Transcript File - Ms.Fallon Global Studies

World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 30
Revolution and Nationalism, 1900–1939
SECTION 1
Revolutions in Russia
SECTION 2
CASE STUDY: Totalitarianism
SECTION 3
Imperial China Collapses
SECTION 4
Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
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World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 30
Section-4
Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
Nationalism triggers independence movements to overthrow colonial powers.
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World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 30
Section-4
Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
Indian Nationalism Grows
Two Parties
• Congress Party—mostly Hindus; Muslim League—Muslims
• Both want South Asia to be independent of Britain
World War I Increases Nationalist Activity
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British promise steps to self-government in return for war service
After war, no changes; resentment grows across India
Some radicals carry out acts of violence in protest
British pass Rowlatt Acts (1919), tough laws
intended to end dissent
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Continued…
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World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 30
Indian Nationalism Grows {continued}
Amritsar Massacre
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In spring 1919, 10,000 Hindus and Muslims go to city of Amritsar
British alarmed by size of crowd, presence of nationalist leaders
Military commander thinks crowd is ignoring ban on public meetings
Troops fire on unarmed crowd; 400 killed and 1,200 wounded
News of this event, the Amritsar Massacre, sparks anger nationwide
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Gandhi’s Tactics of Nonviolence {continued}
Inspiring Leader
• Mohandas K. Gandhi becomes leader of independence movement
• With ideas blending many religions, he becomes powerful leader
Noncooperation
• Gandhi urges civil disobedience—noncooperation with British rule
• In 1920, the Congress Party backs the idea
Boycotts
• Gandhi urges boycott of British goods, schools, taxes, elections
• Refusal to buy British cloth cuts into important textile industry
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Chapter 30
Gandhi’s Tactics of Nonviolence {continued}
Strikes and Demonstrations
• Civil disobedience takes an economic toll on the British
• Thousands of striking Indians arrested; jails severely overcrowded
The Salt March
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In 1930, Gandhi organizes protest of Salt Acts
These laws force Indians to buy salt from the government
Salt March—240-mile walk led by Gandhi to collect seawater for salt
British police brutalize protestors; Indians gain worldwide support
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Chapter 30
Britain Grants Limited Self-Rule
Indian Victory
• In 1935, Parliament passes the Government of India Act
• Act gives India local self-government and some election reforms
• Act does nothing to calm rising tension between Muslims and Hindus
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World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 30
Nationalism in Southwest Asia
Turkey Becomes a Republic
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Mustafa Kemal—Turkish general who overthrows Ottoman sultan
In 1923, Kemal becomes president of the Republic of Turkey
Splits government from religion, modernizes Turkey
Kemal dies in 1938; given name Ataturk (“father of the Turks”)
Persia Becomes Iran
• British effort to take Persia after World War I spurs nationalist revolt
• In 1921, Reza Shah Pahlavi takes power and begins modernization
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Chapter 30
Nationalism in Southwest Asia {continued}
Saudi Arabia Keeps Islamic Traditions
• In 1932, Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud unifies Arabia as Saudi Arabia
• Keeps many Islamic traditions, but modernizes life in some ways
• No effort to bring democracy
Oil Drives Development
• Rising demand for oil leads to exploration in Southwest Asia
• Discovery of oil in 1920s and 1930s brings new foreign investment
• Western nations try to dominate the region to keep control of oil
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World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 30
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