Transcript Insect Anatomy

Insect Anatomy
Classification
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Arthropods
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Spiders, ticks, lobster, centipedes, and
insects, among others
Insects are members of the Phylum
Arthropoda (jointed foot)
an estimated 1 Million species of insects
exist, of which <0.1% are harmful to
plants
Arthropods
Why are Arthropods so successful?
Adaptability
Arthropods
Adaptability
Specialized appendages
 Mole crickets, giant water bug, preying
mantis
Arthropods
Adaptability
Exoskeleton (Invertebrates)
 Proportional strength
 Protection
Body Sections
HEAD - THORAX - ABDOMEN
Class: Arachnida
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Spiders
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Head/thorax (cephalothorax)
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We’ll cover only one spider: mites
Four pairs of legs
Abdomen
Classification
Phylum
Class: Insecta
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Class: Insecta
EXOSKELETON
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Solid outer skeleton
Accounts for shape and size
Cuticle is outermost layer that conserves
moisture
Class: Insecta
EXOSKELETON
How does it grow?
 Molting: chemical reactions make it
flexible, it grows, then hardens again
(schlerotization)
 Each molting called instar
 (Cicada hatching)
HEAD
Antennae
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Sensory organs
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Food
HEAD
Antennae
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Sensory organs
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Pheromones - communication chemicals
secreted by insects
HEAD
Compound eyes (2)
 Numerous faucets that each have a lens,
each singly functional
HEAD
Compound eyes (2)
 Senses color, movement, and, to a lesser
extent, distance
HEAD
Simple eyes, Ocelli (1 to 3)
 Records daily changes in light intensity
HEAD
Mouthparts: Chewing
 Mandibles are often
protective
HEAD
Mouthparts: Chewing
 Maxilla like
appendages
HEAD
Mouthparts
 Piercing sucking
THORAX
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Mid-section
Pro-, meso-, and meta-
THORAX
Each segment has a pair of legs
 Front pair are often greatly modified
THORAX
Caterpillars have prolegs on abdomen
 Not true legs
THORAX
Wings
 Meso- and metathorax sections
 SloMo
THORAX
Wings: Beetles
 Forewings hardened, elytra
 Protection of hind wings
THORAX
Wings: Grasshopper
 Forewings leathery
 Hindwings fly
THORAX
Wings: True bugs
 Forewings, basal portion hardened
 Hindwings, membranous
THORAX
Wings: Moths and butterflies
 Both wings scales
ABDOMEN
Softest body section
 Spiracles, openings insect uses to
breathe
ABDOMEN
Few appendages
 Ovipositor
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Laying eggs or stinger
ABDOMEN
Few appendages
 Cerci
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Can be sensory organ or protective
LIFE CYCLES
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Insects begin life as an Egg
Some exceptions are live birth, such as
Aphids (Viviparous)
LIFE CYCLES
Complete Metamorphosis
LIFE CYCLES
Complete Metamorphosis
Larva (immature stage)
 Damaging stage, feeding heavily on
foliage or roots
 Major difference in shape and habit from
adult
LIFE CYCLES
Complete Metamorphosis
Pupae
 Idle stage, transforming into adult
 Cocoon vs. chrysalis
LIFE CYCLES
Complete Metamorphosis
Adult (mature stage)
 Adults don’t often cause major damage
LIFE CYCLES
Incomplete Metamorphosis
LIFE CYCLES
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Nymph (immature stage)
 Differ from adult in size and shape
 Gradual changes
 Wings undeveloped
LIFE CYCLES
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Adult (mature stage)
 Wings develop
LIFE CYCLES
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Microcosmos
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