Transcript File

- Prehistory -
The Origin of
Humans
Assessment
• Worksheet #1 Textbook
• Questions from text: Prologue to Present page 11 Reflect and Analyze
Q: 1,2 and 3
• World History pages 4 to 8: 10 Vocabulary words with definitions
(highlighted)
• Africa/Europe Migration Map
• History of Mankind Video questions
• Hominid study sheet
• Prehistory and Nature of History Test
The First Humans Page 2 World History Text
A Selection of Views
• Judeo-Christian Creation Theory (Adam & Eve)
• Big Bang Theory
• Salish Origin Theory
• Evolution
Human Evolution
Evolution as a THEORY
suggests that a large
variety of species
on earth have all
evolved from a
common ancestor.
Charles
Darwin
(Darwinism)
Charles Darwin
1809 - 1882
• English Naturalist Published a book called “On the Origin of Species”
• Theory of Evolution: Darwin believed that all species evolved across
millions of years and this evolution is constantly happening.
• This theory is based on the thought that the plant and animal life that
exists on earth have changed or adapted over time in response to the
environment.
• Natural Selection – the process by which the strongest plants and
animals adapt to their environment and survive.
• Survival of the Fittest -The strongest species were able to survive, the
weaker became extinct.
Darwin believed that;
• Evolution is constant.
• Natural selection
happens via survival
of the fittest.
Darwin and Evolution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQp2lFcDEbw
http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/wild/destinationwild/videos/darwin-in-the-galapagos/
http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/videos/inside-darwins-mind/
Evolution, how does it work?
Why You Can't Outrun a Cheetah
• Cheetah
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8vejjVgIHg
• Why do species have to evolve?
• What kinds of traits do you think certain species have developed in
order to survive?
Answer in your notebook.
Questions from text:
Prologue to Present page 11
Reflect and Analyze Q: 1,2 and 3
World History pages 4 to 8
10 Vocabulary words with definitions (highlighted)
Scopes “Monkey Trial”
Religion vs Science
United States in 1925
• There was a large movement against the Darwin’s
Theory of Evolution.
• Many people believed that it contradicted Christian
ideals and values.
• “God created man, we did not evolve from APES!”
• The state of Tennessee passed a law which prohibited
the teaching of Darwin’s theories.
• In 1925, The American
Civil Liberties Union
convinced Mr. John
Scopes, a High School
teacher in Tennessee to
to teach Darwin’s theory
theory in class, which
was illegal .
• They said that the law
threatened their first
amendment right of the
the Constitution: The
Freedom of Speech.
Clarence Darrow,
one of the
greatest lawyers
in the U.S.
defended
Scopes.
July 10 1925 Dayton, Tennessee, USA. An Anti-Evolution League
holds a book sale at the opening of the Scopes "Monkey" Trial in
which biology teacher John T. Scopes is being prosecuted for
teaching evolution in his class
John Scopes was found guilty and had to pay a fine of $100.
The justification was that he had broken a law which had
been passed by the state of Tennessee.
Scopes Monkey Trial
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofM99LFZhxo
Prehistoric Man
According to Charles Darwin
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLa18fJZp_M
HOMINIDS – “Human-like”
 Hominids - first humanlike species.
 We may have shared a common ancestry with the apes and
chimps from up to 7 million years ago!
 Oldest remains discovered in Ethiopia in 1994, thought to
be 4.4 million years old
 Similar remains found in Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia
 Different from apes:
 Bipedalism (walking on two feet)
 Larger brains
Early Discoveries of Hominids
Australopithecus
• Scavengers = Survival living.
• Lived 3,000,000 years ago
• Walked on 2 feet (bipedal)
• Small brain (420-500 cc)
• Undeveloped system of
communication.
• Teeth and jaw much larger
than humans today.
Donald Johanson
• In 1973, Donald Johanson
discovered fossils in Ethiopia
that were dramatic and
almost unbelievable;
• The bones of a 3,000,000 year
old hominid (prehistoric man).
• These bones led him to
believe that they were from a
woman, Lucy, who walked on
2 feet.
Lucy
Lucy had a
small brain
and was only
about a meter
tall (4ft.)
Lucy compared
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xT8Np0gI1dI
The Stone Age
(Pro. To Pres. Text page 16 to 27)
• Descendants of the Australopithecines lived in the period called the Stone Age.
• There are two stages to this age:
• Paleolithic – 2,000,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE (Old Stone Age)
• Mesolithic – 10,000 BCE – 8,000 BCE (Middle Stone Age)
The Palaeolithic Era
- Old Stone Age • Small family groups.
• Humans found shelter in caves.
• During this time period, men
hunted and women gathered.
• They lived each day trying to
find food and shelter.
• They had to follow their food.
Homo Habilis “Handy Man”
• Used stone tools
• Lived 2.4-1.5 million years ago.
• Eastern Africa
• Brain measured 650 cc
• Average height: 5’0’’ (100 pounds)
Homo Erectus
• Man who stood upright
•First to use fire
• Lived about 2 million years ago
• Large teeth
• Low forehead
• Brain measured 750-1225 cc
•First to migrate to Europe and Asia.
Homo Sapiens
“Man Who Thinks”
Homo (Sapiens) Neanderthalis
Homo Sapiens Sapiens
Homo Neanderthals
• Lived in central Europe, colder
climate
• Buried their dead
• Lived approximately 130, 000 years
ago.
• Descended from Homo Erectus
• Average height of men: 5’6’’
• Their brains were larger than ours.
• They eventually disappeared???
Homo Sapiens Sapiens (us)
• Cro-Magnon Man
• Tools made of bones and horns
• Cave paintings, religion,
domesticated animals, advanced
hunting skills.
• Moved into Europe from Africa
about 40 000 years ago
• Brain 1350 cc
• Eventually spread through Asia
Australia and into North America
Sapiens vs. Neanderthalis
Homo sapien sapien
Homo Sapiens Neanderthalis
The Great Leap Forward
Cause and Effect of people living is settled communities
Tool Making
Fire
• Weapons for hunting
• Tools for building and cooking
• Better able to gather food at a
quicker rate
• Built more tools and shelters
• Heat – Shelter – Light
• Cooked food
• Fewer illnesses
• Population growth
• Ward off predators
The Great Leap Forward
Cause and Effect of people living is settled communities
Lived in groups
• Worked together, shared jobs
• Better hunting results, more
food
• Longer lives, population increase
• Safer, protected one another
Speech
• Development of culture
• Ideas, laws, religion
• Communicated ideas, shared
knowledge
The Great Leap Forward
Cause and Effect of people living is settled communities
Hunting
• From scavengers to hunter
gatherers to food producers
• Advanced up the food chain
• Safer, healthier food
• Lived longer, Population growth
Video-Man Kind the Story of All of Us (1
st
half of Video)