Transcript General Characteristics

1
Phasmida are hemimetabolous and generally
elongate, though some forms (Leaf-Insects) are
broad and flattened.
2
General Characteristics:
* Slender, long-bodied insects, adults of some
tropical species being up to 300 mm in length.
* Their antennae are generally filiform ranging from
8 to over 100 segments and their cerci are short;
mouthparts chewing.
* They all posses compound eyes and some of the
winged forms possess 2 ocelli.
* Metamorphosis: Hemimetabolous.
* Cerci is not segmented
3
4
5
6
Carausius morosus
7
(Derma-ptera, from Greek derma = skin, pteron =
wing).
* Found in many different habitats and mainly
nocturnal. They hide by day in narrow crevices
under stones, loose bark and similar places.
8
General Characteristics:
* Elongate insects with biting mouthparts and long,
slender antenae with 10- 50 segments.
* Forewings modified into short, leathery 'wingcases' (elytra).
* The large, membranous hind wings are semicircular with radial veins.
* The cerci are modified into stout forceps or
pincers at the end of the abdomen.
9
* Metamorphosis is slight, normally with four
nymphal stages.
10
Labidura riparia
11
12
(Embio-ptera, from generic name Embia and Greek
pteron = wing)
* Known as Web-spinners because they make silken
webs and tunnels under stones,They live in small
communities.
* The silk is produced from special glands in the
swollen tarsal segment on each front leg.
13
General Characteristics:
* Elongate, soft-bodied insects living in silken weblike tunnels
* Males sometimes with two pairs of equal-sized
membranous wings. The wings are smoky brown
in colour and clothed with fine hairs. Females
always wingless.
* Tarsi 3-segmented, with the basal segment of each
front tarsus enlarged and swollen.
* Metamorphosis: Incomplete
14
* The compound eyes are kidney- shaped, there are
no ocelli.
* Mouthparts: Mandibulate.
* Thread-like antennae with 15- 32 segments.
* The abdomen has ten segments.
* The tail structures (cerci) are soft and jointed.
* Metamorphosis: Incomplete.
15
16
Oligotoma saundersii
17
Oligotoma nigra
18
19
General Characteristics:
* Filiform (long and thin) antennae.
* They have mandibulate or biting mouthparts.
* Many species are winged and the forewings are
generally hardened into a tegmina while the hind
wings are often fan-like.
* The genitalia of both sexes are generally
concealed, behind the 7th abdominal segment in
the female and behind the 9th in the male.
* Cerci are present and males bear a pair of styles as
well.
20
Suborder Blattaria – Cockroaches
* Cockroaches are usually dark brown or reddish in
color and have flattened oval bodies and long
swept-back antennae.
21
Blatta orientalis
22
23
Periplaneta americana
24
Suborder Mantodea - Mantids
* Mantids are predaceous, typically feeding on
insects and other arthropods.
* Mantodea are relatively large, elongate insects
that can reach several inches in length.
* Mantids have generally triangular heads with large
compound eyes set on either side and usually
three ocelli situated in between.
25
Stagmomantis californica
26
27
28
29
30
General Characteristics:
* Mouthparts: Mandibulate.
* Wings: Two pairs.
* Metamorphosis: Hemimetabolous.
* Wings membranous with few veins; both pairs of
equal length extending beyond abdomen with a
weak fracture at the base.
31
* Abdomen broadly joined to the thorax.
* Lightly colored workers and soldiers are wingless.
32
Reticulitermes hesperus
33
34
35
(Zor-aptera, from Greek zoros = pure, apteros =
wingless).
* Minute insects, less than 3 mm long, that live
gregariously under bark, in decaying wood,
humus, etc…
36
General Characteristics:
* Antennae with large, distinct segments and rather
thick in appearance with 9-segmented moniliform
antennae.
* Mouthparts for biting and chewing.
* Most species have winged and wingless forms.
The winged forms have two pairs of wings. The
commoner wingless forms are only slightly
pigmented and without eyes, while the rarer
winged forms are darker in colour and have eyes.
37
* Tarsi 2-segmented.
* Cerci very short and unsegmented.
* Metamorphosis: Incomplete.
38
Zorotypus sp.
39
(Mallo-phaga, from Greek mallos = hair, phagein =
eat).
* Small, wingless insects living as external parasites
of birds or, less frequently, of mammals.
* Biting Lice feed mainly on particles of skin,
feathers and fur. Some species take blood.
40
General Characteristics:
* Body usually flattened.
* Mouthparts of a modified biting type. Short
antennae, five segments or less.
* Cerci absent.
* The legs have one or two tarsal segments, the last
of these bearing one or two claws with which the
insect clings tightly to the feathers or fur of its
host.
* There are three nymphal stages, with no obvious
metamorphosis.
41
Lipeurus caponis
42
The name Psocoptera is derived from the Greek
"psokos" meaning rubbed or gnawed and "ptera"
meaning wings.
43
General Characteristics:
* < 6 mm in length; soft-bodied; swollen.
* Head prominent, with thread-like antennae.
* Chewing mouthparts; Omnivorous.
* Winged and wingless species.
44
45
* Feed on fresh blood and only occur on mammals.
* The eggs are oval and whitish when first laid and
are glued by the female louse onto the hair or skin
of the host.
* A female will lay about 300 eggs, approximately
10 eggs a day.
* The eggs take 8 to 12 days to hatch depending on
the species.
46
General Characteristics:
* 1-segmented tarsus with a single claw.
* Sucking mouthparts – blood feeders.
* Ectoparasites of mammals, humans.
* The range in size from 0.5 to 10 mm long
dorsoventrally flattened.
* Antennae short; 3-5 segmented.
* No ocelli and no cerci.
* Reduced or absent compound eyes.
47
Pediculus humanis capitis
48
49
50
General Characteristics:
* Piercing/sucking mouthparts.
* Two pairs of wings; forewings partly sclerotized
(hemelytra) or fully membranous.
* Simple development.
51
General Characteristics:
* Two pairs of membrane type wings.
* Mouthparts piersing-sucking.
* Compound eyes usually well developed.
* Ocelli ( 2 or 3) can be present or absent.
* Aphids often viviparous (no eggs, but adults producea
nymph).
52
Adult cicada
53
Aphis sp.
54
General Characteristics:
* Hind wings: membranous, shorter than front wings.
* Mouthparts are piercing-sucking.
* Compound eyes usually well developed.
* Ocelli (two) are eiter present or absent.
* Antennae usually long.
55
* Many species produce strong smells from glands
in abdomen.
* Metamorphosis is simple.
56
Adult Green Stink Bug
57
Dysdercus suturellus
58
(Thysano-ptera, from Greek thusanos = fringe,
pteron = wing).
* Minute, slender-bodied insects, often found in
flowers.
59
General Characteristics:
* Short antennae, 4-9 segments.
* Tarsi 1-2 segments.
* Mouthparts for piercing and sucking.
* Usually with a pair of very narrow wings, fringed
both front and back with long hairs, but many
species are wingless.
* Legs with very short, one or two segmented tarsi.
* Cerci absent.
60
Thrips
61
62