Transcript World of Insects

SUBPHYLUM
HEXAPODA
INCLUDES ALL INSECTS
CLASS INSECTA
Entomology
• THE STUDY OF INSECTS AND
THEIR NEAR RELATIVES
• Entomologists classify
insects into more than 25
orders based on
characteristics such as:
1. Structure of
mouthparts
2.Number of wings
3.Type of development
By the numbers…
write this on the side
• There are about ONE
MILLION identified
species of insects
• However, there are
several million
UNIDENTIFIED species
What You Should Know
About Insects …
Taxonomy
• Kingdom – Animalia
• Phylum – Arthropoda
•Class - Insecta
Insects Are Arthropods
• Insects are the largest group of
Arthropods
• Jointed appendages (bendable)
• Segmented bodies
• Exoskeleton of Chitin that must
be molted to grow
• Related to spiders, ticks,
scorpions, millipedes, crustaceans
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
• Three body regions
– head, thorax, and abdomen
• One pair antenna (head)
• Six legs or 3 pairs (thorax)
• One-two pairs of wings (thorax)
Sketch and label the 3 body regions. Use 3 colors to differentiate these.
Count the Legs!
There are ALWAYS SIX legs, and they are
attached to the THORAX
Antenna
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One Pair on head
Jointed
Sensory (smell)
Called “feelers”
Filiform most
common shape
(segments = size)
• May be modified
FILIFORM
Antenna Modifications
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Wings or No Wings
• Most adults have 2
pairs
• Called forewings and
hindwings
• Some insects are
wingless (silverfish,
fleas, some termites
and ants)
More on Wings
A network of Veins strengthens wings
Sketch a membranous wing
MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGS
Some Wings Are Covered
With Powdery Scales
BUTTERFLIES & MOTHS
Wings May Be Modified
• Order Diptera
(flies)
• 2nd pair of
wings modified
into HALTERES
• Used for
balance
• Makes flies
hard to catch!
Beetle Wings
ELYTRA
• Hard Forewing called
Elytra
• Meet in straight line
down the abdomen
• Membranous
hindwings folded
underneath (flight)
Sketch this picture
Class Insecta Review ?s
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Set #1
1. Id the 3 body regions of insects.
2. What is the most common shape of antenna? Sketch.
3. Define entomology.
4. What characteristics are used to classify insects into
orders?
5. What is the function of antennae?
6. What are the modified wings that provide balance for
flies?
7. How many LEGS are found on insects? Pairs?
8. Id & describe the 2 types of wings on a beetle and
sketch a pic.
9. How many insect orders are identified?
10. Sketch the 3 body regions of an insect & label.
CIRCLE THE INSECTS
INSECT ORDERS
INSECTS WITH WINGS
Why Can’t I Call All of Them
Bugs?
• EVERY BUG is an
insect, but NOT ALL
INSECTS are bugs!
• True BUGS are in the
Order HEMIPTERA
• Posterior thorax is
triangular; called
SCUTELLUM
• Last 3rd of wing CLEAR
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfK
CcSPCOQo
Which of these are BUGS?
ALL
More Hemipterans
Assassin Bug
Water Boatman
Giant Water
Bug
Leaf Hopper
Coleoptera
• Called beetles
• Tough
exoskeleton
• Forewings
called Elytra
•Fly with
membranous
hindwings
•Larva called
grubs
Cucumber beetle
Ladybird beetle
Rhinoceros beetle
Ephemeroptera
• Called Mayflies
• Juveniles are
aquatic; called naiads
• Adults found near
water & don’t feed
• Adults reproduce &
die in 24 hours
• Soft bodies with 2
long Ceri (tail fibers)
ADULT
NAIAD
Diptera
• Contains
mosquitoes &
flies
• One pair
functional wings Green Bottle fly
• Club-shaped
halteres for
balance
• Bodies often
hairy
Hover Fly
insulation / sensory
s
Fruit Fly
Aedes Mosquito
Dermaptera
• Called earwigs
• Long, flat bodies
• Forceps (pincers)
on end of abdomen
• Short, hard
forewings
(membranous wings
folded underneath
• Large jaws
(mandibles) on head
PINCERS
EARWIG EATING
CATERPILLAR
Orthoptera
• Grasshoppers, locusts,
crickets, katydids
• Very long bodies
• Rear legs modified for
jumping
• Females with egg
laying tube (ovipositor
on end of abdomen)
• Often communicate
with chirping sounds
Lepidoptera
• Moths, butterflies, &
skippers
• Siphoning mouthparts
coiled under head
• Powdery scales on wings
• Butterflies fold wings
flat above body at rest
• Moths are night active
• Important plant
pollinators
• Lacewings Neuroptera
• Net veined wings
• Small, delicate
insects
• Long antenna
• Predators on
other insects
• May feed on
nectar
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Females lay eggs suspended in the
air by individual strands of silk
Predators do not see the eggs
because of their suspension
Thysanoptera
• Thrips
• Two pairs of fringed wings
• Feed on plant sap
Isoptera
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Termites
Live in colonies
Feed on wood
Soft bodies &
short antenna
• Castes –
workers,
soldiers, kings,
and queen
Mecoptera
• Scorpion flies
• Last abdominal
segments curved like
scorpion
• Two pairs of narrow
wings
• Head elongated into
a beak (rostrum)
• Long antenna
Homoptera
• Cicadas, leaf
hoppers, wingless
aphids
• If wings present,
held roof like
over body &
membranous
• Piercing-sucking
mouthparts
Aphids
Cicada
Leafhopper
Odonata
• Dragonflies &
damselflies
• Dragonflies hold
clear wings spread
perpendicular to
body at rest
• Damselflies hold
clear wings together
over abdomen
Plecoptera
• Stoneflies
• Aquatic nymphs
• Aerial adults are
short lived
• Make drumming
sound to find
mates
Hymenoptera
• Bees, ants,
wasps
• Narrow waist
connects thorax
& abdomen
• Abdomen curved
downward
• May have stinger
on end of
abdomen
Carpenter bee
Red
ant
Yellow jacket
Hornet cooked by
bees
• http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=K6m40W1s0Wc&
feature=related
Blattodea
• Cockroaches (active pests)
• American cockroach-common & largest #
species
• Actually not native to America
• Brought over on shipping vessels
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Phasmida
Stick & leaf insects
Walking sticks – common
Very camouflaged
With and without wings
Generally nocturnal
Feed on shrubs and
trees
• Stick insects – world
wide (warm)
• Leaf insects- rare
(Australia)
Mantodea
• Praying mantis
• Named for
“praying
resemblance”
• Preys on insects
• Many species
will stand tall &
spread forelegs
and fan out
wings to appear
larger when
threatened
Insecta Review ?s set #2
• 11. What 2 characteristics signify a TRUE bug? What order
are true bugs?
• 12. Differentiate the life span of a juvenile mayfly and that of
an adult. Order?
• 13. Why is the Rhinoceros Beetle unique?
• 14. How are Lepidopterans important to plants?
• 15. What is unique about the 2nd pair of wings on a fly? Order?
• 16. What advantage do lacewings have for egg laying? Order?
• 17. Identify the 4 castes of termites. Order?
• 18. Describe the head of a scorpion fly. Order?
• 19. Differentiate the wings of a dragonfly and a damselfly.
Order?
• 20. How are the wings of a cicada held? Order?
INSECT ORDERS
WINGLESS INSECTS
Thysanura
• Called Silverfish
• Found around houses
or outside under
stones or wood
• Fast runners
• Damage books
• Secretive and active
at night.
• Flat, long bodies
• Long antennae
• Three, long, tail like
appendages
Siphonaptera
• Fleas
• Ectoparasites
• Bodies laterally
compressed
• Enlarged hind
jumping legs
• Very short
antenna
http://www.yo
utube.com/wa
tch?v=9fzb16
Bl1Dk
Collembola
• Called springtails
• Small & soft
bodied
• Furcula (jumping
mechanism) on
abdomen
• Furcula folds under
the body at rest
• Found in decaying
plant material
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Anoplura
Sucking lice
Singular = louse
Parasites of mammals
Very small
Head and body lice are
examples
Attracted to children’s
fine hair
Carry disease
Slow moving
Suck blood & have mouth
parts specifically for
that function
There are specific
species of human lice
Mallophaga
• Biting lice
• External parasites on
birds & mammals
• Broad head & flattened
body
• Feed on dead skin,
feathers, and fur
• Move quickly
• Mouth parts
specifically for chewing
Metamorphosis
CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT
INCOMPLETE
METAMORPHOSIS
Incomplete
Insects change
shape gradually!
Complete
Metamorphosis
Four stages that
all look different
Amorphic Insects
Silverfish
Springtails
Insects with Complete
Metamorphosis
EGG  LARVA  PUPA  ADULT
• Coleoptera (beetles)
• Hymenoptera (bees,
ants, wasps)
• Diptera (flies)
Lepidoptera
(butterflies)
Insects with Incomplete
Metamorphosis
EGG  NYMPH  ADULT
• Siphonaptera (fleas)
• Isoptera (termites)
• Orthoptera
(grasshoppers &
crickets)
• Hemiptera (true bugs)
• Homoptera (cicadas &
hoppers)
Wings NOT
fully
developed
FORENSIC
ENTOMOLOGY
• the application and
study of insect and
other arthropod biology
to criminal matters
• primarily associated
with death
investigations
• however it may also be
used to:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=C2YNmdPNG_A&feature=resul
ts_video&playnext=1&list=PLBF4
9F173D4A67E05
– detect drugs and poisons
– determine the location of
an incident
– the length of a period of
neglect in the elderly or
children
– the presence and time of
the infliction of wounds