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INSECT TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY By: Tyler Anderson INSECT ORDER LIST: Ephemeroptera Orthoptera Mantodea Odonata Coleoptera Phasmida Plecoptera Blattaria Isoptera Dermatptera Hemiptera Lepidoptera Diptera Siphonoptera Hymenoptera EPHEMEROPTERA: Mayflies are aquatic but similar body shape to the adults, they have gills along the sides of their abdomen which look similar to fine leaves Mayflies. ODONATA: Dragonfly’s characteristically have large rounded heads covered mostly by well-developed, compound eyes, two pairs of long, transparent wings that move independently, and elongated abdomens Dragonflies and Damselflies BLATTARIA: • eggs usually contained in ootheca • leathery forewings. • male genitalia asymmetrical • cerci variable, with one or more segments • Roaches ISOPTERA: •Pale, elongate body •2 pairs of membranous wings of equal length. Wings are present in reproductive castes only and shed after mating •Mandibulate (chewing) mouthparts Termites / White Ants DERMATPTERA: Earwigs have slender flattened body, bead-like antennae, and are easily recognized by the pair of large pincers (cerci) at the tip of the abdomen Earwigs ORTHOPTERA: large descending lateral lobes, nymphalid wing rudiments reversing their orientation in later instars and hind tibiae with two dorsal teeth rows Grasshoppers / Locusts / Crickets / Katydids PHASMIDA: Stick and Leaf-insects as their name implies are a medium sized order of insects most of which look like sticks or leaves HEMIPTERA: • 2 pairs of wings, although some species may be wingless and others have only forewings. Wings are generally membranous but in some species the forewings may be hardened at the base • Piercing or sucking mouthparts appearing as a sharply pointed tube known as a proboscis or rostrum, which extends from the underside of the head •Compound eyes of various forms • Up to 3 ocelli present COLEOPTERA: hind wings folded under elytra, with reduced venation hind two thoracic segments (mesothorax+metathorax=pterothorax) broadly connected with abdomen, so that the primary functional units of body are head / prothorax / pterothorax + abdomen, rather than the more typical head / thorax / abdomen of many other insects. genitalia retracted into abdomen Beetles / Weevils LEPIDOPTERA: Mouthparts form a coiled tube (proboscis) beneath the head Antennal type: Butterflies: knobbed or hooked at tip Moths: thread-like, spindle-shaped, or comb-like Front wings large, triangular; hind wings large, fan-shaped Body and wings covered with small, overlapping scales Butterflies / Moths DIPTERA: Antennae filiform, stylate, or aristate Mouthparts suctorial (haustellate) Mesothorax larger than pro- or metathorax One pair of wings (front); hind wings reduced (halteres) Tarsi 5-segmented True Flies / Mosquitoes / Gnats / Midges SIPHONOPTERA: Body bilaterally flattened Mouthparts suctorial (haustellate) Large bristles (ctenidia) often present on head or thorax (genal and pronotal combs) Hind femur enlarged, adapted for jumping Fleas HYMENOPTERA: Compound eyes well developed. Tarsi usually 5-segmented. Triangular stigma in front wings. Hind wings smaller than front wings, linked together by small hooks (hamuli). Narrow junction (wasp waist) between thorax and abdomen except in sawflies and horntails. Ants / Wasps / Bees / Sawflies / Horntails MANTODEA: Filiform antennae Head triangular with well-developed compound eyes Mouthparts mandibulate, hypognathous Prothorax elongate with large, spiny front legs adapted for catching prey Front wings thickened, more slender than hind wings Mantids / Praying Mantids PLECOPTERA: Antennae long, filiform Front wings long and narrow; M-Cu crossveins form distinctive boxes near center of front wing Hind wings shorter than front wings; basal area of hind wing enlarged and pleated Cerci long, multi-segmented Stoneflies THE END