Transcript Chapter 19 PP

Bell Work: Why did the European
countries colonize countries in
Africa and Asia?
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Vocabulary
“At A Glance”
Vocabulary
Word
I think it
means.
Your Best
Guess
Definition
Picture
propaganda
two-front
war
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Vocabulary
“At A Glance”
Vocabulary
Word
propaganda
I think it
means.
Your Best
Guess
Definition
Picture
Propaganda is information or
material spread to advance a
cause or to damage an
opponent’s cause.
two-front
war
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Vocabulary
“At A Glance”
Vocabulary
Word
I think it
means.
Your Best
Guess
Definition
propaganda
Propaganda is information or
material spread to advance a
cause or to damage an
opponent’s cause.
two-front
war
A two-front war is a war
that has fighting taking
place in at least two
different areas.
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Entangling Alliances
of World War I
Music: Over There
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Map of World with Participants in World
War I -
•
•
•
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Allies in green
Central Powers in orange
Neutral in grey
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Nationalism in Europe (02:23)
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Causes of World War I
Underlying Causes of World War I
• Alliance system--divided the
continent of Europe into two rival
groups of nations
• Militarism--glorified war and caused
leaders to prepare armed forces for
conflict.
• Imperialism--thrust European
nations into fierce competition to
gain colonies, new markets, and
new sources of raw materials.
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• Nationalism--spurred major
European nations to extend their
territory; awakened movements
for independence among minor
nationalities, such as the Serbs.
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Immediate Causes of
World War I
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand,
heir to the throne of AustriaHungary, was murdered by
Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian
nationalist on June 28, 1914
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The Triple Alliance later the
Central Powers
• Formed in 1882
• Included: Germany, AustriaHungry, and Italy.
• All members will help each
other if attacked.
• Italy backs out of the Triple
Alliance when the war starts.
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Entente Cordiale
• Formed in 1904 between
France and Great Britain
Triple Entente
• Formed in 1907
• Grew out of the Entente
Cordiale
• Included France, Britain, and
Russia
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Building Global Empires and
Military Alliances (01:46)
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Events in 1914 that led
to World War I
• June 28: Archduke Franz
Ferdinand of Austria-Hungry
and his wife, Sophia are killed
by Gavrilo Princip, a member
of a secret Serbian
independence movement
called the “Black Hand”.
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July 23:
• Austria-Hungry sent Serbia an
ultimatum demanding that AustriaHungry not Serbia needed to
investigate the murders.
• Austria-Hungry knew Serbia would
not be able to accept the terms of
the ultimatum.
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July 28:
• Austria-Hungry declares war
on Serbia
Serbia
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1914: Austria-Hungary Declares
War Against Serbia (01:26)
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July 30:
• Russia, a friend of Serbia,
mobilizes its troops
• Germany warns Russia to stop
the mobilization.
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August 1:
• Germany declares war on
Russia
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August 3:
• Germany declares war on
Russia’s ally, France. Germany
invades Belgium
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August 4:
• Britain comes to Belgium’s aid
and declares war against
Germany
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August 6:
• Austria declares war on Russia
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The Western Front:
(France)
• Germany began the fighting by
attacking France, planning to
defeat France quickly and then
concentrate on defeating
Russia.
• Germany went through
Belgium as it raced towards
Paris, France.
• The Germans got within 40
miles of Paris and then were
stopped by the Allied Forces.
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Realities of War: The
Trenches, Weapons, and
Death (03:33)
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• The battle line where German
advances were stopped is
called the Western Front.
• Fighting at the Western Front
was a stalemate; a standoff
that neither side could break.
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German Submarines: U-Boat
Blockade (01:15)
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The Eastern Front
(Russia)
• The Russians mobilized their
troops more quickly than the
Germans had planned, and the
Germans were forced to fight
on two fronts at the same time.
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• 1914--4 million Russian died
• 1915--Russians retreated
• 1916 (March)--Russian people
overthrew the Czar
• Unrest continues within Russia
between
– Bolsheviks
– provisional government
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• 1917 (November)--Bolsheviks
seize the government
• 1918 (March)-- unrest within
Russia;
– Russia pulls out of the war
– Sign a humiliating Treaty with
Germany called the Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk
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Other Fronts:
• Italy was originally a member of
the Triple Alliance with Germany
and Austria-Hungary.
• Italy makes a secret alliance with
France and Britain joining the
Allies in 1915.
• Japan fought against the German
colonies in Asia.
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• Australia and New Zealand
seized German islands in the
Pacific.
• In Turkey the Ottoman Empire
fought against British, French,
Australians, and New
Zealanders
• In Africa the British take over
German colonies in the West,
East, and South.
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Cost of the war:
• $85,000 per minute in 19141917
• $170,000 per minute in 1918
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The United States:
1914: President Woodrow Wilson
announces the United States
wants to be neutral.
– Britain and France begin to use
propaganda information designed
to influence people’s beliefs or
actions.
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Sinking of the Lusitania and the
Zimmerman Telegram (01:05)
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1915: A German submarine sinks a
British passenger ship.
–
–
–
–
The “Lusitania”
1,200 die
128 were Americans
most of them were women and
children
– United States was outraged.
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• American bankers and investors
realize that if the Allies lose the
war, over $1.5 billion dollars
owed by the Allies to the United
States would be lost.
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War Declared and Congress
Ratified the Draft (00:49)
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Early 1917:
• Zimmerman telegram
– British broke the German code and
intercepted a German message to
Mexico.
– In the message Germany promises
to help Mexico regain Texas and
other parts of the United States
Southwest.
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April 1917:
• United States declares war on
Germany.
• President Wilson declares the
United States will, “Make the
world safe for democracy.”
• US entry into the war turns the
war in favor of the Allies.
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1918: Americans Arrive Just in
Time (01:59)
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Vocabulary
“At A Glance”
Vocabulary
Word
I think it
means.
Your Best
Guess
Definition
Picture
Treaty of
Versailles
League
of
Nations
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Vocabulary
“At A Glance”
Vocabulary
Word
Treaty of
Versailles
I think it
means.
Your Best
Guess
Definition
Picture
The Treaty of Versailles
was the peace treaty
signed by Germany and the
Allied power after World
War I.
League
of
Nations
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Vocabulary
“At A Glance”
Vocabulary
Word
I think it
means.
Your Best
Guess
Definition
Treaty of
Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles
was the peace treaty
signed by Germany and the
Allied power after World
War I.
League
of
Nations
The League of Nations was
an international association
formed after World War I
with the goal of keeping
peace among nations.
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Picture
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Vocabulary
“At A Glance”
Vocabulary
Word
I think it
means.
Your Best
Guess
Definition
Picture
Reparations
Isolationism
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Vocabulary
“At A Glance”
Vocabulary
Word
Reparations
I think it
means.
Your Best
Guess
Definition
Picture
Reparations is money paid
by a defeated country to
another country as a result
of war
Isolationism
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Vocabulary
“At A Glance”
Vocabulary
Word
I think it
means.
Your Best
Guess
Definition
Reparations
Reparations is money paid
by a defeated country to
another country as a result
of war
Isolationism
Isolationism is a policy of
avoiding political or military
involvement with other
countries.
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1918:
• American and Allied troops stop
the German offenses at ChateauThierry.
• November 11, 1918 at 11:11 A.M.
World War I ends.
– The armistice is signed
– The end of fighting.
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Peace:
• The leaders of the four most
powerful of the 27 nations who
took part in the peace talks
were know as “The Big Four”.
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“The Big Four” countries and
their leaders included:
1. President Woodrow
Wilson of the United
States
2. David Lloyd George of
Great Britain
3. George Clemenceau of
France.
4. Vittorio Orlando of Italy
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The Fourteen Points,
Peace Plan:
• Woodrow Wilson, President of
the United States proposed a
peace plan containing fourteen
points.
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Five of the fourteen
were:
1. Self-determination—nationalities
should have their own country.
2. peace without victory—don’t treat
the losers harshly
3. disarmament—end of militarism
4. fair treatment of people in colonies
5. League of Nations—international
organization that would help all
countries to settle their disputed
peacefully.
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The Peace Treaties:
• There were five separate
treaties
– one treaty with each of the
defeated countries (Germany,
Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and the
Ottoman Empire.
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• The treaty with Germany is the
most important and is known
as the Treaty of Versailles.
• It was signed at Versailles in
June, 1919.
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In this treaty Germany:
1. lost a lot of territory in Europe
2. German military was reduced
to 100,000 men with no tanks,
submarines, or planes
3. Germany lost all its colonies
throughout the world
4. Germany had to pay $33
billion in reparations, repair
for damages.
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• The United States Senate did
not sign, ratify, the Treaty of
Versailles and did not join the
League of Nations.
• Americans did not want to risk
being part of another European
conflict.
• The United States had a policy
of isolation, keep out of
entangling alliances.
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New countries formed as a result
of World War I:
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• Poland, Czechoslovakia, and
Yugoslavia became
independent countries.
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World War I (06:21)
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