
threw tea into Boston
Harbor to protest the tax.
Intolerable Acts
• Closed the port in Boston
and enforced the Quartering
Act. Led to the First
Continental Congress.
First Continental
Congress
•A response to the
Intolerable Acts. The
colonies decided to
boycott British goods.
Patrick Henry
•Gave his “Give me
liberty or give me
death” speech at the
Virginia House of
Burgesses.
Samuel Adams
• Leader of the Sons of
Liberty and present at
the Boston Tea Party.
Minutemen
• Colonial militia who were
ready to fight at a
moment’s notice.
Lexington and Concord
• The first shots of the
American Revolution
were fired here. (“The
shot heard ‘round the
world”)
Paul Revere
•Warned that “the
British are coming”
from Boston to
Concord.
Second Continental
Congress
• Sent Olive Branch Petition to King
George III.
• Appointed George Washington
commander of colonial army.
• Acted as government of the colonies.
• Authorized Declaration of
Independence.
George Washington
• Commander of
Continental Army.
• First U.S. President.
Declaration of
Independence
• Written by Thomas Jefferson
• A list of grievances the
colonies had against the
British government—why they
wanted to be independent
Bunker Hill
•First major battle of
the American
Revolution.
Saratoga
•Turning point of the
American Revolution
where France decided
to join the Colonists.
Yorktown
•Last battle of the
American Revolution
where British
surrendered.
Treaty of Paris, 1783
• Ended the American
Revolution
• Britain recognized U. S.
independence
• Mississippi River was the
western boundary.
The War
of
1812
Impressment
•Britain and France
were taking U.S.
sailors off U.S. ships
and forcing them into
naval service.
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
•Alabama battle where
Andrew Jackson’s
forces defeated the
Creek Indians.
Sides in War of 1812
•Britain vs. the United
States
Battle of Fort McHenry
*Place where Francis
Scott Key wrote “The
Star Spangled
Banner”—our national
anthem
Battle of New Orleans
• Battle fought 2 weeks
after the War of 1812
was over.
• Andrew Jackson became
a national hero.
Treaty of Ghent
•Ended the War of
1812.
An Important Slide
I.
Battle of Horseshoe Bend fought in
Alabama.
II. Treaty of Ghent signed, ending the War
of 1812.
III. Battle of New Orleans fought 2 weeks
after the treaty was signed.
IV. Andrew Jackson elected President of
the United States.
The Foundation and
Formation of the
United States of
America
Magna Carta
• Signed in 1215
• Limited the power of the
King.
John Locke
• English philosopher who
wrote about the “Natural
Rights” of Life, Liberty,
and Property.
• Wrote about the Social
Contract.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
• Wrote a book called The
Social Contract.
• Said government was an
expression of the general
will of the people.
Baron de Montesquieu
• Wrote “Spirit of the
Laws”
• Separation of Powers
• Checks and Balances
Separation of Powers
• Legislative (makes)
• Executive (carries out)
• Judicial (interprets)
Checks and Balances
• Veto
• Impeachment power
• Presidential nomination
• Senate approval
• Judicial review
Great Awakening
• Revival of evangelical
Christianity IN THE
COLONIAL PERIOD
• 1740s
Articles of Confederation
• Weak national government
• The first U.S. constitution.
• No executive or judicial
branch
• Congress could not tax.
• Amendment only by
unanimous vote
Shays’ Rebellion
• Showed weakness of
national government
compared to states.
Constitutional Convention
• Original purpose was to
amend (fix) the Articles
of Confederation, but
instead produced a new
Constitution.
Virginia Plan
• Written by James Madison
• Stronger national government
• 2-house legislature with
representation based on
population.
New Jersey Plan
• Stronger state
government.
• 1-house legislature with
representation based on
equality (same number)
Great Compromise
• From Virginia Plan, took 2
house legislature with one
based on population.
• From NJ Plan, took one
house with equal
representation (Senate).
James Madison
•“Father of the
Constitution” (wrote
Virginia Plan)
Federal System
• A/k/a “Federalism”
• Separated powers
geographically among the
national and state
governments.
Exclusive Powers
•Exercised by the
National government
Reserved Powers
•Exercised by State
governments (based on
th
the 10 Amendment)
Federalists
• Hamilton, Jay, Madison
(wrote The Federalist
Papers)
• Supported the Constitution
Anti-Federalists
• Opposed the Constitution
• Led by Thomas Jefferson
• Wanted a bill of rights to
protect citizens.
• Wanted strong state gov’t.
Preamble
• “We the People…”
• States purpose of the
new government.
• Part of the Constitution
Elastic Clause
• Gives Congress the
power to pass legislation
that is “Necessary and
Proper” for doing its job.
Bill of Rights
•First 10 Amendments
•Lists rights and
liberties of individual
citizens.
First Amendment
•Freedom of speech,
press, assembly,
petition, and religion.
Growth of the
New Nation
Washington’s Farewell
Address
• Avoid permanent alliances
• Stay out of political parties
• Keep morality (God) in
government
Marbury v. Madison
• Established the Supreme
Court’s power of
JUDICIAL REVIEW
(declaring a law
unconstitutional)
Growth of the
New Nation
Land Ordinance of 1785
*Land from the Ohio River
to the Mississippi River
could be made into states
when the territories had
the required number of
people.
Louisiana Purchase
• 1803
• By Thomas Jefferson
• From Napoleon of
France for $15 million
• Doubled size of U.S.
Lewis & Clark Expedition
•Explored Louisiana
Territory with
Sacajawea
1819
•The year Alabama
became a state.
The American System
• Plan by Henry Clay
• Three parts were
protective tariffs, a
national bank, and
internal improvements.
Internal Improvements
• The Erie Canal
• The National Road
“Era of Good Feelings”
• Presidency of James
Monroe (states began to
work together)
Monroe Doctrine
• U. S. foreign policy
stating that Europe would
put no more colonies in
the Americas and that the
U.S. would stay out of
European internal affairs.
Eli Whitney
•Invented Cotton gin
•Invented concept of
interchangeable parts.
Robert Fulton
•Greatly improved the
steamboat. His was
named the “Clermont.”
Andrew Jackson
• Hero of the War of 1812
• Nicknamed “Old Hickory”
• 1st president to rise from poverty
(the common man’s president)
• Used Spoils System
• Ordered “Trail of Tears”
Spoils System
•Giving friends and
supporters jobs in
government
Indian Removal Act
• Forced removal of Creeks,
Choctaws, Chickasaws,
Cherokee, and Seminoles to
reservations in Oklahoma
• Known as “Trail of Tears”
Oregon Trail
• Used by settlers in
search of fertile wellwatered land.
Mormon Trail
•Used by Mormons (led
by Brigham Young)
who settled in presentday Utah to escape
religious persecution.
California Trail
•Used by people going
to California during the
gold rush (fortyniners).
Santa Fe Trail
•Beginning in
Independence,
Missouri, it was to
increase trade with
Mexico in Santa Fe.
War for Texas
Independence
• Settlers in Texas won their
independence from Mexico.
• The Mexican dictator was
Santa Anna.
The Alamo
• Famous battle in the War for
Texas Independence.
Around 187 men held out
against Mexican forces for
13 days.
• Jim Bowie and Davy
Crockett were killed there.
Stephen F. Austin
•“The Father of
Texas”
Manifest Destiny
•The idea that the US
should expand from
the Atlantic to the
Pacific Coast.
Noah Webster
•Wrote the first
American dictionary.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
•Leader of
Transcendentalist
movement.
Henry David Thoreau
•Lived apart from
society; wrote the
book called Walden
Walt Whitman
•Poet who emphasized
the great worth of the
individual. He was a
major influence on
American literature.
Nathanial Hawthorne
•Wrote The Scarlet
Letter and The House
of Seven Gables.
Washington Irving
•Wrote Rip Van Winkle
and The Legend of
Sleepy Hollow.
Edgar Allen Poe
•Master of scary short
stories, including “The
Tell-Tale Heart” and
“The Raven.”
James Fennimore Cooper
•Wrote Last of the
Mohicans.
Emily Dickinson
•Poet who wrote about
death, love, and
immortality.
Herman Melville
•Wrote Moby Dick.
Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow
•Wrote “Paul Revere’s
Ride”
Horace Mann
•Most influential
American educator;
promoted public
education for men and
women.
Dorothea Dix
•Promoted reform of
mental institutions and
prisons.
Temperance Movement
•Movement to end
drinking alcohol/liquor.
Abolition Movement
•Movement to end
slavery.
Harriet Tubman
•Led slaves to freedom
on the Underground
Railroad.
Frederick Douglass
•Most well-known
African American
abolitionist.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
•Wrote Uncle Tom’s
Cabin, which was a
novel about
abolitionism.
Sojourner Truth
•Famous female
speaker for abolition
and women’s rights.
William Lloyd Garrison
•Abolitionist who
published The
Liberator, an
antislavery newspaper
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
•Organized the first
women’s rights
convention at Seneca
Falls; wanted the right
to vote for women
Susan B. Anthony
•Leader of women’s
rights movement;
promoted a woman’s
right to vote.
The United States
Begins to Divide
The South
• Economy was based on
agriculture (the plantation
system)
• Opposed tariffs
• Supported strong state
government.
The North
•Economy based on
industry (factories)
•Supported tariffs.
•Supported strong
national government.
Missouri Compromise
• Agreement to let
Missouri enter the US as
a slave state while Maine
entered as a free state
• Set a dividing line at 36
deg., 30 min. north lat.
Compromise of 1850
• California admitted as a
free state
• Utah and New Mexico
could decide for
themselves to be slave or
free (popular sovereignty)
Fugitive Slave Law
•Forced all Americans
to return runaway
slaves to their owners
in the South.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
•Did away with the
Missouri Compromise
by allowing Kansas and
Nebraska to vote on
the issue of slavery.
Bleeding Kansas
•A bloody, violent
conflict in Kansas
between pro-slavery
and anti-slavery
forces.
Republican Party
•The modern-day
political party that was
originally an
antislavery party
called “Free Soilers”
Dred Scott Decision
• U.S. Supreme Court ruled
that taking a slave into a free
state did not make him free;
that a slave was not a citizen
and could not sue; and as
property, slaves could not be
taken from their owners.
John Brown’s Raid
• Abolitionist who led a raid on
the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry,
Virginia. He wanted to arm
slaves and start a rebellion.
He was captured and
executed for treason.
Election of 1860
• Abraham Lincoln was
elected U.S. President
• The South believed Lincoln
was an abolitionist who
would try to end slavery.
• This prompted some
southern states to secede.
South Carolina
•FIRST STATE to
secede (leave the
Union).
Confederate States of
America
• Seven southern states
left the United States to
form the Confederacy.
Their first president was
Jefferson Davis
Montgomery, Alabama
• Called “the Cradle of the
Confederacy” because it
was the first capital of
the CSA.
Fort Sumter, SC
•The first shots of the
Civil War were fired
here on April 12, 1861.
Civil War
Bull Run
• First major battle of the
Civil War
• The South won
Shiloh
•Lasted 3 days with no
winner
•Bloodiest battle of the
Civil War
Antietam
•Bloodiest one-day
battle in U.S. history
•Led to Lincoln giving
the Emancipation
Proclamation
Emancipation
Proclamation
•Lincoln freed slaves in
“all states in rebellion to
the Union”—in the
South (none freed in
the North)
Vicksburg
•Battle that gave the
North control of the
Mississippi River
Gettysburg
•When the South led
by General Robert E.
Lee lost, it was the
turning point in the
war
Gettysburg Address
• Lincoln gave this speech
to dedicate a part of the
battlefield as a national
military cemetery
• Government of, by, and for
the people
Sherman’s March
• William Tecumseh
Sherman led a “march to
the sea” destroying
everything from
Chattanooga, TN to
Savannah, GA (including
burning Atlanta)
Appomattox Court
House
• Robert E. Lee (South)
surrendered to Ulysses S.
Grant (North) ending the
Civil War
Reconstruction
• Period from the end of
the Civil War to 1877
when the southern states
were being added back
to the Union (USA)
Lincoln’s
Reconstruction Plan
• An easy plan requiring
only 10% of the voters of
a southern state to take a
loyalty oath to the USA
Lincoln’s Assassination
• Lincoln was shot in 1865
by John Wilkes Booth
while attending a play at
Ford’s Theater
Black Codes
•A set of laws enacted to
restrict the rights of
former black slaves.
Freedmen’s Bureau
•Served to meet the
needs of black people
in terms of education,
food, clothing, medical
care, etc.
Three-fifths
Compromise
• For the purpose of
representation in
Congress, each slave
would count 3/5 of a
person (5 slaves=3
people)
Northern War
Advantages
•They had more
Railroads, more
factories, and more
population (soldiers)
Southern War
Advantages
• They had only to fight a
defensive war and had
much better generals.
Homestead Act
•Settlers could receive
160 acres of land if
they would live on it
and work it for 5 years
Morrill Land Grant Act
•Land given by the
government to each
state to build at least
one public university
th
13
Amendment
•Abolished slavery in
the US
th
14
Amendment
•Gave citizenship to
black people
th
15
Amendment
•Gave black citizens
the right to vote
Andrew Johnson
st
•1
U.S. President to
be impeached.
Carpetbaggers
•People who came
from the North to the
South during
Reconstruction
Scalawags
•Southerners who
supported
Reconstruction (hated
by other Southerners)
Ku Klux Klan
•Group formed in 1896
by Nathan Bedford
Forrest that used
terror against blacks
and other minorities
Compromise of 1877
• Rutherford B. Hayes
would become President
in exchange for ending
Reconstruction and
removing federal troops
from the South.
Jim Crow Laws
•Laws that 1)required
segregation and 2)
limited the rights of
blacks in society.
Poll tax
•A tax on voting put on
African-Americans (a
JC law)
Literacy Test
•Required AfricanAmericans to be able
to read before they
could vote (JC law)
Grandfather Clause
•Allowed poor illiterate
Southern whites to
vote if their
grandfather had voted.
Expansion and
Industrialization
Transcontinental RR
•The Union Pacific RR
joined with the Central
Pacific RR at
Promontory, Utah in
1869.
Indian Wars
•Mostly fought on the
Great Plains (esp.
around Montana)
Reservations
•Land set aside where
the Indians were to
live, especially in
Oklahoma.
Battle of the Little
Bighorn
•Battle where General
th
Custer and the 7
Calvary were killed by
the Sioux Indians.
Dawes Act
•Law passed to try to
make Native
Americans conform to
mainstream American
society. (Assimilation)
Bessemer Process
•A faster and better
way of making steel
invented by Henry
Bessemer.
Revolver
• Pistol invented by Samuel
Colt that became the
standard of personal
protection in the West.
The Steel Plow
•Invented by John
Deere, it was strong
enough to cut through
the tough prairie sod.
Windmill
•Provided power to
pump water to the
surface.
Barbed Wire
•Invented by Joseph
Glidden, it was a
cheap and efficient
way to fence land.
King Cotton
•The main cash crop in
Alabama
Boll Weevil Monument
• In Enterprise, AL, this
statue honored the insect
that destroyed the cotton
crop—forcing farmers to
look to grow other crops.
Railroad
•The most important
invention in helping to
settle, farm, and
industrialize regions
west of the Mississippi
The Grange
•Farm co-operative
where farmers pooled
resources to purchase
supplies and machinery.
Populist Party
•Organized to address
the concerns of
farmers and reformers
Alexander Graham
Bell
•Invented the telephone
Guglielmo Marconi
•Invented the radio.
Monopoly
•Where there is only
one supplier for a
particular industry.
Robber Barons
th
•19
century capitalists
that acquired their
wealth by exploitation
and ruthlessness.
John D. Rockefeller
•Owned the Standard
Oil Company—an oil
monopoly
Andrew Carnegie
• Owned a steel monopoly
• Advocated the “Gospel of
Wealth”—a philosophy that
wealth should be used to help
others.
• Gave generously to the arts
Cornelius Vanderbilt
•Owned a railroad
monopoly.
Labor Unions
•Used collective
bargaining to get higher
wages, shorter hours,
and safer working
conditions.
Strike
•Workers stop working
until their demands
are met.
Horatio Alger
•Wrote children’s
stories showing how a
person could gain
wealth through hard
work and diligence
Social Darwinism
•“Only the strong
survive,” and “survival
of the fittest” applied
to business and
society.
Progressive Movement
•Developed in response
to corruption in politics
and business. They
fought for the
oppressed in society.
Muckrakers
•Journalists who wrote
to expose corruption,
abuse, and unfair
practices in business
and society.
The Jungle
• Written by Upton Sinclair (a
muckraker).
• Exposed the Chicago
meatpacking industry.
• A disgusted President Teddy
Roosevelt pushed for laws to
correct the problem.
Ida Tarbell
•Wrote The History of
the Standard Oil
Company, exposing
J.D. Rockefeller’s
ruthless practices.
Progressive Era
Amendments
th
•16 ,
th
19
th
17 ,
th
18 ,
&
th
16
Amendment
•Created the Income
Tax.
th
17
Amendment
•Provided for direct
election of U. S.
Senators
th
18
Amendment
•Prohibited making,
selling, or transporting
alcoholic beverages.
th
19
Amendment
•Gave women the right
to vote.
President Theodore
Roosevelt
• Created the National Park
System
• After “getting hit in the
stomach” while reading The
Jungle, he passed the Pure
Food and Drug Act
Federal Trade
Commission
•Given power to
investigate unfair
business practices
Clayton Antitrust Act
• Sponsored by an Alabama
congressman, it ensured
that businesses could not
use antitrust laws to break
up labor unions.
Booker T. Washington
•Founded the
Tuskegee Institute
George Washington
Carver
•Discovered many
uses for peanuts and
soybeans.
W. E. B. DuBois
•Helped form the
Niagara Movement
and later the
NAACP
Plessy v. Ferguson
•Established the
doctrine of “separate
but equal”
Alabama Constitution
of 1901
•Longest in US
•Written to keep power
in the hands of white
planters
World War I
and
the 1920s
Imperialism
•Where a nation is
acquiring land—
building an empire
•Buy, conquer, annex
American Imperialism
• Americans wanted a new
source of raw materials,
new markets for finished
goods, and territory to
maintain a balance of
power.
Spanish-American War
• Fought mainly in Cuba
• “Remember the Maine”
• U.S. won
• U.S. got Cuba, Puerto
Rico, Guam, and the
Philippines
Yellow Journalism
•Sensationalism and
doing anything
(lying) to sell papers
•Hearst and Pulitzer
were the worst.
Open Door Policy
• Dealt only with China
(Asia)
• Said China would be open
to trade with anyone,
including the U.S.
Panama Canal
• To many countries, evidence
of U.S. imperialism
• Built across Panama in
Central America to cut down
the time ships could get from
the Atlantic to the Pacific
Ocean (and back)
William C. Gorgas
• Alabama doctor who
drained swamps in
Panama, ridding the
country of yellow fever
and making building the
Panama Canal possible
Roosevelt Corollary
• Addition to the Monroe
Doctrine that said the U.S.
would police the Caribbean
island countries.
• For example, the U.S. would
act if a country like Haiti was
not paying its foreign debts.
Long-term Causes of
World War I
• Militarism
• Imperialism
• Nationalism
• Alliance System
Immediate Cause of
World War I
•Murder of Archduke
Francis Ferdinand of
Austria and his wife
The Central Powers
•(The bad guys)
•Germany
•Austria-Hungary
•Ottoman Empire
The Allies
• (The good guys)
• “Best Friends Are US.”
• B=Britain
• F=France
• Are=R=Russia
• Us=United States
Trench Warfare
• Primarily the way the first
3 years of WWI were
fought.
No Man’s Land
•Deadly ground
between opposing
trenches.
New Weapons in
World War I
• Machine guns (deadliest)
• Poison gas
• Long-range Artillery
• Submarines
• Airplanes
U.S. Policy Prior to WW I
•Isolation (stay out of
other countries’
business)
•Neutrality (don’t take
sides)
Causes of the United
States entering WWI
• Sinking of the Lusitania
• Zimmerman Telegram
(requested Mexico attack US)
• Unrestricted submarine warfare
(U-Boats)
• Russia overthrew the monarchy
Main U.S. Contribution
in WWI
• Soldiers provided hope
and energy for the Allies
• Factories provided
much-needed supplies.
Armistice
•World War I ended
with an armistice
th
(cease fire) on the 11
th
hour of the 11 day of
th
the 11 month of 1918
Consequences of
World War I
• Germany, Austria-Hungary, and
the Ottoman Empire were
stripped of much land
• In the U.S. all men between 21
and 30 had to register for the
draft
Consequences of
World War I
• Germany was humiliated,
something Adolf Hitler later
used to win support from
the German people
Treaty of Versailles
• Made Germany pay
reparations (money)
• Germany had to admit its
guilt for starting the war
• Disarmament
• Loss of all overseas colonies
League of Nations
• One of Pres. Woodrow
Wilson’s 14 points, it was an
effort to form a group of
countries that would promote
understanding and
discourage aggression
against other countries
F. Scott Fitzgerald
•Wrote The Great
Gatsby
Ernest Hemingway
• One of the most
influential writers of the
th
20 Century
Harlem Renaissance
•A movement which
saw the works of black
authors, painters,
dancers, and
musicians gain fame
Harlem Renaissance
• Langston Hughes (poet)
• Zora Neale Hurston
(Their Eyes Were
Watching God)
Jazz
• New form of musical
expression born out of
the black community
• New Orleans, Louis
Armstrong (trumpet), and
Bessie Smith (singer)
W. C. Handy
•Born in Florence, AL
•“Father of the Blues”
The Jazz Singer
•The
movie with
sound
st
1
Automobile
•Helped create suburbs
by allowing workers to
live farther from their
job
The Red Scare
• Fear of COMMUNISM
• The Palmer Raids (the
government jailed thousands of
radicals and foreigners)
• Sacco & Vanzetti Trial—
immigrant anarchists who were
tried,convicted and executed for
murder despite an unfair trial
st
21
Amendment
•Repealed the
Amendment
(Prohibition)
th
18
Things associated
with Prohibition
• Speakeasies (hidden bars)
• Bootleggers (sold alcohol
illegally)
• Al Capone (most famous
gangster)
The Great
Depression and
World War II
(Standard VII)
Causes of the Great
Depression
• Wages of workers did not rise
as fast as the prices of goods
bought
• Speculators bought too much
stock on credit
• Farmers overproduced and
drove prices down
The Great Crash
• October 29, 1929
• When stock prices fell,
investors began to sell their
stock for pennies on the
dollar
• Speculators defaulted on
their loans from banks
Collapse of Farm
Economy
• Food was overproduced,
creating surpluses
• Farm income could not
cover operating costs
• Farmers went bankrupt and
had to sell their farms
Dust Bowl
• As farmers plowed sod on
the Great Plains, a
drought and wind erosion
created a 3-year dust
storm that destroyed farms
Hoovervilles
•Shanty towns made of
tents and shacks built
outside cities (meant
as an insult to Pres.
Hoover)
Franklin D. Roosevelt
• Ran for president in 1932
promising “a new deal for
America”
• Only President elected 4
times
The 3 R’s
• RELIEF (money)
• RECOVERY (jobs)
• REFORM (regulation)
Alphabet soup
• Nickname for the
abbreviations of many
New Deal programs
(AAA, CCC, TVA, etc.)
Agricultural
Adjustment Act (AAA)
• The government gave
loans to farmers or paid
them not to grow crops
Tennessee Valley
Authority (TVA)
• Building dams brought
jobs and cheap electricity
to “lower Appalachia”—
the Tennessee Valley
Social Security Act
(SSA)
• Gave retirement income
to workers who reached
age 65
Civilian Conservation
Corps (CCC)
• Provided jobs to young
unmarried men (17-23)
who worked in national
parks
Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC)
• Insured deposits in banks
for up to $100,000 in case
of failure (meant to restore
confidence in banks)
Works Progress
Administration (WPA)
• Provided governmentpaid jobs constructing
government buildings,
roads, bridges, etc.
Fireside Chats
• Radio broadcasts where
FDR spoke directly to
Americans instead of
using the press
Benito Mussolini
•Fascist dictator of Italy
during World War II
Adolf Hitler
• Nazi dictator of Germany
during World War II
• Blamed all of Germany’s
problems on the Treaty of
Versailles and the Jews
Joseph Stalin
• Communist dictator of
the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics
(USSR) during World
War II
Axis Powers
• Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
• Italy, Germany, and
Japan were the bad guys
in WWII
Allied Powers (Allies)
• At first, Britain and France
• Later, Russia joined
• Finally, the USA joined
• Again: “Best Friends R US”