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Introduction to Arthropod & Insect
Diversity
Scientific Classification
Kingdom
Division/Phylum
Class
Order
General
Family
Genus
species
specific
Characteristics to classify organisms:
CELL TYPE
Prokaryotic cell type
DNA is free floating
Eukaryotic cell type
DNA is surrounded by
a membrane
Characteristics to classify organisms:
NUMBER OF CELLS
OR
unicellular
multicellular
Characteristics to classify organisms:
MODE OF NUTRITION (how organisms eat)
Photosynthesis:
utilizing energy from the
sun to produce food
Engulfing: to flow
over and enclose
Absorbing: to suck
up or take up (like a
sponge)
KINGDOM CHART
ANIMALIA



Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Engulfing heterotrophs
PLANTAE



Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Photosynthetic autotrophs
FUNGI



Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Absorptive heterotrophs
PROTISTA




ARCHAEBACTERIA




Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Found in very harsh conditions
(i.e. bottom of the ocean or
volcanic vents)
Oldest living organisms
Eukaryotic
Unicellular or Multicellular
Heterotrophs
Photosynthetic autotrophs
EUBACTERIA




Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Found in neutral conditions (i.e.
human body and food)
Lactobacillus bulgaricus (or L.
acidophilus) and Streptococcus
thermophilus helps produces
yogurt from milk
The Importance of Insects
Some insects are beneficial:
Pollinate flowers
Balance Nature
Important Products
Research
Some insects are harmful:
Destroy food crops
Stings & Bites
Causes Sickness
Money Loss
Metamorphosis: A change in physical form
The insect’s exoskeleton does not grow with them and must be shed
and re-grown each time they get larger.
COMPLETE CHANGE
Monarch Caterpillar
Monarch Butterfly
small change
Worker Termite
Termite Nymph
An insect has four characteristics:
Dragonfly
1. Three body segments:
Head , Thorax and Abdomen
2. One pair of antennae
3. Three pairs of legs (6 legs in total)
4. Usually 1 or 2 pairs of wings
ABDOMEN: This body
segment holds all
reproductive organs.
THORAX: The 3 pairs of legs and
wings are attached to this body
segment.
HEAD:
The eyes, antennae,
and mouthparts are on
the head.
Where do insects fit in the scientific
classification picture?
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Arthropoda
General
jointed foot
segmented body
exoskeleton (external skeleton)
Class
Insecta
6 legs
3 body parts (head, thorax, abdomen)
1 pair of antennae
Wings (usually)
specific
Order
Order Diptera
Flies and Mosquitoes
Fruit Fly
Mosquito
CHARACTERISTICS: one pair of
wings; large eyes
Blow fly
Order Lepidoptera
Butterflies and Moths
Kamehameha Butterfly
Blackburn’s Butterfly
CHARACTERISTICS: undergo
metamorphosis; have colorful wings
Monarch Caterpillar
Luna Moth
Monarch Butterfly
Order Coleoptera
Beetles
Lady Bugs
Rainbow Scarab Beetle
© 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen
Dung Beetle
© 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen
CHARACTERISTICS: hard wings
which meet in the middle; chew their
food; some are colorful
Order Isoptera
Termites
Queen
Wood Damage
Workers
&
Soldiers
Australian Termite Mound
CHARACTERISTICS: eat wood or
dead plant parts; highly social;
undefined segments
Order Hymenoptera
Ants, Bees and Wasps
Honey Bee
© 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen
© 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen
Carpenter Ant
CHARACTERISTICS:
sting or bite; social
insects; major
pollinators
Velvet Ant
Yellow Jacket
Order Hemiptera or Order Heteroptera
True Bugs
© 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen
© 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen
Stink Bug
Leaf-footed Bug
© 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen
Spiny Assassin Bug
CHARACTERISTICS: suck liquid for
food; hard wings with delicate tip;
fold their wings under; most give off
unpleasant odor
Order Orthoptera
Grasshoppers, Crickets and Katydids
© 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen
Bird Grasshopper
Cricket
CHARACTERISTICS: strong hind
legs; make “music” or songs; all have
different ways to eat
Narrow Winged Katydid
Order Blattaria
Cockroaches
Cinereous Cockroach
Madiera Cockroach
Below there are some pictures of some
insects. Can you pick out the characteristics
they all have in common?
Appearing below will be pictures of different arthropods.
Some are insects and some are not. Armed with your
new definition, can you pick out the non-insects?
Resources
Pictures provided by
– Charles LeWallen
– www.biosurvey.ou.edu/okwild/misc/toc.html
– Bishop Museum
www.bishopmuseum.org/research/natsci/ento/ento.html
– Neil Reimer (Hawaii State Department of Agriculture)
Other informative websites
www.buginfo.com/bugs2.cfm
http://ucdavis.edu/bohart.asp?s=kidscorner&f=orders
www.eagle.ca/~matink/
www.ivyhall.district96.k12.il.us/4th/insects/bugmenu.html
http://www.hear.org/starr/hiinsects/images/index.html