Transcript World History in Review

World History in Review
World History
Comparing Paleolithic and Neolithic People
River Valley Civilizations
The Growth of Mankind
Hammurabi's Code
• First Law Code in History
• Know for it’s harshness
• Eye for an eye
Video Summaries
• Crash Course Agricultural Revolution:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I&index=1&li
st=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
• Crash Course Indus Valley:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJYDM&list=PLB
DA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=2
• Crash Course Mesopotamia:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJYDM&list=PLB
DA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=2
• Crash Course Ancient Egypt:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3Wvw6BivVI&index=4
&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
•
Ancient Greece
Persian War / Peloponnesian War
Greece’s geography made it difficult to unite
Alexander the Great’s Empire/ushers in
Hellenistic Age
( a mix of Greek, Indian, Egyptian,Persian influences)
Chinese Dynastic Cycle / Mandate of Heaven
Ancient Chinese Achievements
• Great Wall of China
• Confusions philosophy is
greatest influence on
social order
• Standard weights and
measures
• Terra cotta Soldiers
• Silk
• Acupuncture
• Porcelain
• Printing press
• Gun powder and compass
in medieval times
• Silk Road
The Silk Road linking china with the west
Summary Videos
• Crash Course Persians And Greeks:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmkVSasZIM&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=5
• Crash Course Buddha and Ashoka:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Nn5uqE3C9w&list=PLB
DA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=6
• Crash Course Ancient China Mandate of Heaven and
Confusions:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylWORyToTo4&index=7&
list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
• Crash Course Alexander the Great:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LsrkWDCvxg&index=8&
list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
• Crash Course The Silk Road:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LsrkWDCvxg&index=8&
list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
The Roman Empire
Architecture
• Domes,
• 12 tablets of
law
• arches,
• aqueducts,
• Roads
• Cement
• Coliseums
• Bath houses
Roman Government and Laws
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Government:
Republic
Senate
Veto
Roman law and justice
Fall of The Roman Empire
World Religions
Summary Videos
• Crash Course Roman Empire:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPf27gAup9U
&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=10
• Crash Course Christianity and Judaism:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG55ErfdaeY&l
ist=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=11
• Crash Course Fall of the Roam Empire:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG55ErfdaeY&l
ist=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=11
• Crash Course Islam and the Quran:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG55ErfdaeY&l
ist=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=11
Aztec, Inca, and Mayan
Feudalism In Europe:
• Feudalism: A system of
obligations that bound lords
and their subjects in Europe
during much of the Middle
Ages. In theory, the king
owned all or most of the
land and gave it to his
leading nobles in return for
their loyalty and military
service. The nobles in turn
held land that peasants,
including serfs, were
allowed to farm in return
for the peasants' labor and
a portion of their produce.
Under feudalism, people
were born with a
permanent position in
society
Medieval Agricultural Revolution
• The appearance of new towns was a symbol of Europe’s
economic recovery
• This revival, which lasted from about 1000 to 1300, is called
the High Middle Ages
• In 1000 Europe’s economic recovery was underway
• It began in the countryside where peasants adapted new
farming technologies making fields more productive
• By the 800’s, peasants were using iron plows that could carve
deeper
• New harnesses so they could use horses rather than oxen
which would be faster and produce more food
• Windmills were used where there were no fast moving
streams and would be used to grind the peasants grain into
flour
• Three Field System rotating crops to keep fields fertile
The Cause and Effects of the Crusades
Feudal Japan
Medieval Knights & Samurai
African King of Mali Mansa Musa
• Gold and Salt trade
• Going on the Hajj, passing
out gold along the way
• Richest man in history
Genghis Khan and his Golden Hoard
conquer most of Asia
Magna Carta signed by King John of England
• First document to put
limits on the power of a
king
• No freeman can be
imprisoned without a trial
Effects of the Plague in Europe
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Death of millions of people
Labor shortages
Food shortages
Anti Semitism
Summary Videos
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Crash Course Middle Ages:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV7CanyzhZg&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=14
Crash Course the Crusades:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0zudTQelzI&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=15
Crash Course Africa and Mansa Musa:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0zudTQelzI&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=15
Crash Course Mongols:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szxPar0BcMo&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=17
Crash Course Indian Ocean Trade:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6XtBLDmPA0&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=18
Crash Course Ottoman Empire: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNII_jBzzo&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=19
Crash Course Russia and the Mongols:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etmRI2_9Q_A&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=20
Crash Course Japan and Samurai:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nosq94oCl_M&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=34
The Renaissance / a rebirth/
an new outlook emphasizing classicism, secularism and individualism
Italian Renaissance
• Literature: Cervantes, Shakespeare,
Moore, Machiavelli, Italian diplomat best known
for writing The Prince, a handbook for unscrupulous
politicians that inspired the term "Machiavellian" and
established its author as the "father of modern political
theory. Told rulers how to establish and maintain power
• Inventions: Guttenberg Printing Press,
(spread of ideas, cheaper books, increased literacy
rates) Newton, gravity
• Religion: Protestant Reformation,
Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anglican Church,
Catholic Reformation
• Humanism: seek fulfillment in this life
time, be all you can be, look to classical
times
• Scientific Revolution: challenging
traditional beliefs, looking for proof,
through observation and experimentation
• Scientific contributors: Newton,
Copernicus, Galileo
Protestant Reformation
• The Protestant Reformation was the 16thcentury religious, political, intellectual and
cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic
Europe, setting in place the structures and
beliefs that would define the continent in
the modern era. In northern and central
Europe, reformers like Martin Luther, John
Calvin and Henry VIII challenged papal
authority and questioned the Catholic
Church’s ability to define Christian practice.
They argued for a religious and political
redistribution of power into the hands of
Bible- and pamphlet-reading pastors and
princes. The disruption triggered wars,
persecutions and the so-called CounterReformation, the Catholic Church’s delayed
but forceful response to the Protestants.
• Important contributors to the reformation
were Gutenberg, Henry VIII, Luther, Calvin
Splits in the Christian Church
Art: perspective, art looks natural and realistic, detail, nods
to ancient Rome with arches, domes columns, Da Vinci,
Michelangelo
What led to the Age of Exploration?
• God
• Gold
• Glory
Age of Exploration
Columbian Exchange
Triangle Trade System
Mercantilism
Summary Videos:
• Crash Course Age of Exploration:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjEGncridoQ&
list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=21
• Crash Course Renaissance:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vufba_ZcoR0&
list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=22
• Crash Course Columbian Exchange:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vufba_ZcoR0&
list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=22
• Crash Course Atlantic Slave Trade:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnV_MTFEGIY
&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=24
Enlightenment Thinkers Influence Revolutions
Enlightenment states that the use of reason would lead to human progress
• Enlightenment Thinkers:
• Voltaire: Freedom of
speech
• Locke: humans have
rights. Right to over throw
government, social
contract
• Montesquieu: dividing
government powers or
braches of the
government
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Revolutions:
American Revolution
French Revolution
Glorious Revolution
Russian Revolution
American Revolution
Declaration of Independence
• List of grievances the colonist
have against the king
• Stated Reasons for wanting
independence and the
American Revolution
• People have natural rights of
life, livery and pursuit of
happiness
• Based on Enlightenment
Thinkers
Causes of the French Revolution
French Revolution
• Enlightenment thinkers inspire the bourgeoisies
• Economic problems of debt and raising food prices
• Unfair social class system and heavy burden of taxes on
the peasants
• Inspired by the Success of American Revolution
• Tennis Court Oath, oath taken by the National
Assembly promising to keep meeting until the create a
new and just constitution
• The Reign of Terror, led by Robespierre, to keep the
revolution going at all cost including execution many
with the guillotine
• Coup d” etat by Napoleon of the directory
Legacy of Napoleon
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changes / impacts in France
Napoleonic Code
A centralized state with a constitution
Elections were expanded
Many more citizens had right to property and access to
education
The French also lost many rights promised to them
Changes / impacts in Europe
Spread ideas of the revolution
While he failed to build a French Empire he did spark nationalist
feelings across Europe
The abolition of the Holy Roman Empire would lead to the
creation of a Germany
Sold the US the Louisiana Territory and doubling the size of the
US
Absolute rulers of the 1700s / Devine Right of Rule
• Peter the Great of Russia: goal of westernizing Russia,
Built St. Petersburg
• Catherin the Great of Russia: wins a warm water port
for Russia
• Queen Elizabeth of England defeated the Spanish
Armada, Elizabethan Settlement with church of
England
• Frederick II Prussia: Created a mighty military
• Maria Teresa of Austria: First female Hapsburg to rule
in her own name
• Louis XIV of France: Known as Sun King, Versailles
• King Phillip of Spain: Ruled during Spain’s Golden Age
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
the increase in machine made goods beginning in England in the 1700’s
• Immediate Effects:
1. Rise of factories
2. Changes in transportation
and communication
3. Urbanization
4. New methods of production
5. Rise of urban working class
6. Growth of reform
movements
• Long Term Effects
1. Growth of labor of unions
2. Inexpensive new products
3. Increased pollution
4. Rise of big business
(commercial revolution leading to a
capitalist economy)
5. Expansion of public
education
6. Expansion of middle class
7. Competition for world trade
8. Progress in medical care
Causes of Imperialism
Summary Videos
• Crash Course the Spanish Empire:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos&index=25&list=
PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
• Crash Course Seven Years War:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0qbzNHmfW0&index=26&lis
t=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
• Crash Course American Revolution:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlUiSBXQHCw&list=PLBDA2E
52FB1EF80C9&index=28
• Crash Course French Revolution:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTTvKwCylFY&index=29&list=
PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
• Crash Course Haitian Revolution:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5A_onU5s2U&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=30
• Latin American Revolution:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5A_onU5s2U&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=30
The MAIN Causes of World War I
MAIN Causes of World War I
• Long Term Causes
• Rivalries among European
powers imperialism
• European alliance system
• Militarism and arms race
• Nationalist tensions in the
Balkans
• Immediate Causes
• Austria-Hungary’s
annexation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina
• Fighting in the Balkans
• Assassination of Archduke
Frances Ferdinand
• Russian mobilization
• German invasion of
Belgium
Effects of World War I
• Immediate Effects
• Enormous cost in lives and
money
• Russian Revolution
• Creation of new nations in
Eastern Europe
• Requirement that Germany
pay huge reparations
• German loss of its overseas
colonies
• Balfour Declaration
• League of Nations
• Long Term Effects
• Economic impact of war
debts on Europe
• Stronger central
governments
• Emergences of United States
and japan as important
powers
• Growth of nationalism in
colonies
• Increased anti-Semitism in
Germany
• Rise of fascism
• World War II
Communism
World War II
• Holocaust: the killing of
more than 6 million Jews
• Total war: the channeling
of all of a nation’s
resources into the war
effort
• Propaganda used in both
wars is the spreading of
ideas to promote a cause
or damage an opposing
cause
• D Day: The allied invasion
of France
• The war in Europe comes
to an end with the
capture of Berlin
• The war in Japan comes
to an end with the
dropping of two atomic
bombs on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
Causes of World War II
Effects of World War II
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Trials for War Crimes
Enormous loss of human life
Destroyed cities and towns
2 Super Powers
Cold War
Women’s Rights expanded
Creation of United Nations
Advancements in technology: radar, sonar,
Atomic Bombs
20th Century Totalitarian Rulers
• Totalitarianism is a
form of government in
which the national
government takes
control of all aspects
of both public and
private life.
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Hitler/ Germany
Stalin / USSR
Mao Zedong / China
Pol Pot / Cambodia
Mussolini / Italy
The Cold War: US / USSR a state of political hostility between
countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in
particular. the state of political hostility that existed between the Soviet bloc countries and the
US-led Western powers from 1945 to 1990
Cold War Hot Spots
• Cuban Missile Crisis,
where the Cold War got
Hot
• With the development
of the atomic bombs
world peace is threaten
from unrestricted
nuclear proliferation
• Germany divided into
two countries, East and
West Germany
• Building of the Berlin
Wall to keep East
Germans from defecting
to West Germany
Cold War Hot Spots
Korea
• Divided into communist north
and noncommunist US supported
south
• China provided troops to support
North Korea
• The US led United Nations troops
supporting South Korea
• Warfare mainly involved regular
troops
• US troops remained in South
Korea after war
• Korean War ended in a stalemate
between the two sides and a
ceasefire
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Vietnam
• Divided into communist north
and noncommunist US supported
south
• China and the Soviet Union
provided economic and military
aid, but not troops the North
Vietnam
• The US and some allies provided
troops to support South Vietnam
• Viet Cong fighting in the south
were mainly guerillas
• US troops withdrew before the
war ended
• Vietnam War ended when North
Vietnam defeated South Vietnam
and reunited the country
Comparing Communism, Socialism and Capitalism
Effects of Colonialism Today
• Imperialist policies
promoted ethnic rivalry by
favoring one group above
the others, distributed
resources in an unequal
manner, changed
boundaries, disallowed
democratic governments,
and prohibited local
participation in
governmental decisions
and actions
Decolonization
• Decolonization, Process by which colonies become
independent of the colonizing country. Decolonization
was gradual and peaceful for some British colonies
largely settled by expatriates but violent for others,
where native rebellions were energized by nationalism.
After World War II, European countries generally
lacked the wealth and political support necessary to
suppress faraway revolts; they also faced opposition
from the new superpowers, the U.S. and the Soviet
Union, both of which had taken positions against
colonialism . Korea was freed in 1945 by Japan’s defeat
in the war. The U.S. relinquished the Philippines in
1946. Britain left India in 1947, Palestine in 1948, ..
South Africa
• Apartheid: a policy of rigid
segregation of non-white people in
the Republic of South Africa. This
insures white economic, political and
social supremacy.
• A resistance political party known as
the African National Congress
worked to protest unfair laws.
• Nelson Mandela was an ANC leader
who was jailed for 27 years
• In 1994 President de Klerk freed
Mandela and Africans of every race
could vote and they elected
Mandela.
Globalization: the process of interaction and integration among
the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by
international trade and investment and aided by information technology
Globalization Debate Crash Course
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9HjvHZfCUI&index=39&list=PLB
DA2E52FB1EF80C9
Social Media: The Spread of Information
Video Summaries
• Crash Course World War I:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XPZQ0LAlR4&index=36&list
=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
• Crash Course Communities, nationalist and China:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUCEeC4f6ts&list=PLBDA2E5
2FB1EF80C9&index=37
• Crash Course WWII
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q78COTwT7nE&index=38&lis
t=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
• Crash Course Cold War:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9HjvHZfCUI&index=39&list=
PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
• Crash Course Capitalism and Socialism:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9HjvHZfCUI&index=39&list=
PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
• Crash Course Decolonization:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9HjvHZfCUI&index=39&list=
PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
• The Green Revolution refers to a series of research,
and development, and technology transfer initiatives,
occurring between the 1940s and the late 1960s, that
increased agricultural production worldwide,
particularly in the developing world, beginning most
markedly in the late 1960s
• Global warming and climate change both refer to the
observed century-scale rise in the average
temperature of the Earth's climate system and its
related effects. Multiple lines of scientific evidence
show that the climate system is warming
• Current Effects: Glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers and
lakes is breaking up earlier, plant and animal ranges
have shifted and trees are flowering sooner, sea levels
are rising
Effects of global warming on agriculture
Summaries
• Human Migration 2:30:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70SePnXRKzQ
• Great Empires 4:54:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOrD8eOdRxU
• World battle grounds 5 min:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hsDn2kNriI
• World Religions 2:05:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-sIF78QYCI
• Maps that will change the way you look at the world
3:41:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXB1Z_CxBK0
• World History 4 min 3,000 to present:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewd4l2rD2_U
Common Core Sample Questions
• How did geographic features influence the diffusion
and settlement of both the Phoenician and Greek
traders?
• A Both had access to the Mediterranean Sea.
• B The monsoon winds made ocean travel easier.
• C The arid climate encouraged migration.
• D Russia′s rivers provided ease of travel
• The epilogue laws of justice which Hammurabi, the wise king,
established; a righteous law, and pious statute did he teach the
land. . . . the decisions which I have made will this inscription show
him; let him rule his subjects accordingly, speak justice to them,
give right decisions, root out the miscreants and criminals from
this land, and grant prosperity to his subjects. Hammurabi, the
king of righteousness, on whom Shamash has conferred right (or
law) am I. My words are well considered; my deeds are not
equaled; to bring low those that were high; to humble the proud,
to expel insolence. Code of Hammurabi, Epilogue
• How did implementation of codified laws such as the Code of
Hammurabi affect the people of ancient societies?
• A It unified the various peoples and laws within the empire.
• B It reduced the authority of the king over the citizens.
• C It limited the role of government in the lives of citizens.
• D It established the separation of government and religion
• Which geographic features determined the
location of the early civilizations of Egypt,
Mesopotamia, China, and India?
• A oceans and coastlines
• B rivers and valleys
• C fertile soils and plains
• D rainy seasons and forests
• How did Pericles influence the functioning of
Athenian government?
• A He introduced representative democracy.
• B He expanded direct democracy to new classes of
free men.
• C He increased the salaries of government officials.
• D He greatly strengthened the authority of military
leaders in s
According to the map, how was the Silk Road
associated with the development of cities?
• A Increased trade along this route helped to
establish cities within major
• empires.
• B The development of many cities created a need
for better roads.
• C The Silk Road was built as an alternative to trade
between large cities by the sea.
• D European governments promoted free trade
between major cities
• In the Middle Ages, European monarchs claimed to
rule by “divine right”. What purpose was served by
this claim?
• A It enabled the separation of church and state.
• B It enabled rulers to seize church lands.
• C It demonstrated that religion was stronger than
political power.
• D It strengthened the monarch′s authority to rule
• All merchants, unless they have been previously and publicly forbidden, are
to have safe and secure conduct in leaving and coming to England and in
staying and going through England both by land and by water to buy and to
sell, without any evil exactions, according to the ancient and right customs,
save in time of war, and if they should be from a land at war against us and
be found in our land at the beginning of the war, they are to be attached
without damage to their bodies or goods until it is established by us or our
chief justifiers in what way the merchants of our land are treated who at
such a time are found in the land that is at war with us, and if our
merchants are safe there, the other merchants are to be safe in our land.
• Based on this passage from the Magna Carta, which basic rights were
improved by the English barons?
• A trading rights
• B rights of the accused
• C civil rights
• D religious rights
• How did the printing revolution contribute to
increased global interaction?
• A by making texts available to broader audiences,
leading to the spread of new ideas
• B by creating interchangeable parts that made
repairing the printing press
• easier
• C by mass producing the press to make it available to
small towns
• D by using color to gain the interest of more people
• Effects of the Plague (Black Death)
• Europe lost a third of its population.
• Labor shortages brought higher wages for many workers.
• Peasants left their manors, weakening the feudal system.
• Which conclusion about effects of the plague can be drawn
from the listed information?
• A Catastrophic events can trigger changes in human
institutions.
• B Tragic events strengthen religion as people seek answers in
their faith.
• C People seek the comfort of traditional, familiar ways
following traumatic events.
• D Societies flourish during many types of disasters and
epidemics
• Which is an effect of European exploration of the
Americas?
• A Germany extended its New World empire.
• B Spain dominated North and South America.
• C Africans were enslaved to work in mines and on
plantations.
• D American Indians maintained resistance to
African and Eurasian diseases
• What was a significant result of European
exploration through the Columbian Exchange?
• A Europeans became dependant on crops from
America.
• B The bubonic plague spread throughout Europe.
• C European diseases caused millions of deaths
among American Indians.
• D Raw materials from America became very
expensive due to scarcity
• How did the new ideas and scientific advances of the
Renaissance challenge the Catholic Church?
• A New Renaissance universities, which emphasized
scientific research, gave most citizens educational
opportunities that challenged the religious institutions.
• B Individualism and humanist ideas from the
Renaissance challenged citizens to seek answers for
themselves rather than from religious institutions.
• C New merchant guilds formed by the middle class
owed allegiance to the leaders of the Renaissance
rather than the Catholic Church.
• D Feudal noble landowners accepted the scientific
advances of the Renaissance that were supported by
the Catholic Church.
• Which was an environmental effect of the process
of early industrialization?
• A the introduction of smallpox to American Indians
• B the diffusion of new animal and plant species to
Afro-Eurasia
• C the process of desertification in Africa and Asia
• D the widespread deforestation in Europe and
North America
• Timeline of Japan from 1850 to 1910
• 1853 - Commodore Perry of the United States ends Japanese
isolation
• 1868 - Meiji Restoration
• 1870s - Japanese government develops manufacturing and
railroad
• industries
• 1872 - Western dress enforced for government ceremonies
• 1905 - Japan wins the Russo-Japanese War
• 1910 - Japan annexes Korea
• What conclusion about Japan is supported by the timeline above?
• A Japan stopped farming rice.
• B Japan industrialized and became imperialistic.
• C Japan engaged in wars with western Europe.
• D Japan became economically competitive with Brit
• International Violence Before WWII
• Japan invades Manchuria - 1931
• Italy invades Ethiopia - 1935
• Japan invades China - 1937
• Germany annexes Czechoslovakia - 1939
• Germany invades Poland – 1939
• Using the information provided in the timeline above, which
historical conclusion can be drawn about the cause of World War
II?
• A Military alliances created many obligations to engage in wars.
• B The Nazi Party dominated politics in many European nations.
• C The United Nations was too weak to prevent the spread of
totalitarianism.
• D Some nations were aggressive and imperialistic in their efforts to
expand
• How did British taxes on salt contribute to the
growth of Indian nationalism?
• A The tax triggered violence against the Salt
March, which inspired a wider civil disobedience
movement in India.
• B The resistance against the tax on salt required
Indian national forces to stop the rebellion.
• C The imposition of the tax demonstrated that
India was not capable of self-government due to
the lack of native leadership.
• D The tax demonstrated the absolute control
exercised by the British as colonial rulers in India
• How did Mikhail Gorbachev′s policies of Glasnost
and Perestroika affect the Soviet Union?
• A The power of the Soviet Union′s Communist
Party was strengthened.
• B Many Soviet citizens demanded more economic
and political freedom.
• C Soviet powers were centralized under a
totalitarian dictator.
• D The Soviet Union increased its influence in the
nations of Eastern Europe
• Twentieth-Century International Developments
• Berlin Blockade (1948)
• Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
• Brezhnev Doctrine (1968)
• How did the developments above affect international
politics?
• A They inspired the creation of the United Nations.
• B They intensified Cold War conflicts and tensions.
• C They started cooperation between the United States
and the former Soviet Union.
• D They represented a global preference for
democratic values, institutions, and governments.
• Terrorism [takes] us back to ages we thought were long gone if we allow it
a free hand to corrupt democratic societies and destroy the basic rules of
international life. Jacques Chirac But for all these problems [a terrorist′s]
only solution is the demolition of the whole structure of society. No partial
solution, not even the total redressing of the grievance he complains of,
will satisfy him—until our social system is destroyed or delivered into his
hands.
• Benjamin Netanyahu According to the quotes, how have terrorist groups
and their movements impacted society in various countries?
• A Terrorists create panic by breaking basic rules of society and attempting
to destroy the social systems of target countries.
• B Terrorists create tensions by bringing adversaries together to resolve
differences in democratic processes.
• C Terrorist groups have influenced many governments to join their efforts
and create their own terrorist networks.
• D Terrorist groups have caused governments to eliminate corruption and to
apply laws equally within societies.
• Which shared purpose explains the operations of
the groups in the regions below?
• Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in Israel
• Chechen rebels in Russia
• Irish Republican Army (IRA) in the United
Kingdom
• A to create vast land empires across Eurasia
• B to destroy capitalist and democratic systems
• C to create independent nations under their
authority
• D to control petroleum exports to Western nations
• How was European society affected by the
Crusades?
• A Access to Asian luxury goods was severely
limited by war.
• B Invading Islamic armies destroyed farms and
cities.
• C Importation of Asian luxury goods created a
greater interest in trade.
• D Peasant rebellions diminished as the power of
the Church grew
• “ No bailiff is henceforth to put any man on his open law or
on oath simply by virtue of his spoken word, without reliable
witnesses being produced for the same. “ No freeman is to
be taken or imprisoned or disseised [dispossessed] of his free
tenement or of his liberties or free customs, or outlawed or
exiled or in any way ruined, nor will we go against such a
man or send against him save by lawful judgment of his peers
or by the law of the land. We will sell to no man, we will not
deny or defer to any man either Justice or Right.
• Which right had King John of England most likely abused,
according to these two clauses from the Magna Carta?
• A right to privacy
• B right to a fair trial
• C right to free speech
• D right to petition
•
• What was an important effect of the Black Death
(bubonic plague pandemic) on the populations of
Europe in the late 1340s?
• A decrease in public confidence in the Church
• B decline in average worker wages
• C elevated position of lesser nobles and local
leaders
• D increase in medical and pharmaceutical
research
• How is laissez-faire economics more productive than an
economy controlled by a government?
• A Laissez-faire economics creates competition which leads to
innovation, greater profits for investors, and lower product
prices.
• B Laissez-faire economics creates competition which results
in improved working conditions, higher wages, and
healthcare benefits.
• C Laissez-faire economics creates a more nationalistic
economy in which local production is always preferred.
• D Laissez-faire creates an economy which is regulated by
government in order to create ideal working conditions
Constructed Response
• Ancient and classical civilizations declined as a
result of internal weaknesses and external
invasions, but they left lasting legacies for future
generations. Provide two legacies of the Classical
Greek Civilization and explain their importance to
future civilizations
• How did agricultural improvements transform daily
life during the Neolithic Revolution and early
history? Give two examples
• European nations such as Portugal, Spain, France,
and England led explorations to new lands in the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These
voyages extended from the coast of Africa to the
Americas and beyond. Explain how the voyages of
exploration affected global interactions and new
patterns of trade. Give two examples: one for
impact on global interactions and another for new
patterns of trade.
• The changing climate affects society and
ecosystems in a variety of ways. Give three
twentieth-century examples of environmental
change due to climate
• How did the 1973 Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries (OPEC) oil crisis affect
international affairs? Give three examples
• Economic and social conditions of colonial rule
led to many nationalistic movements. Explain
how social and economic conditions in two
countries led to nationalistic movements
• How did agricultural improvements transform daily
life through the Neolithic revolution and early
history? Give two examples: